The interaction of public in Facebook. The study of newspapers in Andalucía

En la actualidad vemos como los medios de comunicación, y como es nuestro caso los periódicos, han incorporado a su estrategia de comunicación herramientas 2.0 como es el caso de las Redes Sociales, y como los usuarios participan activamente en dichas plataformas, en concreto a través de Facebook. La aparición de estas herramientas ha generado flujos favorables de información entre el medio y su receptor, que de otra forma hubiesen sido impensables. Además de contribuir a compartir conocimientos y recursos de forma visible, y a ahorrar en gastos a la hora de conseguir todo lo anterior. Los periódicos han dejado atrás el carácter impersonal y estático, que de alguna forma estaba acabando con ellos, para dar paso a una comunicación cada vez más personal, activa y lo que es más importante interactiva. Cambios que en gran medida están unidos a la aparición de un nuevo usuario, activo, inconformista que necesita consumir información actual y a cada momento y que a su vez participa activamente en esa información a través de sus comentarios, tal y como se mostrará en el presente artículo. En definitiva lo que se pretende con este estudio es mostrar que la comunicación 2.0 a través del uso de las Redes Sociales como herramientas de comunicación dentro de los medios de comunicación es un hecho.Instituto de Investigación en Relaciones Pública

Low temperature mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour

Laboratory absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH₃C(O)OONO₂) vapour have been measured in the mid-infrared range 550 cm^-1 to 1400 cm^-1 (18.2 to 7.14 µm) at both 250 K and 273 K, using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer at a nominal spectral resolution of 0.25 cm^-1 (unapodised). In addition, the 1600 cm^-1 to 2200 cm^-1 (6.25 to 4.54 µm) spectral region has been measured at 250 K. Cross-sectional data at each temperature, as well as integrated band intensities and peak infrared absorptivities for nine absorption bands of PAN in this spectral range, have been derived from a total of twelve separately measured PAN transmission spectra. A general increase in the peak absorption cross-section for all bands is noted with decreasing temperature, with cross-sectional increases in the range 6% (for the 1842 cm^-1 band) and 30% (for the 991 cm^-1 band) at 250K, relative to those previously reported at 295K. Differences in integrated band intensities range from -22% to +16% for the 1741 cm^-1 and 991 cm^-1 bands respectively over the same temperature range. These new absorption cross-sections for PAN are the first to be reported at temperatures below 295 K, allowing the possibility of improved retrievals of the atmospherically important PAN species from remotely sensed infrared spectra of the cold upper troposphere. These new cross-sectional data accompany this paper as an electronic supplement

The Dark Side of the Self-Determination Theory and Its Influence on the Emotional and Cognitive Processes of Students in Physical Education

Amongst the main objectives of physical education (PE) classes is the consolidation of healthy lifestyle habits in young people and adolescents. Nonetheless, these classes can also provide the basis from which adverse experiences are generated which affect students’ perceptions of these classes. Previously conducted studies have focused on motivational processes and not on emotional processes, nor on the way in which students learn. The objective of the present study was to explore the dark side of the self-determination theory, its influence on emotional intelligence and the meta-cognitive strategies of students. Methodology: A total of 1602 young people undertaking secondary education participated, with self-reported ages between 13 and 19 years. The following questionnaires were utilized: Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale, Frustration of Psychological Needs in PE classes Scale, Emotional Intelligence in PE Scale and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. A structural equation model was developed which explained causal associations between the study variables. Results: Psychological control positively predicted each one of the sub-factors of frustration of psychological needs. Frustration of psychological needs negatively predicted emotional intelligence. Finally, emotional intelligence positively predicted meta-cognitive thinking. Conclusions: The influence and importance of the teaching style adopted by teachers is indicated, in addition to the effect of students’ psychological experiences on emotions and learning strategie

Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red, limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B2 instrument

