The Short-term Car Flow Planning Model in Rail Freight Company – Case Study

AbstractWith the promotion of the environmentally friendly transportation modes (the European Commission supports the freight transport operations in the rail sector), an increase in the diversification of the demand is observed. While most rail freight companies tend to apply fixed schedules, this approach is not effective turns out to be ineffective due to the need to meet the customer's specific requirements.The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of empty wagon flow planning over a medium term horizon and to discuss the opportunities of improvement of this plans by discrete optimization. In order to increase the utilization and availability of wagons, the planning procedure with a rolling horizon has to be implemented. Unfortunately, since the plan has to be updated ca. every 4hours, this planning approach needs effective optimization tools. Our hybrid two-stage approach is designed to be implemented in such business environment. This formulation allows us to solve real life instances even for a 7-day time horizon

Lithium and aluminium carbamato derivatives of the utility amide 2, 2, 6, 6- tetramethylpiperidide

Insertion of CO2 into the metal-N bond of a series of synthetically-important alkali-metal TMP (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) complexes has been studied. Determined by X-ray crystallography, the molecular structure of the TMEDA-solvated Li derivative shows a central 8-membered (LiOCO)2 ring lying in a chair conformation with distorted tetrahedral lithium centres. While trying to obtain crystals of a THF solvated derivative, a mixed carbonato/carbamato dodecanuclear lithium cluster was formed containing two central (CO3)2- fragments and eight O2CTMP ligands with four distinct bonding modes. A bisalkylaluminium carbamato complex has also been prepared via two different methods (CO2 insertion into a pre-formed Al-N bond and ligand transfer from the corresponding lithium reagent) which adopts a dimeric structure in the solid state

Energy and nutritive value of meals in a city and private kindergarten

Jelovnici u dječjim vrtićima imaju važan utjecaj na rast i razvoj djece te usvajanje pravilnih prehrambenih navika. Cilj ovog rada bio je usporediti energetsku i nutritivnu vrijednost jelovnika privatnog i gradskog dječjeg vrtića te procijeniti usklađenost jelovnika svakog pojedinog vrtića s preporučenim vrijednostima iz trenutno važećeg Programa zdravstvene zaštite djece, higijene i pravilne prehrane djece u dječjim vrtićima. Statistički značajne razlike između privatnog i gradskog dječjeg vrtića su utvrđene u unosu proteina, zasićenih masnih kiselina, jednostruko nezasićenih masnih kiselina, natrija, kalcija, fosfora i niacina. Utvrđen je prosječan unos natrija veći od preporuka u oba dječja vrtića, dok je prosječan unos kalcija bio niži od preporuka u oba dječja vrtića osim za djecu dobi 1-3 godine u privatnom vrtiću. Uspoređujući unos energije te makro- i mikronutrijenta s preporučenim vrijednostima vidljivo je kako je veliki problem u oba vrtića što se obroci ne prilagođavaju djeci s obzirom na njihovu dob.Menus in kindergartens have an important impact on the growth and development of children and the adoption of proper dietary habits. The aim of this final work was to compare the energy and nutritive value of the private and city kindergarten menus and evaluate the consistency of the menus of each kindergarten with the recommended values from the currently Programme of health protection of children, hygiene, and nutrition of children in kindergartens. Statistically significant differences between private and urban kindergartens were found in the intake of proteins, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and niacin. The average sodium intake was higher than the recommendation in both kindergartens, while the average calcium intake was lower than the recommendation in both kindergartens except for children 1-3 years old in private kindergarten. By comparing the energy and macro and micronutrients intake with the recommended values, it is evident that the big problem in both kindergartens is that the meals do not adapt to the children according to their age

Energy and nutritive value of meals in a city and private kindergarten

Jelovnici u dječjim vrtićima imaju važan utjecaj na rast i razvoj djece te usvajanje pravilnih prehrambenih navika. Cilj ovog rada bio je usporediti energetsku i nutritivnu vrijednost jelovnika privatnog i gradskog dječjeg vrtića te procijeniti usklađenost jelovnika svakog pojedinog vrtića s preporučenim vrijednostima iz trenutno važećeg Programa zdravstvene zaštite djece, higijene i pravilne prehrane djece u dječjim vrtićima. Statistički značajne razlike između privatnog i gradskog dječjeg vrtića su utvrđene u unosu proteina, zasićenih masnih kiselina, jednostruko nezasićenih masnih kiselina, natrija, kalcija, fosfora i niacina. Utvrđen je prosječan unos natrija veći od preporuka u oba dječja vrtića, dok je prosječan unos kalcija bio niži od preporuka u oba dječja vrtića osim za djecu dobi 1-3 godine u privatnom vrtiću. Uspoređujući unos energije te makro- i mikronutrijenta s preporučenim vrijednostima vidljivo je kako je veliki problem u oba vrtića što se obroci ne prilagođavaju djeci s obzirom na njihovu dob.Menus in kindergartens have an important impact on the growth and development of children and the adoption of proper dietary habits. The aim of this final work was to compare the energy and nutritive value of the private and city kindergarten menus and evaluate the consistency of the menus of each kindergarten with the recommended values from the currently Programme of health protection of children, hygiene, and nutrition of children in kindergartens. Statistically significant differences between private and urban kindergartens were found in the intake of proteins, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and niacin. The average sodium intake was higher than the recommendation in both kindergartens, while the average calcium intake was lower than the recommendation in both kindergartens except for children 1-3 years old in private kindergarten. By comparing the energy and macro and micronutrients intake with the recommended values, it is evident that the big problem in both kindergartens is that the meals do not adapt to the children according to their age

