Ofiostomatoidne glive (Ascomycota: Ophiostomataceae) na podlubnikih in njihov možni gospodarski vpliv na gozdove in lesno proizvodnjo

Ophiostomatoid fungi are commercially and economically important group of fungi in forestry and timber production. This group is represented by several genera of Ascomycetes with common morphological characteristics, although withdistinct taxonomy and phylogeny. Several genera of ophiostomatoid fungi have been considered synonymous solely based on morphological similarities as a result of an adaptation to insect dispersal. Ophiostomatoid fungi cause considerable economic losses in the forestry and timber production due to sap stain and vascular wilt diseases. The threat of introduced ophiostomatoid fungi is increasing with the global timber trade and loose control measurements. An overview of the taxonomy, ecology, concept of association (mutualism/symbiosis) and the economic importance of ophiostomatoid fungi are provided.Ofiostomatoidne glive so komercialno in gospodarsko pomembna skupina gliv za gozdarstvo in za proizvodnjo lesa. To skupino predstavlja več rodov Ascomycetes, ki imajo veliko enakih morfoloških značilnosti, vendar različno taksonomijo in filogenijo. Več rodov ofiostomatoidnih gliv je bilo štetih kot sinonim na podlagi morfološke podobnosti, ki je rezultat prilagoditve vektorskemu raznosu. Ofiostomatoidne glive povzročajo velike gospodarske izgube v gozdarstvu in lesni proizvodnji, ker povzročajo obarvanje beljave in bolezni prevodnih elementov dreves. Nevarnost vnosa ofiostomatoidnih gliv se veča z globalno trgovino z lesom in z ohlapnimi ukrepi nadzora trgovine. Prikazana sta pregled taksonomije, ekologije, koncept asociacije (mutualizem /simbioza) in gospodarska pomembnost ofiostomatoidnih gliv

Ophiostomatoid fungi (Ascomycota: Ophiostomataceae) associated with bark beetles and their possible economic impact in forests and timber production

Ophiostomatoid fungi are commercially and economically important group of fungi in forestry and timber production. This group is represented by several genera of Ascomycetes with common morphological characteristics, although withdistinct taxonomy and phylogeny. Several genera of ophiostomatoid fungi have been considered synonymous solely based on morphological similarities as a result of an adaptation to insect dispersal. Ophiostomatoid fungi cause considerable economic losses in the forestry and timber production due to sap stain and vascular wilt diseases. The threat of introduced ophiostomatoid fungi is increasing with the global timber trade and loose control measurements. An overview of the taxonomy, ecology, concept of association (mutualism/symbiosis) and the economic importance of ophiostomatoid fungi are provided

Soils in the Slovenian educational system

There is a considerable amount of confusion in the topics regarding soils on all levels of Slovenian education. The fundamental problem is the naming for soil itself. Several different names appear for soil that deal with more or less the same natural phenomenon. Other problems include lack of official Slovenian soil classification, sometimes out of date soil topics in primary and secondary school, inexpert use of soil names for soil types of the World, none existing special soil studies. There are a lot of existing initiatives to improve the current state, but the differences among soil scientists are impeding the process

Flip Flops Design in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Technology: Towards Digitization

Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a transistor-less technology. In QCA, Columbic repulsion between electrons in the quantum dots makes data transfer possible. This paper presents the design of flip flops using a proposed Rotated-Normal Cells with Displacement (RND) inverter and a cell interaction method. The SR latch, SR Flip Flop (FF), D FF, and T FF are developed using QCA. The proposed D FF gives total and average energy dissipation of 1.31e-002eV and 1.19e-003eV respectively. It also gives a delay of 1 clock phase.  The Proposed T FF provides total and average energy dissipation of 2.40e-002eV and 2.18e-003eV respectively, depicting efficient D FF and T FF in energy dissipation. The proposed SR Flip flop design gives an efficient area. The FFs with the proposed RND inverter and cell interaction method can be the best choice for future Nano communication to construct Nano circuits with less energy dissipation and high speed

Post-fire succession: Selected examples from the Karst region, southwest Slovenia

Forests in Submediterranean Slovenia are threatened by wildfires every year. The article presents the main characteristics of post-fire regeneration in the Karst area. The rate of succession was studied by comparing two burned sites with different periods after the last fire. Field plant sampling was used to determine the plant cover and species composition on each site. Vegetation characteristics were contrasted with nearby unburned sites. We found that the plant species composition of burned areas is similar to that of areas unaffected by wildfire, and that the monitored site has been colonised by specific pioneer plant species five years after the wildfire