International audienceOrganic compounds play a central role in troposphere chemistry and increasingly are a viable target for remote sensing observations. In this paper, infra-red spectral features of three organic compounds are investigated in thermal emission spectra recorded by a balloon-borne instrument, MIPAS-B2, operating at high spectral resolution. It is demonstrated, for the first time, that PAN and acetone can be detected in infra-red remote sensing spectra of the upper troposphere; detection results are presented at tangent altitudes of 10.4 km and 7.5 km (not acetone). In addition, the results provide the first observation of spectral features of formic acid in thermal emission, as opposed to solar occultation, and confirm that concentrations of this gas are likely to be measurable in the free troposphere, given accurate spectroscopic data. For PAN, two bands are observed centred at 794 cm?1 and 1163 cm?1. For acetone and formic acid, one band has been detected for each so far with band centres at 1218 cm?1 and 1105 cm?1 respectively. Mixing ratios inferred at 10.4 km tangent altitude are 180 pptv and 530 pptv for PAN and acetone respectively, and 200 pptv for formic acid with HITRAN 2000 spectroscopy. Accuracies are on the order of 30 to 50%. The detection technique applied here is verified by examining weak but known signatures of CFC-12 and HCFC-22 in the same spectral regions as those of the organic compounds, with results confirming the quality of both the instrument and the radiative transfer model. The results suggest the possibility of global sensing of the organic compounds studied here which would be a major step forward in verifying and interpreting global tropospheric model calculations

Polar stratospheric cloud observations by MIPAS on ENVISAT: detection method, validation and analysis of the northern hemisphere winter 2002/2003

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on ENVISAT has made extensive measurements of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the northern hemisphere winter 2002/2003. A PSC detection method based on a ratio of radiances (the cloud index) has been implemented for MIPAS and is validated in this study with respect to ground-based lidar and space borne occultation measurements. A very good correspondence in PSC sighting and cloud altitude between MIPAS detections and those of other instruments is found for cloud index values of less than four. Comparisons with data from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III are used to further show that the sensitivity of the MIPAS detection method for this threshold value of cloud index is approximately equivalent to an extinction limit of 10(-3) km(-1) at 1022 nm, a wavelength used by solar occultation experiments. The MIPAS cloud index data are subsequently used to examine, for the first time with any technique, the evolution of PSCs throughout the Arctic polar vortex up to a latitude close to 90degrees north on a near-daily basis. We find that the winter of 2002/2003 is characterised by three phases of very different PSC activity. First, an unusual, extremely cold phase in the first three weeks of December resulted in high PSC occurrence rates. This was followed by a second phase of only moderate PSC activity from 5-13 January, separated from the first phase by a minor warming event. Finally there was a third phase from February to the end of March where only sporadic and mostly weak PSC events took place. The composition of PSCs during the winter period has also been examined, exploiting in particular an infra-red spectral signature which is probably characteristic of NAT. The MIPAS observations show the presence of these particles on a number of occasions in December but very rarely in January. The PSC type differentiation from MIPAS indicates that future comparisons of PSC observations with microphysical and denitrification models might be revealing about aspects of solid particle existence and location

Protein phosphatase 5 regulates titin phosphorylation and function at a sarcomere-associated mechanosensor complex in cardiomyocytes.

Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells; however, its function in cardiomyocytes is unknown. Under basal conditions, PP5 is autoinhibited, but enzymatic activity rises upon binding of specific factors, such as the chaperone Hsp90. Here we show that PP5 binds and dephosphorylates the elastic N2B-unique sequence (N2Bus) of titin in cardiomyocytes. Using various binding and phosphorylation tests, cell-culture manipulation, and transgenic mouse hearts, we demonstrate that PP5 associates with N2Bus in vitro and in sarcomeres and is antagonistic to several protein kinases, which phosphorylate N2Bus and lower titin-based passive tension. PP5 is pathologically elevated and likely contributes to hypo-phosphorylation of N2Bus in failing human hearts. Furthermore, Hsp90-activated PP5 interacts with components of a sarcomeric, N2Bus-associated, mechanosensor complex, and blocks mitogen-activated protein-kinase signaling in this complex. Our work establishes PP5 as a compartmentalized, well-controlled phosphatase in cardiomyocytes, which regulates titin properties and kinase signaling at the myofilaments