Possible Collision Avoidance with Off-line Route Selection

The paper describes the traffic flow problems in telecommunication networks based on the Internet protocol. The main aim of telecommunication network operator today is to offer an SLA (Service Level Agreement) contract to end users, with provided QoS (Quality of Service) for different classes of services. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to establish the routes between marginal network nodes meeting the network traffic requirements and optimizing the network performances free of simultaneous flows conflicts. In DiffServ/MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) networks traffic flows traverse the network simultaneously and there may come to collision of concurrent flows. They are distributed among LSPs (Labeled Switching Paths) related to service classes. In LSP creation the IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) uses simple on-line routing algorithms based on the shortest path methodology. In highly loaded networks this becomes an insufficient technique. In this suggested approach LSP need not necessarily be the shortest path solution. It can be pre-computed much earlier, possibly during the SLA negotiation process. In that sense an effective algorithm for collision control is developed. It may find a longer but lightly loaded path, taking care of the collision possibility. It could be a very good solution for collision avoidance and for better load-balancing purpose where links are running close to capacity. The algorithm can be significantly improved through heuristic approach. Heuristic options are compared in test-examples and their application for collision control is explained. KEYWORDS: Telecommunication networks, collision avoidance, multi-constraint route selection, self-organizing systems, MPLS, Qo

Geopolitical Patterns and Curiosities in Relations Between Republic of Croatia and Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ovaj rad bavi se sporovima i problemima između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine te utjecajem na njihove međusobne odnose. U uvodnom dijelu govori se o razvoju i definiranju geopolitike kao perspektivi odnosa na kojoj se temelji rad. Glavni dio govori o geostrateškim interesima Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine te važnosti izgradnje Pelješkog mosta za obje države. U nastavku rada govori se o hrvatskoj politici prema Bosni i Hercegovini, ali i odnosima te problemima u Bosni i Hercegovini koji mogu utjecati na geopolitičku i sigurnosnu poziciju Hrvatske. Teza ovog rada je da između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine postoje snažne veze i odnosi te da međusobno utječu jedna na drugu, ali postoje sporovi oko kojih ne mogu postići dogovor i koji predstavljaju problem u poboljšanju daljnjih odnosa.This paper is about disputes and problems between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and reflection of these problems in countries mutual relations. The introduction is about development and defining geopolitics as a perspective of relations on which this paper is based. Main part of the paper is about geostrategic interests of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and about the importance of building the Pelješac Bridge for both countries. In continuation of this paper, it is said about Croatian politics towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it is also said about problems in BiH which can have effects on geopolitics and security position of Croatia. The thesis of this paper is that there are strong connections and relations between Croatia and BiH and that they are mutually affected by each other, but also it is difficult to reach agreements about disputes and they pose a problem for improving further relations

"Inkarnacija", Koncert za trubu, trombon i simfonijski orkestar

Autorica je odlučila da reinkarnacija bude tema za pisanje njezine kompozicije, te uzela „krug života“ kao predložak za formiranje stavaka, i to od samog nastanka duše u univerzumu, preko njenog manifestiranja na Zemlji u obliku ljudskog života, fizičkog umiranja i povratka duše u astralni svijet do ponovnog reinkarniranja u novom zemaljskom životu. Odabrala je koncert za trubu i trombon budući da ova dva instrumenta igraju značajnu ulogu u kreaciji dojma života i smrti duše, njezinog astralnog putovanja i ponovnog utjelovljenja. Koncert se sastoji od ukupno četiri stavka. Prvi stavak, pod nazivom „Introdukcija: Rođenje duše“ predstavlja svojevrsni uvod u koncert i muzičku sliku rođenja duše u astralu, njezin razvoj i put do manifestacije u ljudskom svijetu. Drugi stavak, „Dolazak na Zemlju“ i po naslovu već sam otkriva što se u njemu događa. Dočarava nemirnost, uspone i padove unutar ljudskog života i svu životnu radost koju duša osjeća bivajući u ljudskom tijelu i osjećajući ljudske emocije. „Povratak u astralni svijet“ naslov je trećeg stavka, koji se bavi tematikom umiranja i povratka duše svome Izvoru. Upravo u ovom stavku najviše dolazi do izražaja autoričina osobna subjektivnost u doživljaju ovog dijela ciklusa života, upravo zbog dodavanja nekih elemenata koji nisu spominjani u Upanišadama tijekom procesa povratka duše. Upravo zato treći stavak autorici je najdraži stavak ovog koncerta, jer je u njega unijela najviše svoje individualnosti. Četvrti stavak „Reinkarnacija“ predstavlja glavninu cijelog koncerta i u 2 njemu su sadržani elementi sva prethodna tri stavka. Četvrti stavak je sve ono što je temelj reinkarnacije. Upravo zato su u njemu i pomiješani toliki elementi iz prethodnih muzičkih ideja koncerta