Le impeachment américaine et son influence sur la mise en accusation du Chili

This article deals with the origin of the American impeachment, and the manner in which it influenced over the regulation of the Chilean Impeachment, especially regarding aspects such as the authorities that should lead the impeachment; the causes under which an officer may be impeached; and the extent of the sanction affecting the convicted officer.Este artículo trata acerca del origen del impeachment estadounidense y la manera en que este influyó sobre la regulación de la acusación constitucional en Chile, particularmente en aspectos como la elección de los órganos que intervienen en él, las causales por las cuales una autoridad puede ser acusada y el alcance de la sanción que afecta a la autoridad.Cet article concerne le impeachment américain ainsi que son influence à l’égard de la régulation de la acusación constitucional au Chili, notamment en ce qui concerne l’élection des organes impliqués, les motifs par lesquels une autorité peut être accusée et l’étendue de la peine qui peut l’affecter

Capacitive effects in quasi-steady-state voltage and lifetime measurements of silicon devices

When measuring I-V characteristics and carrier lifetimes in quasi-steady-state QSS conditions, it is important to consider the time dependence of the charge due to excess carriers within the device. This paper shows that the space-charge region present in pn-junction devices and in many lifetime test structures can produce a significant capacitive effect when measuring the low voltage and low carrier density range of QSS I-V curves. Both computer modeling and experiments show that the junction capacitance is particularly significant in the case of low-resistivity silicon wafers, but it can also be noticeable in intermediate and high-resistivity samples. The paper demonstrates that the static I-V characteristics can be accurately reconstructed using a simple analytical model for the space-charge region. It thus fills a gap in the understanding of the low injection range of QSS voltage and lifetime measurements

About the buyer’s knowledge, before signing the contract or closing, of the falsity of representations and warranties

This paper analyses the effect of the buyer's knowledge, before signing or closing, about the falsity of one or more representations and warranties. It focuses on the case in which the parties do not address the issue in the contract. It holds that under Chilean law the actual knowledge by the buyer affects its ability to bring a claim for the breach of the representations and warranties.El artículo analiza el efecto del conocimiento del comprador, antes de la firma de un contrato, o del cierre, acerca de la falsedad de una o más declaraciones y garantías. Se revisa el caso en que las partes guardan silencio sobre el punto. Se argumenta que en el Derecho chileno, el conocimiento efectivo del comprador afecta su derecho a reclamar de la infracción de las declaraciones y garantía

Invasive plants and water availability mediate outcomes of plant-pollinator interactions

Animal pollination occurs in more than three quarters of all flowering plants. These plant-pollinator interactions can be greatly affected by the environment. The increasing presence of invasive species and changes to abiotic conditions could change the outcomes of plant-pollinator interactions. This dissertation focused on identifying how invasive plants and changes to water availability influence seed production and pollinator-mediated selection. The first chapter demonstrated how water availability to pollen recipient plants (Phacelia parryi) as well as conspecific and heterospecific pollen (the invasive plant, Brassica nigra) donors interacted to influence seed production. In this experiment, water availability to recipient plants did not influenced seed production. High-water availability to conspecific pollen donors led to higher seed production. Water availability to heterospecific pollen donors set the context for how water given to conspecific donors and recipient plants impacted seed production. These results show the potential impacts that environmental heterogeneity has on post-pollination events that lead to seed production. The second chapter explored how water availability influences the shape of the relationship between seeds and pollen received. Water availability influenced the pollen-to-seed relationship and the degree to which seed production is limited by pollen quantity. Data for chapters one and two were collected through a series of hand-pollination experiments done in a pollinator-free greenhouse. The third chapter documented the impacts that the presence of an invasive plant (Linaria vulgaris) across years had on pollinator visitation and pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits in a native plant species (Penstemon strictus). This was done through a multi-year field experiment in Colorado, USA. The presence of Linaria increased pollinator visits to Penstemon. Both pollinator preferences and the relationship between pollinator visits and seed production changed across years. Together, this work documents two previously-unknown mechanisms on how seed production can be influenced by water to pollen donors and to a change in the pollen-to-seed relationship. This work also illustrates how year-to-year variation in plant-pollinator interactions and the presence of a plant invader affects pollinator visitation and pollinator-mediated phenotypic selection

Sobre el conocimiento del comprador, antes de la firma del contrato o del cierre, de la falsedad de las declaraciones y garantías

This paper analyses the effect of the buyer’s knowledge, before signing or clos-ing, about the falsity of one or more representations and warranties. It focuses on the case in which the parties do not address the issue in the contract. It holds that under Chilean law the actual knowledge by the buyer affects its ability to bring a claim for the breach of the representations and warranties.El artículo analiza el efecto del conocimiento del comprador, antes de la firma de un contrato, o del cierre, acerca de la falsedad de una o más declaraciones y garantías. Se revisa el caso en que las partes guardan silencio sobre el punto. Se argumenta que en el Derecho chileno, el conocimiento efectivo del comprador afecta su derecho a reclamar de la infracción de las declaraciones y garantías

