Hidrólisis ácida de la celulosa: magnitud del problema, solución y extensión de la vida útil del papel

La hidrólisis ácida de la celulosa es uno de los procesos químicos degradativos más graves y extendidos en el papel que conforma las colecciones históricas documentales y bibliográficas datadas entre los años 1840 y 1980. La mayoría de estas colecciones nacieron ácidas y por consiguiente desaparecerán si el proceso hidrolítico no es detenido a tiempo. Dada la extensión y magnitud del problema se requieren soluciones de alcance masivo. Bookkeeper se presentó a comienzos de la década de los 90 del siglo pasado como un proceso de desacidificación en masa capaz de tratar toneladas de libros y documentos cada año eliminando los ácidos del papel y dotándole de una reserva alcalina protectora que alarga su vida útil como mínimo en un ratio de entre tres y cinco veces. Tras más de 20 años de trabajo, Bookkeeper ha sido evaluado por numerosos estudios independientes internacionales que lo avalan como un proceso eficaz y seguro para los materiales tratados, los seres humanos y el medioambiente.Tópico 5: Conservación y restauración de bienes muebles y piezas (documentos de archivos, pinturas, cueros, maderas, textiles, metales, rocas ornamentales, vitrales, etc.)

The virtual tour of the architectural artistic heritage as an educational resource in the subjects of graphic expression

Este artículo plantea las posibilidades que ofrece el uso de la visita virtual del patrimonio artístico arquitectónico como recurso educativo en las asignaturas de Expresión Gráfica. Pone de manifiesto el protagonismo que han adquirido las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el ámbito educativo, y el cambio que ha significado, en la representación de la realidad, la aparición de nuevas herramientas de software, que permiten un grado de fidelidad y de realismo ciertamente impactante. Al limitarse la propuesta docente que aquí se hace al patrimonio artístico arquitectónico, solo se analizan las potencialidades educativas de dos tipos de visitas virtuales: la visita virtual de las representaciones del patrimonio existente y la visita de las reconstrucciones virtuales del patrimonio desaparecido

Pensión de viudedad en supuestos de separación y divorcio: interpretación del artículo 174 tras la reforma de la Ley 40/2007, de 4 de diciembre

Gobierno de Aragó

Connectivity, neutral theories and the assessment of species vulnerability to global change in temperate estuaries

One of the main adaptation strategies to global change scenarios, aiming to preserve ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, is to maximise ecosystem resilience. The resilience of a species metapopulation can be improved by facilitating connectivity between local populations, which will prevent demographic stochasticity and inbreeding. The objective of this investigation is to estimate the degree of connectivity among estuarine species along the north-eastern Iberian coast, in order to assess community vulnerability to global change scenarios. To address this objective, two connectivity proxy types have been used based upon genetic and ecological drift processes: 1) DNA markers for the bivalve cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and seagrass Zostera noltei, and 2) the decrease in the number of species shared between two sites with geographic distance; neutral biodiversity theory predicts that dispersal limitation modulates this decrease, and this has been explored in estuarine plants and macroinvertebrates. Results indicate dispersal limitation for both saltmarsh plants and seagrass beds community and Z. noltei populations; this suggests they are especially vulnerable to expected climate changes on their habitats. In contrast, unstructured spatial pattern found in macroinvertebrate communities and in C. edule genetic populations in the area suggests that estuarine soft-bottom macroinvertebrates with planktonic larval dispersal strategies may have a high resilience capacity to moderate changes within their habitats. Our findings can help environmental managers to prioritise the most vulnerable species and habitats to be restored

