Coexisting choroidal neovascularization and active retinochoroiditis—an uncommon presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis

Abstract Background Choroidal neovascularization during the active stage of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis is an uncommon clinical presentation. The authors retrospectively reviewed medical charts of patients with coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane and active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Findings Three patients presented with coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane and active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. All lesions had adjacent subretinal hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed based on clinical presentation, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. The patients were managed with a combination of treatments including intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), oral anti-Toxoplasma treatment, and oral corticosteroids. In all patients, the retinitis lesion resolved in 6 weeks and the coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane resolved over 6 to 12 weeks. Conclusions Recurrences in Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis are common as satellite lesions adjacent to an old atrophic scar. Coexisting choroidal neovascularization with active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis is an important presentation and should be suspected in the presence subretinal hemorrhage and managed with a combination of anti-Toxoplasma treatment and intravitreal anti-VEGF. </jats:sec

Lipemia Retinalis, Macular Edema, and Vision Loss in a Diabetic Patient with a History of Type IV Hypertriglyceridemia and Pancreatitis

Background: Lipemia retinalis is a rare but known complication of elevated serum triglycerides. This case describes the clinical course of a diabetic patient who presented with lipemia retinalis and macular edema, which responded to systemic and local treatments. Case Report: A 40-year-old female with a history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and pancreatitis presented with decreased vision in the left eye. She had peripapillary and macular edema, intraretinal hemorrhages, and prominent exudates in the setting of lipemia retinalis due to type IV hypertriglyceridemia. She was treated with serial intravitreal bevacizumab injections for macular edema and systemic lipid lowering therapy, and her visual acuity improved back to baseline. Conclusions: In the setting of lipemia retinalis and hypertriglyceridemia, the current patient developed macular edema and vision loss. The macular edema was treated with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, and the patient experienced a rapid recovery of visual acuity

Rapid Palatal Expansion and Airway – Controversy, Consensus, and The Role Of 3D Imaging

The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of expansion appliance on airway by analyzing the studies that used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT can help to analyze the effects of orthodontic treatment such as expansion appliances on nasal cavity, oral and pharyngeal airway volume. Rapid maxillary expansion can be used with conventional design (RME) or with the contemporary design with mini screws (MARPE). The effect of the different designs of expansion appliances will be covered in this article. This article will also cover the effects of the different protocols on evaluating the airway dimensions on CBCT

Richard Relhan, Cambridge, [Cambridgeshire], to James Edward Smith

Explains that the authority for habitats in "Flora Cantabrigiensis" and his supplements are all his, except 'Phleum paniculatum' which is on [James] Crowe's authority, and except for 'Salix rubra' found by [Samuel] Goodenough at Ely the other ['Salix'?] habitats are wrong. Lists two pages of new habitats for plants in "Flora Cantabrigiensis" for insertion [in "English Botany"]. Has sent [James] Sowerby and now Smith specimens of 'Potamogeton gramineum' and his Burwell plant, thinks it is the plant in "Flor. Dan. t.222" ["Flora Danica"?]. Lists two pages of new Cambridgeshire plants and habitats found since his last supplementum [over following two sides of the letter]. Commencing study of mints ['Mentha'], offers to send specimens of any not described by [William] Sole. List of plants sent, five are unnamed with habitats, but presumably 'Mentha'; plus 'Potamogeton gramineum', which Smith has annotated "only 'compressum'"; and possible 'Salix caprea', asks Smith to figure it if so

Pityriasis rosea: An update on etiopathogenesis and management of difficult aspects

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a benign papulosquamous disorder seen commonly in clinical practice. Despite its prevalence and benign nature, there are still times when this common disorder presents in an uncommon way or course posing diagnostic or management problems for the treating physician. The etiopathogenesis of PR has always been a dilemma, and extensive research is going on to elicit the exact cause. This review focuses mainly on the difficult aspects of this benign common disorder such as etiopathogenesis, atypical manifestations, recurrent cases, differential diagnosis, therapy and pregnancy considerations. Although we could not find a black and white solution to all these problems, we have tried to compile the related literature to draw out some conclusions

Richard Relhan, King's College, [Cambridge, Cambridgeshire], to James Edward Smith, Great Marlborough Street, London

Thanks Smith for specimens, including one from Linnaean collections. Requests specimens of 'Salix reticulata', 'Salix rubra', and others as he plans to study 'Salix' in the Fens this summer. Promises greater part of Smith's desiderata except for some plants from his "Flora [Cantabrigiensis]". Hopes he is a FLS. Asks if Smith's Cryptogamia is so complete as to not need his assistance