Vinova loza i vinogradarstvo Krasa (Slovenija)

Vine in the Slovene Kras (Karst) region is unique due to the specific geologic, climatic, geomorphologic and soil conditions. Small sized villages with low number of inhabitants are typical for the area as well as fragmented land units. The percentage of the active population in agricultural sector is continuously decreasing. With the land use data for years 1961, 1994 and 2000 we studied the changes in land use by land register units in the area. Abandonment of arable land and its grass overgrowing, insufficient vineyard renewal, abandonment of cattle breeding and forest overgrowing are the biggest threats to the vine growth in the area. Due to forest overgrowing the local wind called "burja" is weaker and less frequent which leads to higher relative air moisture. The last mentioned fact is of the most important ones, because the local vine is very sensitive to high air moisture conditions which cause different kinds of plant diseases. The renewal of the vineyards in the Karst area is insufficient to maintain the present situation. In the last few years local farmers have been trying to protect the local wine called "Teran" as a regional specialty.Vinova loza na Krasu uspijeva zbog posebnih geoloških, klimatskih i geomorfoloških te pedoloških prilika. Za to područje karakteristična su sela s malim brojem stanovnika, usitnjenim zemljišnim posjedima i stalnim smanjivanjem udjela zaposlenih u primarnom sektoru. Na osnovi podataka za godine 1991., 1994. i 2000. utvrdili smo stanje i promjene u upotrebi parcela u katastarskim općinama na istraživanom području. Napuštanje obradivih površina i njihovo ozelenjivanje, nedostatno obnavljanje vinograda, odbacivanje ispaše, zarašćivanje pašnjaka, a s time nezaustavljivo širenje šumskih površina, predstavlja najveću prijetnju vinovoj lozi na Krasu. Upravo širenje šumskih površina smanjuje također čestinu i snagu bure, što se odražava u većoj relativnoj vlazi, pa je tako loza refošk najviše pogođena budući da je osobito osjetljiva na plijesan. Vinograde na Krasu ne obnavljaju u dovoljnoj mjeri da bi se održalo barem postojeće stanje. Već neko vrijeme pokušavaju kraški vinogradari zaštititi vino teran kao regionalnu posebitost slovenskog Krasa

Fizičko-geografski uvjeti za rast vinove loze na području Krasa, Slovenija

The paper presents the results of research that focused on dependence of vine growth to physical geographical conditions in the research area of Karst region - geologic, geomorphologic, climatic and soil conditions. Among the conditions the biggest impacts are climatic and soil conditions. We have found that in the case of the research area the geologic conditions are as important as climatic and soil conditions. Vine growth is best in the middle part of the research area, between the villages of Tomaj, Dutovlje in Križ and also in the area of Avber and Komen where specific geological formations cause the better soil quality.U radu su predstavljeni rezultati istraživanja utjecaja fizičko-geografskih čimbenika (geološka građa, reljef, klima i pedologija) na rast vinove loze. Uz klimu i tlo, kao najvažnije čimbenike za rast vinove loze, istraživanjima je ustanovljeno da na području Krasa jednako značenje ima i geološka podloga. Vinova loza najbolje uspijeva na središnjem dijelu proučavanoga područja, i to između Tomaja, Dutovlja i Križa te u okolici Avbera i Komna, gdje su specifične geološke osobine pogodovale i nastanku kvalitetnijih tala

Kartiranje lokalnih podnebnih območij Ljubljane: Dvojni metodološki pristop

The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) framework was introduced to facilitate standardised research in the field of urban climate and other related scientific disciplines. This study presents the LCZ classification of Ljubljana, employing two methods: Cellular Automata and WUDAPT. Their effectiveness was evaluated by explaining spatial variations in land surface temperature and canopy urban heat islands, as well as through expert judgement. The results of the WUDAPT method are considered more representative, thus providing a robust foundation for future urban climate research.Sistem lokalnih podnebnih območij (LPO) je bil zasnovan za omogočanje standardiziranega raziskovalnega pristopa na področju mestne klimatologije in sorodnih znanstvenih disciplin. V tej študiji je predstavljena klasifikacija LPO Ljubljane, za kar sta bili uporabljeni metodi celičnega avtomata in WUDAPT. Ustreznost klasifikacij je bila ovrednotena glede na zmožnost identifikacije prostorskih razlik v temperaturi površja in prizemnega mestnega toplotnega otoka ter s strokovno presojo. Klasifikacija metode WUDAPT velja za bolj reprezentativno in predstavlja podlago za nadaljnje podnebne študije Ljubljane