PENGAWASAN BAGI BADAN PENYELENGGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL (BPJS) KESEHATAN DILIHAT DARI HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA

Tujuan penelitian adalah Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan terkait badan penyelenggaraan jaminan sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan dan Untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem pengawasan bagi peserta badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial (BPJS) ditinjau dari perspektif hukum administrasi negara. kesimpulan yang didapat : Sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dalam Pasal 28 h ayat (1) yang menyebutkan bahwa “Setiap orang memiliki hak untuk hidup lahir dan batin, memiliki tempat tinggal dan mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang sehat dan layak serta memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan”. Selain itu, Pasal 34 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 juga menyebutkan bahwa “Negara bertanggung jawab atas penyediaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan fasilitas pelayanan umum yang layak”. Untuk mewujudkannya, pemerintah Indonesia membentuk Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional, sebagai bukti bahwa pemerintah memiliki komitmen yang besar untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial bagi seluruh rakyatnya. Pada tahun 2011 dikeluarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) sehingga dibentuknya BPJS untuk menggantikan PT. Askes (persero) yang sebelumnya menyelenggarakan jaminan sosial dan pelaksana program Jamkesmas. Badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial (BPJS) di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 Tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional, Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2011 Tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 85 Tahun 2013 mengenai Tata Cara Hubungan Antar Lembaga dan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial, Peraturan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2013 Tentang Jaminan Kesehatan.   Kata Kunci : Pengawasan, BPJS, Hukum Administrasi Negar

Some economic aspects of producing potatoes in Bangalore and Kolar Districts, Mysore State, India

1. To determine the cost of production and net returns from potatoes. 2. To analyze the efficiency factors contributing to increased yields. 3. To determine the labor requirements of the crop. 4. To direct the attention of researchers to the problems of potato farmers

Synthesis and biological evaluation of tetrahydropyridinepyrazoles ('PFPs') as inhibitors of STAT3 phosphorylation

The transcription factor STAT3 is constitutively overexpressed in many human tumors and hence represents a putative target for anticancer drug design. In this work, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel chemotype, pyridine-fused pyrazoles ('PFPs') as inhibitors of STAT3 phosphorylation. The effect of the compounds synthesized was evaluated in cell proliferation assays of MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines and two of the compounds tested (12g and 12k) were found to show significant activity. Both compounds were also found to inhibit the proliferation of Hep3B, HUH-7 and PLC/PRF5 HCC cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we established in a DNA binding assay that one of the compounds (12g) was able to significantly inhibit the DNA binding ability of STAT3. Cytotoxicity of 12g against PC3 cells, which do not constitutively phosphorylate STAT3, was found to be minimal, hence lending further support for our mode-of-action hypothesis of this compound. We established for this structure a complete inhibition of CXCL12-induced cell invasion and associated wound healing in HCCLM3 cells, corroborating the proposed modulation of the STAT3 axis by 12g. Finally, molecular modeling was employed to evaluate the hypothesis of PFPs to bind to the SH2 domain of STAT3. Given the efficacy of PFPs in the biological systems studied here we propose their further evaluation in the context of STAT3-mediated cancer therapy

A Toolkit for bulk PCR-based marker design from next-generation sequence data: application for development of a framework linkage map in bulb onion (Allium cepa L.)

BACKGROUND: Although modern sequencing technologies permit the ready detection of numerous DNA sequence variants in any organisms, converting such information to PCR-based genetic markers is hampered by a lack of simple, scalable tools. Onion is an example of an under-researched crop with a complex, heterozygous genome where genome-based research has previously been hindered by limited sequence resources and genetic markers. RESULTS: We report the development of generic tools for large-scale web-based PCR-based marker design in the Galaxy bioinformatics framework, and their application for development of next-generation genetics resources in a wide cross of bulb onion (Allium cepa L.). Transcriptome sequence resources were developed for the homozygous doubled-haploid bulb onion line ‘CUDH2150’ and the genetically distant Indian landrace ‘Nasik Red’, using 454™ sequencing of normalised cDNA libraries of leaf and shoot. Read mapping of ‘Nasik Red’ reads onto ‘CUDH2150’ assemblies revealed 16836 indel and SNP polymorphisms that were mined for portable PCR-based marker development. Tools for detection of restriction polymorphisms and primer set design were developed in BioPython and adapted for use in the Galaxy workflow environment, enabling large-scale and targeted assay design. Using PCR-based markers designed with these tools, a framework genetic linkage map of over 800cM spanning all chromosomes was developed in a subset of 93 F(2) progeny from a very large F(2) family developed from the ‘Nasik Red’ x ‘CUDH2150’ inter-cross. The utility of tools and genetic resources developed was tested by designing markers to transcription factor-like polymorphic sequences. Bin mapping these markers using a subset of 10 progeny confirmed the ability to place markers within 10 cM bins, enabling increased efficiency in marker assignment and targeted map refinement. The major genetic loci conditioning red bulb colour (R) and fructan content (Frc) were located on this map by QTL analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The generic tools developed for the Galaxy environment enable rapid development of sets of PCR assays targeting sequence variants identified from Illumina and 454 sequence data. They enable non-specialist users to validate and exploit large volumes of next-generation sequence data using basic equipment

Influence of micro boron carbide particles on microstructure, mechanical properties, and dry sliding wear properties of an aluminium Al2214-B4C metal matrix composite

