Kaolin und Löschkalk gegen Drosophila suzukii in Kirschhalb- und Hochstammbäumen

Der Druck durch D. suzukii auf die Kirschhalb- und Hochstammbäume war wegen der anhaltenden Trockenheit während der gesamten Versuchsperiode tief. In den Monitoringfallen in den Kirschbäumen wurden aber stets Kirschessigfliegen gefangen. In den Kirschen der unbehandelten Kontrolle hatte es eine signifikant höhere Eiablage als in den mit Kaolin behandelten Kirschen, nicht aber als in den mit Löschkalk behandelten Kirschen. Auf einem der beiden mit Löschkalk behandelten Betriebe wirkte Löschkalk aber dennoch reduzierend auf die Eiablage. Viele Einstichstellen hatten verkorkte Ränder und die Früchte zeigten keinen Verfall. Die Einstiche konnten aber D. suzukii zugeordnet werden. Bei im Labor exponierten Kirschen zeigte sich, dass die Stärke des Kaolin-Belages auf den Früchten entscheidend für die Wirksamkeit ist. Die Versuche mit Kaolin und Löschkalk in Kirschhalb- und Hochstammbäumen müssen bei feuchteren Witterungsbedingungen und damit höherem Schädlingsdruck wiederholt werden, um abschliessende Aussagen zur Wirksamkeit zu treffen. Kaolin verringerte ebenfalls den Befall der Kirschenfliege R. cerasi. Eine kombinierte Behandlung beider Schädlinge wäre in Zukunft sicher wünschenswert, die optimalen Behandlungszeitpunkte und die Wirksamkeit müssen aber in weiterführenden Studien untersucht werden

Note sur deux Cortinaires recoltés dans le centre de la France

Notes sobre dos Cortinarius trobats en el centre de França. S'aporten descripcions i comentaris sobre dues espècies de Cortinarius recol·lectades en el centre de França: C. ornithopus Hry. i un taxon proper a C. miraculosus que es descriu en el present article amb el nom provisional de C. submiraculosus.Note on two Cortinarius growing in the center of France. A description and a discussion are given concerning two species of Cortinarius growing in the center of France: C. ornithopus Hry. and a taxon in a neighbourhood of C. miraculosus Melat, described here, under the provisional name C. submiraculosus

Interview de Bernard Reumaux

Interview de Bernard Reumaux, ancien journaliste, directeur des Editions La Nuée Bleue et rédacteur en chef de la revue Saisons d’Alsace. Q. Bernard Reumaux, vous avez été longtemps journaliste dans un grand quotidien régional. On associe souvent la liberté de la presse à sa pluralité. Or on constate en Alsace que chacun des deux grands quotidiens, l’Alsace et les Dernières nouvelles d’Alsace, est en situation de monopole dans les zones géographiques qu’ils couvrent respectivement. Cette situ..

Novel insights into the aetiology of granulomatosis with polyangiitis—a case–control study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Objectives We aimed to provide insights into the aetiology of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), by conducting a large case–control study using a general population-based, prospectively collected database of healthcare records. Methods We compared all incident cases of GPA in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink 1990–2014, with up to 10 age-, sex- and general practice-matched controls. We identified potential risk factors, recorded numbers of cases and controls exposed to each, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) using conditional logistic regression. Our main analysis excluded data recorded during 1 year before diagnosis, to prevent early symptoms being mistaken for risk factors. Results We identified 757 people with GPA and matched 7546 controls. People with GPA were five times more likely to have a previous diagnosis of bronchiectasis (OR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.7, 9.4; P 5 years prior to diagnosis. People with GPA were two to three times more likely than controls to have previous diagnoses of autoimmune diseases or chronic renal impairment, and these effects also remained stable >5 years prior to diagnosis. People with GPA were more likely to have a diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis (OR = 5.7, 95% CI: 1.7, 19.5; P = 0.01) and sinus infections (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8, 4.2; P < 0.0001) recorded in the 3 years before diagnosis, but not before this. We also found former smoking, some medications and higher socio-economic status significantly, but less strongly, associated. Conclusion We found novel long-term associations between GPA and pre-existing bronchiectasis and autoimmune diseases

Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) data allows identification of crop sequence patterns and diversity in organic and conventional farming systems.