Genomic Selection Signatures In Sheep From The Western Pyrenees

Background: The current large spectrum of sheep phenotypic diversity results from the combined product of sheep selection for different production traits such as wool, milk and meat, and its natural adaptation to new environments. In this study, we scanned the genome of 25 Sasi Ardi and 75 Latxa sheep from the Western Pyrenees for three types of regions under selection: (1) regions underlying local adaptation of Sasi Ardi semi-feral sheep, (2) regions related to a long traditional dairy selection pressure in Latxa sheep, and (3) regions experiencing the specific effect of the modern genetic improvement program established for the Latxa breed during the last three decades. Results: Thirty-two selected candidate regions including 147 annotated genes were detected by using three statistical parameters: pooled heterozygosity H, Tajima's D, and Wright's fixation index F-st. For Sasi Ardi sheep, chromosomes Ovis aries (OAR) 4, 6, and 22 showed the strongest signals and harbored several candidate genes related to energy metabolism and morphology (BBS9, ELOVL3 and LDB1), immunity (NFKB2), and reproduction (H2AFZ). The major genomic difference between Sasi Ardi and Latxa sheep was on OAR6, which is known to affect milk production, with highly selected regions around the ABCG2, SPP1, LAP3, NCAPG, LCORL, and MEPE genes in Latxa sheep. The effect of the modern genetic improvement program on Latxa sheep was also evident on OAR15, on which several olfactory genes are located. We also detected several genes involved in reproduction such as ESR1 and ZNF366 that were affected by this selection program. Conclusions: Natural and artificial selection have shaped the genome of both Sasi Ardi and Latxa sheep. Our results suggest that Sasi Ardi traits related to energy metabolism, morphological, reproductive, and immunological features have been under positive selection to adapt this semi-feral sheep to its particular environment. The highly selected Latxa sheep for dairy production showed clear signatures of selection in genomic regions related to milk production. Furthermore, our data indicate that the selection criteria applied in the modern genetic improvement program affect immunity and reproduction traits.The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and the Conservatoire des Races d'Aquitaine (US13/29

Environmental Policy Implementation and Electoral Institutions in Germany and Japan

In an era when attention to reconstruction and preservation of the environment is crucial, this thesis looks at the effect that electoral institutions have on attention paid to the environmental policy issue dimension. Specifically, it looks at party manifestos and policies in post-1980 Germany and Japan to determine if specific electoral structures, such as the number of parties in a system, correlates with a greater amount of either attention paid to environmental policy in party platforms or in the actual passing of policy. It finds that though both Germany and Japan employ multi-member proportional systems, the greater number of parties with proportionally larger shares of seats in Germany alongside its environmentally-dedicated Green party incentivized its ‘winning’ parties to pay attention to ecological policy. Conversely, in Japan, the Liberal Democratic Party’s power left it up to smaller parties to bring the environmental conversation to the table

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN SIMPLE PLAN’S ALBUM NO PADS, NO HELMETS … JUST A BALLS: SEMANTICS AND SEMIOTICS STUDY

This article purposed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of figurative language found in the lyrics of Simple Plan's album "No Pads, No Helmets... Just Balls," as well as to explore its semiotic implications. The background of this research is rooted in the recognition that popular music lyrics are not only artistic expressions but also complex linguistic constructions that reflect broader cultural and emotional narratives. Despite the widespread influence of popular music, systematic studies combining figurative language analysis with semiotic interpretation remain limited, particularly in contemporary pop-punk genres. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, focusing on an in-depth examination of five selected songs from the album. The analysis is grounded in Leech's (1981) theory of figurative language, which categorizes various forms of figurative expressions, and Barthes' (1977) theory of semiotics, which delves into the relationship between signs and meanings. The findings of this study reveal that the lyrics utilize five distinct types of figurative language: metaphor, personification, hyperbole, simile, and alliteration. Each of these elements plays a crucial role in enhancing the lyrical content, contributing to the overall impact of the songs. This research underscores the idea that figurative language serves not only as a tool for variation in expression but also as a powerful means to convey complex emotions and to establish a specific atmosphere within the music. Furthermore, the semiotic analysis indicates that the lyrics predominantly convey connotative meanings, which add layers of significance for the reader or listener. These connotations enrich the understanding of the songs, allowing for a deeper emotional connection and interpretation. By examining the interplay between figurative language and semiotics, this study contributes scientifically to the fields of linguistics, literary studies, and cultural semiotics. It expands understanding of how linguistic creativity in music can shape emotional resonance and cultural meaning, offering new perspectives on the analysis of language in popular media. In addition, the interplay between figurative language and semiotics contributes to a greater appreciation of how Simple Plan's lyrics resonate with audiences, highlighting the intricate ways in which language can evoke feelings and create meaning in the context of popular music. Keywords: figurative language, lyric analysis, popular music, simple plan, semiotic