In this experimental research, an attempt is made to develop Al2214-B4C composite materials with reinforcement of micro boron carbide (B4C) (viz. 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 wt.%) by using a novel liquid metallurgical stir casting technique with modified bottom pouring facilities and studying the microstructure, physical, mechanical, and dry sliding wear resistance responses. The microstructure of Al2214-B4C composite samples with varied boron carbide weight percentages was examined under an electronic scanning microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) device. The physical characteristics like density and porosity, mechanical strength, such as micro and macro hardness, yield and ultimate tensile strength, and sliding wear response were examined under variable experimental conditions. The experimental results of the Al2214-B4C composite revealed a decreased specific density with an increased weight percentage of boron carbide particles in the matrix and a homogeneous distribution of reinforced micro boron carbide particles in the Al2214 matrix. There was an appreciable improvement in mechanical properties and wear properties in composite materials as compared to an unreinforced aluminium alloy

A new partial image encryption method for document images using variance based quad tree decomposition

The proposed method partially and completely encrypts the gray scale Document images. The complete image encryption is also performed to compare the performance with the existing encryption methods. The partial encryption is carried out by segmenting the image using the Quad-tree decomposition method based on the variance of the image block. The image blocks with uniform pixel levels are considered insignificant blocks and others the significant blocks. The pixels in the significant blocks are permuted by using 1D Skew tent chaotic map. The partially encrypted image blocks are further permuted using 2D Henon map to increase the security level and fed as input to complete encryption. The complete encryption is carried out by diffusing the partially encrypted image. Two levels of diffusion are performed. The first level simply modifies the pixels in the partially encrypted image with the Bernoulli’s chaotic map. The second level establishes the interdependency between rows and columns of the first level diffused image. The experiment is conducted for both partial and complete image encryption on the Document images. The proposed scheme yields better results for both partial and complete encryption on Speed, statistical and dynamical attacks. The results ensure better security when compared to existing encryption schemes

Adverse drug reaction monitoring of antitubercular drugs at tertiary care medical college hospital: prospective study

Background: To study the socio-demographic profile of patients receiving DOTS and to estimate the prevalence of adverse drug reaction and casualty in patients receiving DOTS.Methods: This is a self reporting prospective study , trained personnel instructed patients about treatment and possible adverse drug reaction and patient telephone number was noted and pamphlet with information about possible ADR’S and containing contact number of the staff in-charge was distributed among the patients and they were instructed to contact staff if any mild or severe ADR’S was noticed and also staff in-charge himself contacted patients regularly for update of neglected ADR’S and noted information was tabulated ,analyzed using and frequency table with percentage and chi-square test of significance was calculated and causality was assessed using Noranjo scale and severity using modified Hartwig and Siegal scale.Results: The commonest ADRs received were gastritis in 32 (20%) patients, followed by myalgia in 25 (15.6%) and fatigue in 21(13.12%) patients. Major adverse events included chest pain, joint pain, edema, blurring of vision and mental depression. It was surprising that none of the patients reported with any untoward skin reactions. In a small sample of 64 subjects, 160 ADRs were noted and among the ADRs there by received, the statistically significant value obtained was only with that of gastritis (p= 0.025).Conclusions: Incidence of fatal ADR’s in DOTS is none with extremely low incidence of severe ADR’s with only mild to moderate ADR’S reported DOTS is relatively safe in treatment of tuberculosis

Aggressive angiomyxoma of uterine corpus

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare slow growing mesenchymal tumour that preferentially involves the vulvovaginal, pelvic or perineal regions. It is called aggressive due its frequent local recurrences and infiltrative behavior. They occur most commonly in the reproductive age group in women. A 37 year old with AA of endometrial polyp, presenting with acute pain abdomen and friable, fleshy mass protruding out of introitus, precipitated by a dilatation and curettage for heavy menstrual bleeding. A clinical diagnosis of fibroid polyp with acute red degeneration was considered. There was a spontaneous expulsion of fleshy mass. HPE showed AA with features of torsion. MRI showed T2 heterogenous hyperintense mass lesion of 9 x 3 x 3.9 cm pedunculated polypoidal arising from upper anterior uterine wall. Hysterectomy specimen confirmed HPE findings of AA. Radiological studies and pathological evaluation aids in the diagnosis and planning of appropriate treatment of AA. Close and long term follow up of these patients should be emphasized due to high rate of local recurrence

Determinants of Post - partum contraception practices in urban slums of central Karnataka, India

Background: The largest proportion of women with an unmet need for contraception is found among those in their first year after childbirth; concentrating efforts to reduce unmet need among these women could have additionally bigger impact on increasing contraceptive use than concentrating on any other group. Aims & Objectives: To know the knowledge & practices of post – partum contraception among mothers in urban slums. Material & Methods: Cross sectional study conducted in urban slums for duration of six months. Study population included mothers in extended post – partum period residing in urban slums. Mothers were interviewed using pre – tested, semi – structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS v 22.0 and, chi square test and logistic regression analysis was employed. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of the mothers in our study were in the age group of 20-24 years (46%). Mean age was 21.6 ± 3.1years. Majority of the mothers (56%) were Hindus. Mean age of marriage observed was 18.2±2.1years. In the present study, majority (76%) had knowledge of post – partum contraceptive methods, but only 17% of the mothers were using contraception. Unmet need for post – partum contraception was found among 49% of mothers. Conclusions: Inspite of being aware, the practice of family planning was very low among post-partum mothers. The study highlights the impact of socio cultural factors like religion, caste, number of living children, duration of marriage and ANC service utilization on post – partum contraception usage among mothers