Dinkum Sands — a recently foundered Arctic island

Dinkum Sands was mapped in 1949 as a small island, one link in a 95-km-long chain of barrier islands near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Questions about its status as an Arctic island and the submerged land ownership led to a Federal/State joint monitoring program using topographic surveys, tide gauges, and other approaches. On the basis of the results the Supreme Court concluded that Dinkum Sands is a shoal rather than an island. The shoal attracts the yearly formation of pressure ridges at least as high as 15 m and undergoes drastic changes in location, shape, and elevation. Pressure ridges form from 10-cm-thick new ice when shifting and compression result in crumbling and the introduction of ice slabs into the sandy gravel shoal. This leads to a seasonal increase in shoal volume and height. With summer warming and sea-ice melting, part of the ice in the crest of the shoal (∼50%) melts and its height accordingly drops to below sea level. This lowering requires neither wave action nor lateral sediment transport. The original disappearance of the island in the 1950s, however, probably was not caused by diminished sediment supply from rivers or from coastal erosion, but by diminished local sediment supply through ice pile-ups or by increased erosion from wave attack. Similar changes in sediment volume as those observed in Dinkum Sands probably also occur on fully submerged shoals ranging to water depths of 20 or more meters, which are also marked by seasonal pressure ridge formation

New insights into the influence of ice on the coastal marine environment of the Beaufort Sea, Alaska

Areal patterns from field data and ERTS-1 imagery have shown a close relationship between geologic processes and the influence of sea ice along Alaska's northern coast, perhaps the nation's least known continental margin. Ice acts as; (1) a bottom-gouging agent; (2) an influence on water circulation; (3) a carrier of sediments; and (4) an influence on water types

Studies of the inner shelf and coastal sedimentation environment of the Beaufort Sea from ERTS-A

The author has identified the following significant results. Shearing periodically occurs between the westward moving pack ice (3 to 10 km/d) within the Pacific Gyre and the fast ice along the coast, forming major grounded shear and pressure ridges between the 10 to 40 m isobaths. Ridges occur in patterns conforming to known shoals. The zone of grounded ridges, called stamukhi zone, protects the inner shelf and coast from marine energy and pack ice forces. Relatively undeformed fast ice grows inshore of the stamukhi zone. The boundary is explained in terms of pack ice drift and major promontories and shoals. Intense ice gaging, highly disrupted sediments, and landward migration of shoals suggest that much of the available marine energy is expended on the sea floor within the stamukhi zone. Naleds (products of river icings) on the North Slope are more abundant east than west of the Colville River. Their location, growth, and decay were studied from LANDSAT imagery

East Siberian Arctic Region Expedition '92: The Laptev Sea - Its Significance for Arctic Sea-Ice Formation and Transpolar Sediment Flux

Darin enthalten: Expedition to Novaja Zemlja and Franz Josef Land with RV "Dalnie Zelentsy" / by D. Nürnberg and E. Groth, pp. 45-7

Моксифлоксацин (авелокс) в сравнении с комбинацией "офлоксацин плюс метронидазол" при неосложненных воспалительных заболеваниях органов малого таза. Результаты многоцентрового, двойного слепого, рандомизированного клинического исследования

ЖЕНСКИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ /ЛЕК ТЕРМОКСИФЛОКСАЦИНАВЕЛОКСОФЛОКСАЦИНМЕТРОНИДАЗО

The Mission Enterprise of The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod in Brazil

The purpose of this study is to examine the seventy years of the history of the IBLB from a missiological perspective. There are several historical issues and events in the IELB\u27s development which must be questioned and analyzed critically. It is an historical description and an evaluation of the so-called missionary performance of the Missouri Synod during the period of 1900-1974. The writer will give special attention to the following areas, which prompted the writing of this dissertation: (1) Row and why did the Missouri Synod begin work in Brazil? Was that work considered mission, or diaspora, or simply proselytism? What kind of work was actually contemplated in the beginning? The fact that there was considerable confusion in this regard was evident from the beginning: Should the work be home or foreign missions? It is generally accepted that the entry of Missouri Synod Lutherans into Brazil and Argentina was largely brought by chance, not design. Having thus begun by chance, we must establish whether these attempts at work in Brazil and Argentina were diaspora, or mission, or some kind of a combination of both

Sediments in Arctic sea ice: Implications for entrainment, transport and release

Despite the Arctic sea ice cover's recognized sensitivity to environmental change, the role of sediment inclusions in lowering ice albedo and affecting ice ablation is poorly understood. Sea ice sediment inclusions were studied in the central Arctic Ocean during the Arctic 91 expedition and in the Laptev Sea (East Siberian Arctic Region Expedition 1992). Results from these investigations are here combined with previous studies performed in major areas of ice ablation and the southern central Arctic Ocean. This study documents the regional distribution and composition of particle-laden ice, investigates and evaluates processes by which sediment is incorporated into the ice cover, and identifies transport paths and probable depositional centers for the released sediment. In April 1992, sea ice in the Laptev Sea was relatively clean. The sediment occasionally observed was distributed diffusely over the entire ice column, forming turbid ice. Observations indicate that frazil and anchor ice formation occurring in a large coastal polynya provide a main mechanism for sediment entrainment. In the central Arctic Ocean sediments are concentrated in layers within or at the surface of ice floes due to melting and refreezing processes. The surface sediment accumulation in central Arctic multi-year sea ice exceeds by far the amounts observed in first-year ice from the Laptev Sea in April 1992. Sea ice sediments are generally fine grained, although coarse sediments and stones up to 5 cm in diameter are observed. Component analysis indicates that quartz and clay minerals are the main terrigenous sediment particles. The biogenous components, namely shells of pelecypods and benthic foraminiferal tests, point to a shallow, benthic, marine source area. Apparently, sediment inclusions were resuspended from shelf areas before and incorporated into the sea ice by suspension freezing. Clay mineralogy of ice-rafted sediments provides information on potential source areas. A smectite maximum in sea ice sediment samples repeatedly occurred between 81°N and 83°N along the Arctic 91 transect, indicating a rather stable and narrow smectite rich ice drift stream of the Transpolar Drift. The smectite concentrations are comparable to those found in both Laptev Sea shelf sediments and anchor ice sediments, pointing to this sea as a potential source area for sea ice sediments. In the central Arctic Ocean sea ice clay mineralogy is significantly different from deep-sea clay mineral distribution patterns. The contribution of sea ice sediments to the deep sea is apparently diluted by sedimentary material provided by other transport mechanisms

William Alfred Passavant- His Influence on Nineteenth Century American Lutheranis

This report has been laid out under four general headings: The early life of Passavant, his labors first in the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, then in the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America, and finally his contacts with the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod

The Problem of the Oracles to the Nations in Jeremiah

Critics have attacked the authorship of Jeremiah in large scale. Some try to make his writings only half of the actual book. Others try to throw out smaller sections and separate verses. The section of the book of Jeremiah which has received the strongest attacks is the section often referred to as the oracles to the nations. In this thesis we will consider the various problems raised up by the critics