The Draft Convention on the Right to Development: A New Dawn to the Recognition of the Right to Development as a Human Right?

The draft Convention on the Right to Development is being negotiated under the auspices of the Human Rights Council. This article seeks to explore the merits and the added value of the draft in terms of its normative contents particularly compared with its soft law predecessor—the Declaration on the Right to Development. It argues that the draft is a momentous step in the recognition of the right to development as a human right not only because it is binding, if adopted, but also contains concrete, detailed and implementable norms. While it maintained the abstract and aspirational formulation of norms under the Declaration to a certain extent, the draft also addresses some of the prevailing gaps and limitations of the Declaration

The parental care behaviour of Paratilapia polleni (Perciformes, Labroidei), a phylogenetically primitive cichlid from Madagascar, with a discussion of the evolution of maternal care in the family Cichlidae

The parental behaviour of the Madagascan cichlid, Paratilapia polleni , was studied in the laboratory. According to current hypotheses of phylogenetic intrarelationship for the family Cichlidae, Paratilapia is a representative of a phylogenetically primitive cichlid lineage, and as such is of particular interest in comparative evolutionary studies. Given the basal phylogenetic placement of Paratilapia it seems reasonable to expect that, if maternal participation in brood care arose within the extant Cichlidae, then the proposed plesiomorphic system of extensive male care of eggs and embryos may be retained in this taxon. This is not the case, and already by the fertilized-egg interval male and female roles in Paratilapia are strongly differentiated with the female as the primary care giver. In addition to specialized behavioural roles, a unique egg morphology and mobile egg mass is described for Paratilapia . The results of the study are discussed in the context of theories of the evolution of maternal brood care within the Cichlidae.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42636/1/10641_2004_Article_BF00004768.pd