International audienceFarmers grow crops in specific sequences to lower disease pressure and boost crop productivity, particularly in organic farming where artificial pesticides and chemical fertilisers are prohibited. Knowledge about crop sequences used in organic and conventional farming will aid the development of future farming systems through optimising crop diversity and pre-crop effects for improved resource efficiency. This study aims to investigate crop diversity and patterns in organic and conventional crop sequences in Sweden. Large-scale LPIS field data managed by the European Union (EU) Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) were used to monitor crop sequences on arable land in Sweden over 10 consecutive years (2005-2014). Individual fields (land parcels) could be followed on 40% of Sweden's total arable area (349,891 fields extracted) over the 10 years. The LPIS data was combined with information from a database on which fields were farmed organically. Crop distribution, diversity of crop sequences and pre-crops to the main cereal crops (winter wheat, spring barley) were analysed in organic and conventional farming systems in the five agricultural productivity zones of Sweden. The results showed that in the most productive zone in southernmost Sweden, small-grain cereals (particularly winter wheat) were the most common crops (62%), followed by oilseeds (11%), ley and forage crops (9%) and sugar beet (8%), when excluding permanent grassland. In the least productive zone (at higher altitudes and/or latitudes), ley and forage crops dominated (67%), followed by spring cereals (barley, oats) (23%). Crop diversity was higher in the two more productive zones (mean 4.6 crop types) than in two less productive zones (3.4) and organic farms showed 9% higher crop diversity than conventional farms in the most productive zones. Overall, in all zones, the pre-crop to winter wheat was generally a different crop type (3 out of 5 times) e.g., young ley (1-2 years) or grain legume, while the pre-crop to spring barley was most often (4 out of 5 times) another cereal. For both these crops, pre-crop type was more diverse in organic than conventional systems. These findings demonstrate that LPIS data can offer valuable insights into agronomic trends and on-farm practices regarding crop choice and that analysis of field-level LPIS data on crop sequences at large scale can reveal information about organic and conventional cropping in different productivity zones across countries. This information can be used to understand the practical limitations in the use of crop diversity to maximise pre-crop effects. This could in turn support advisory service and policy makers to facilitate more sustainable, productive and resource efficient crop production

Individual and environmental determinants associated with longer times to access pediatric rheumatology centers for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a JIR cohort study.

Despite guidelines, poor access to appropriate care for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients remains a global issue. Prompt referral to a pediatric rheumatology (PR) center and effective care is known to be critical for changing the natural history of the disease and improving long-term prognosis. This project assesses socio-economic factors of delayed referral to a pediatric rheumatologist (PRst) for JIA patients in France and Switzerland within the Juvenile Inflammatory Rheumatism (JIR) Cohort. All patients diagnosed with JIA, presenting at one center of the JIRcohort in France or Switzerland with additional data on referral pathway were included. Patient characteristics at first visit to the PR center, dates of visits to healthcare providers during referral, and parent characteristics were extracted from the JIRcohort database. Two hundred fifty children were included. The overall median time to first PR assessment was 2.4 months [1.3; 6.9] and ranged widely across the JIA subtypes, from 1.4 months [0.6; 3.8] for children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) to 5.3 months [2.0; 19.1] for children with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). A diagnosis of ERA and an appointment with an orthopedist during the referral pathway were significantly associated with a longer time before the first PR visit (hazard ratio HR 0.50 [95% CI: 0.29; 0.84]) and HR 0.68 [95% CI: 0.49; 0.93], respectively) in multivariable analysis. Having a mother with a post-graduate educational attainment level was tendentially associated with a shorter time before the first PR visit, (HR 1.32 [95% CI: 0.99; 1.78]). Time to first PRst visit was most often short compared to other studies and close to the British recommendations. However, this time remained too long for many patients. We observed no social inequities in access to a PRst, but we show the need to improve effective pathway and access to a PR center for JIA patients

Crystallization kinetics of polylactide : reactive plasticization and reprocessing effects

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