Referências curriculares para informática no ensino fundamental e médio

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação

Influência do marketing digital nas micro e pequenas empresas de Brasília

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Administração, Contabilidade, Economia e Gestão de Políticas Públicas, Departamento de Administração, 2018.A difusão do acesso à internet no Brasil nos últimos anos trouxe consigo uma maior relevância da internet para as empresas brasileiras. E para a inserção das empresas nos meios online, surgiram ferramentas de marketing e publicidade na internet, ampliando o alcance e a visibilidade dessas empresas. Essas ferramentas são usadas amplamente pelas grandes empresas, e vêm apresentando excelentes resultados para estas. Porém, pouco se sabe a respeito da utilização e da eficácia dessas ferramentas pelas micro e pequenas empresas do Brasil. Dado o baixo custo desse tipo de ferramenta de marketing e publicidade, o marketing em meios online, parece apresentar uma grande oportunidade para empresas de pequeno porte. Assim, este trabalho se propôs a fazer um estudo sobre a influência do Marketing Digital no micro e pequeno empreendedorismo na cidade de Brasília-DF, visando descobrir quais ferramentas de Marketing Digital estão sendo mais utilizadas, e qual a efetividade e o impacto delas nas micro e pequenas empresas da cidade. O estudo conclui que grande parte das micro e pequenas empresas brasilienses estão utilizando ferramentas de marketing na internet, sendo que essas ferramentas já são usadas tanto quanto às ferramentas de marketing em meios tradicionais

Detection, Characterization and Modeling of Localized Defects and Thermal Breakdown in Photovoltaic Panels from Thermal Images and IV Curves

In this work, a defective commercial module with a rounded IV characteristic is analyzed in detail to identify the sources of its malfunction. The analysis of the module includes thermography images taken under diverse conditions, the IV response of the module obtained without any shadow, and shadowing one cell at a time, as recommended by the IEC 61215 Standard. Additionally, a direct measurement of the IV characteristic and resistance of single cells in the panel has been conducted to verify the isolation between the p and n areas. In parallel, theoretical cell and module behaviors are presented. In this frame, simulations show how cell mismatch can be the explanation to the rounded IV output of the solar panel under study. From the thermal images of the module, several localized hot spots related to failing cells have been revealed. During the present study, thermal breakdown is seen before avalanche breakdown in one of the cells, evidencing a hot spot. Not many papers have dealt with this problem, whereas we believe it is important to analyze the relationship between thermal breakdown and hot spotting in order to prevent it in the future, since hot spots are the main defects related to degradation of modern modules

Comparação de sistemas de cultivo convencional e orgânico na produção de cumarina em mikania glomerata spreng. (asteraceae) e avaliação de genotoxicidade

Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense para obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências Ambientais.Mikania glomerata Spreng. – Asteraceae (guaco) é uma planta de reconhecida importância medicinal como produtora de cumarina, com indicação terapêutica validada pela ANVISA como expectorante e para o tratamento de doenças respiratórias. Possui ainda ação broncodilatadora, antimutagênica, antiulcerogênica, entre outras. Sendo a cumarina o metabólito secundário, o marcador químico relacionado à atividade farmacológica desta planta, estudos agronômicos de plantas medicinais, demonstram que o tipo de cultivo pode interferir no desenvolvimento da planta e, consequentemente, na síntese de compostos secundários. Portanto, o presente trabalho avaliou a influência do sistema de cultivo, convencional e orgânico, com vistas a determinar a influência destes na produção de cumarina (1,2-benzopirona) em folhas de M. glomerata, bem como avaliar a genotoxicidade desta planta em células sanguíneas humanas. A determinação e quantificação da cumarina foram feitas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) de acordo com os critérios descritos pela ANVISA. A avaliação genotóxica foi realizada através de Teste Cometa. Os resultados demonstraram que o sistema de cultivo orgânico apresentou o dobro da concentração de cumarina em relação ao sistema convencional, sendo 100% mais produtivo, mas não diferiu significativamente quanto à produção de matéria seca de folhas colhidas aos 100 dias de cultivo (p < 0,01). Quanto à ação genotóxica, o grupo de células exposto por 6 horas ao extrato de M. glomerata cultivada de forma convencional mostrou aumento dos níveis de danos ao DNA quando comparado com 2 horas de exposição ao mesmo extrato (p < 0,05). Além disso, observou-se que 24 horas de exposição foi capaz de reduzir dano ao DNA quando comparado com 6 horas de exposição ao mesmo extrato (p < 0,05) demonstrando a ação reparadora dos danos. Não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo de células expostas ao extrato da planta cultivada através do sistema orgânico nos diferentes tempos de exposição, mas diferiram significativamente do grupo de células expostas ao extrato da planta cultivada através do sistema convencional quando comparados dentro do tempo de 6 horas de exposição

Integrating residents' heating practices into energy retrofit decision-making:a sufficiency-oriented approach

Current energy-efficiency retrofits often rely on standard assumptions about thermal comfort, overlooking the diversity of residents' heating practices and promoting a one-size-fits-all approach. This can lead to resource-intensive interventions that fail to deliver proportional energy savings, cost-efficiency, and carbon emissions reductions. Addressing this gap, this study aims to integrate residents' heating practices into the decision-making process to rethink the scale of envelope retrofits. Using Dutch social housing as case study, we conducted a simulation-based analysis to evaluate how residents' heating practices (setpoint temperatures and number of rooms heated) influence retrofit outcomes in terms of energy savings, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. Our findings show that deep envelope retrofits perform well under standard assumptions of uniformly heated homes. However, their effectiveness is reduced by up to 80 % in households with more economical heating practices, resulting in long payback periods (up to 91 years) and limited environmental benefits, as the embodied carbon of materials may not be offset by operational savings. By aligning retrofit strategies with residents’ heating practices, we identified more suitable solutions, such as moderate retrofit or targeted measures combined with personal comfort systems (PCS), that deliver higher cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits. We also quantified the potential of sufficiency-oriented practices, such as lowering setpoints or heating only the living room, demonstrating that they can achieve energy and carbon reductions comparable to deep retrofits, but at lower costs. These findings offer a novel perspective by tailoring energy retrofit to residents heating practices, providing valuable insights for more effective approaches for decarbonization strategies.<br/