Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Exploring Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Session 1. Presenter: Stella M. Resko, Ph.D., The Ohio State University (2007) - "Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Exploring Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender".The Ohio State University College of Social Wor

A randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a brief cannabis universal prevention program among adolescents in primary care

Aims To examine the efficacy of a brief intervention delivered by a therapist ( TBI ) or a computer ( CBI ) in preventing cannabis use among adolescents in urban primary care clinics. Design A randomized controlled trial comparing: CBI and TBI versus control. Setting Urban primary care clinics in the U nited S tates. Participants Research staff recruited 714 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) who reported no life‐time cannabis use on a screening survey for this study, which included a baseline survey, randomization (stratified by gender and grade) to conditions (control; CBI ; TBI ) and 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month assessments. Measurements Using an intent‐to‐treat approach, primary outcomes were cannabis use (any, frequency); secondary outcomes included frequency of other drug use, severity of alcohol use and frequency of delinquency (among 85% completing follow‐ups). Findings Compared with controls, CBI participants had significantly lower rates of any cannabis use over 12 months (24.16%, 16.82%, respectively, P  < 0.05), frequency of cannabis use at 3 and 6 months ( P  < 0.05) and other drug use at 3 months ( P  < 0.01). Compared with controls, TBI participants did not differ in cannabis use or frequency, but had significantly less other drug use at 3 months ( P  < 0.05), alcohol use at 6 months ( P  < 0.01) and delinquency at 3 months ( P  < 0.01). Conclusions Among adolescents in urban primary care in the U nited S tates, a computer brief intervention appeared to prevent and reduce cannabis use. Both computer and therapist delivered brief interventions appeared to have small effects in reducing other risk behaviors, but these dissipated over time.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106949/1/add12469.pd

Stress, anxiety and uncertainty in EMS provider during COVID-19 - an exploratory study

Introduction: EMS providers played a crucial role in the frontline response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Facing challenges and despite their critical role, EMS providers are not given the attention they deserve in research and practical applications. This study examined the early psychological impact of the pandemic on EMS providers. The study assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on EMS providers, exploring relationships between workplace stressors, COVID-specific variables, and psychological distress. Findings inform strategies for supporting EMS providers\u27 mental health. Methods: Data collection, during the early pandemic, involved online recruitment and surveys that included psychological scales, demographics, and COVID-specific variables. Findings: 34 EMS providers from the New York Metro area, mostly working full-time in private agencies, noted significant impacts of COVID-19 on both providers and their workspaces. Although perceived risk and inadequacy of personal protective equipment were noted, the primary COVID-specific variable affecting psychological outcomes was moderate. Psychological measures showed low to moderate distress, mild anxiety (higher in women), and low to moderate perceived stress. Stress correlated with work-related stressors and lower workplace satisfaction. Moderate uncertainty is linked to specific work challenges, while low PTSD scores are associated with poor work culture satisfaction, lack of flexibility, and negative work attitudes. Conclusion: This study challenges assumptions of high stress, anxiety, and PTSD in EMS providers during the early COVID-19 response. Workplace variables, not COVID-specific factors, are more linked to negative psychological symptoms. Recognizing and addressing EMS providers\u27 mental health needs during high-stress events is crucial, emphasizing the role of general workspace issues

Affected Family Members\u27 Communicative Management of Opioid Misuse Stigma: Applying and Rethinking the Stigma Management Communication Typology

Opioid misuse is a prevalent health problem in the United States with consequences extending past the person who misuses opioids to affected family members (AFM) through courtesy stigma. The goals of this study were to understand the stigma management communication (SMC) strategies employed by AFMs when they experience courtesy stigma and changes in strategies used over time. The findings from interviews with 34 AFMs suggest the SMC strategies they employ range from those that indicate acceptance of stigma and avoidance of stigma situations to strategies where AFMs actively challenge opioid misuse stigma. However, strategy use depended on the social context and AFMs’ perceptions of opioid misuse stigma at a given moment in time. Further, findings suggest changes in AFMs’ SMC strategies over time are related to changes in their perceptions of opioid misuse stigma. Theoretical and practical implications of how families manage stigma are discussed

Understanding risky behavior : the influence of cognitive, emotional and hormonal factors on decision-making under risk

Financial risky decisions and evaluations pervade many human everyday activities. Scientific research in such decision-making typically explores the influence of socio-economic and cognitive factors on financial behavior. However, very little research has explored the holistic influence of contextual, emotional, and hormonal factors on preferences for risk in insurance and investment behaviors. Accordingly, the goal of this review article is to address the complexity of individual risky behavior and its underlying psychological factors, as well as to critically examine current regulations on financial behavior

Alcohol Availability and Violence among Inner‐City Adolescents: A Multi‐Level Analysis of the Role of Alcohol Outlet Density

Researchers recognize that the connection between alcohol and peer violence may relate to community level ecological factors, such as the location of businesses that sell alcohol. Building on previous research among adults, this study examines the relationship between alcohol outlet density and violent behaviors among adolescents, taking into account demographic characteristics, individual alcohol use, and neighborhood level socioeconomic indicators. Data drawn from a diverse Emergency Department based sample of 1,050 urban adolescents, combined with tract level data from the state liquor control commission and U.S. Census, were analyzed. Results of multivariate multi‐level regression analysis indicate that alcohol outlet density is significantly related to adolescents' violent behaviors, controlling for demographic characteristics and individual alcohol use. Census tract level socioeconomic indicators were not significantly associated with youth violence. Findings suggest that alcohol outlet density regulation should be considered as part of broader violence prevention strategies for urban adolescents.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117032/1/ajcp9353.pd

Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity: University of Michigan Addiction Research Center (UMARC)- development, evolution, direction

A historical summary is provided of the evolution of the University of Michigan Addiction Research Center (UMARC)since its origins in 1988. Begun as an National Institutes of Health (NIH) research center within a Department of Psychiatry and focused solely upon alcohol and aging, early work emphasized treatment efficacy, differential outcome studies and characterization of the neurophysiological and behavioral manifestations of chronic alcoholism. Over the last 15 years, UMARC has extended its research focus along a number of dimensions: its developmental reach has been extended etiologically by studies of risk early in the life span, and by way of work on earlier screening and the development of early, brief treatment interventions. The addiction focus has expanded to include other drugs of abuse. Levels of analysis have also broadened, with work on the molecular genetics and brain neurophysiology underlying addictive processes, on one hand, and examination of the role of the social environment in long-termcourse of disorder on the other hand. Activities have been facilitated by several research training programs and by collaborative relationships with other universities around the United States and in Poland. Since 2002, a program for research infrastructure development and collaboration has been ongoing, initially with Poland and more recently with Ukraine, Latvia and Slovakia. A blueprint for the future includes expanded characterization of the neurobiology and genetics of addictive processes, the developmental environment, as well as programmatic work to address the public health implications of our ability to identify risk for disorder very early in life.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65130/1/UM 50, Zucker 2010, Addiction UMARCtr 2010.pd