AN INVESTIGATION ON THE SCHOOL INTEGRATION IN ITALY: MAINSTREAM AND SPECIAL TEACHERS’ POINT OF VIEW, AND SENSE OF LONELINESS IN DISABLED AND NOT DISABLED STUDENTS

The Italian scholastic system provides for disabled students a complete social and teaching integration in the classes of the public schools.The present study is focused on the evaluation of the quality of school integration in 36 classes of different schools in the district of Rome, Italy. The school integration of the disabled students was analyzed through the teachers’ evaluation; in each class it was also analyzed the sense of loneliness in the disabled and not disabled students.Results showed a good teachers’ evaluation of the integration process, and the students, disabled and not disabled, reported low scores in the sense of loneliness in their class, although a difference between the two groups was noticed.The present work re-affirm the need to monitor the quality of the school integration process, in order to find efficient quality indicators, and each possible improvement in usual procedures carried on in school systems concerning the disabled students integration

Síntomas depresivos e ideación suicida en estudiantes de medicina

Introduction: Depressive symptoms affect a large part of the world’s population as well as health professionals, especially medical students. These symptoms are also considered to be one of the risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts. To this end, this study aims to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among medical students at the university. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out using a proportional stratified sample of 257 participants. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze the data in the general sample, by gender and period, with a 95% CI. Results: Female students had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the first cycle of medical training. Final considerations: The importance of implementing strategies aimed at the prevention and promotion of student health in the final years of the medical course is highlighted.Introducción: Los síntomas depresivos afectan a una gran parte de la población mundial, así como a los profesionales de la salud, especialmente a los estudiantes de medicina. Estos síntomas también se consideran uno de los factores de riesgo de ideación e intento de suicidio. Para ello, este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos e ideación suicida entre los estudiantes de medicina de una Universidad. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con una muestra estratificada proporcional de 257 participantes. Se utilizaron análisis descriptivos para analizar los datos en la muestra general, por sexo y período, con un IC del 95%. Resultados: Las mujeres estudiantes presentaron una mayor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en el primer ciclo de formación médica. Consideraciones finales: Se destaca la importancia de implementar estrategias dirigidas a la prevención y promoción de la salud de los estudiantes en los últimos años de la carrera de medicina

Selenoether oxytocin analogues have analgesic properties in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain

Poor oral availability and susceptibility to reduction and protease degradation is a major hurdle in peptide drug development. However, drugable receptors in the gut present an attractive niche for peptide therapeutics. Here we demonstrate, in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain, that oxytocin receptors are significantly upregulated in nociceptors innervating the colon. Correspondingly, we develop chemical strategies to engineer non-reducible and therefore more stable oxytocin analogues. Chemoselective selenide macrocyclization yields stabilized analogues equipotent to native oxytocin. Ultra-high-field nuclear magnetic resonance structural analysis of native oxytocin and the seleno-oxytocin derivatives reveals that oxytocin has a pre-organized structure in solution, in marked contrast to earlier X-ray crystallography studies. Finally, we show that these seleno-oxytocin analogues potently inhibit colonic nociceptors both in vitro and in vivo in mice with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Our findings have potentially important implications for clinical use of oxytocin analogues and disulphide-rich peptides in general

Interhemispheric functional connectivity: an fMRI study in callosotomized patients

Introduction: Functional connectivity (FC) is defined in terms of temporal correlations between physiological signals, which mainly depend upon structural (axonal) connectivity; it is commonly studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Interhemispheric FC appears mostly supported by the corpus callosum (CC), although several studies investigating this aspect have not provided conclusive evidence. In this context, patients in whom the CC was resected for therapeutic reasons (split-brain patients) provide a unique opportunity for research into this issue. The present study was aimed at investigating with resting-state fMRI the interhemispheric FC in six epileptic patients who have undergone surgical resection of the CC. Methods: The analysis was performed using fMRI of the Brain Software Library; the evaluation of interhemispheric FC and the recognition of the resting-state networks (RSNs) were performed using probabilistic independent component analysis. Results: Generally, bilateral brain activation was often observed in primary sensory RSNs, while in the associative areas, such as those composing the default mode and fronto-parietal networks, the activation was often unilateral. Discussion: These results suggest that even in the absence of the CC, some interhemispheric communication is still present. This residual FC might be supported through extra-callosal pathways that are likely subcortical, making it possible for some interhemispheric integration. Further studies are needed to confirm these conclusions

RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE PARA PESSOAS VIVENDO COM HIV: INTEGRAÇÃO ENSINO E SERVIÇO

A educação em saúde e o acesso à informação são ferramentas estratégicas para a promoção do autocuidado de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Apesar dos grandes avanços científicos, sobretudo quanto ao uso da TARV, ainda existem desafios a serem enfrentados como o preconceito, o estigma e a desinformação da população. Nesse sentido, tal estratégia contribui com a adesão ao tratamento, por meio do esclarecimento de dúvidas a cerca da infecção pelo HIV. Trata-se de um relato de experiência referente às ações de educação em saúde realizadas em serviços especializados de saúde para o tratamento de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Os participantes do projeto foram capacitados e realizaram ações de educação em saúde, para abordar temas relacionados ao HIV/Aids e para o esclarecimento de dúvidas a respeito da terapia antirretroviral. Conclui-se que a integração dos serviços de saúde com as instituições de ensino se constitui com uma importante estratégia para o desenvolvimento de reflexões críticas acerca da temática, bem como para auxiliar nos cuidados direcionados às pessoas que vivem com HIV

Disclosure of cholesterol recognition motifs in transmembrane domains of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Cholesterol influences ion-channel function, distribution and clustering in the membrane, endocytosis, and exocytic sorting of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). We report the occurrence of a cholesterol recognition motif, here coined “CARC”, in the transmembrane regions of AChR subunits that bear extensive contact with the surrounding lipid, and are thus optimally suited to convey cholesterol-mediated signaling from the latter. Three cholesterol molecules could be docked on the transmembrane segments of each AChR subunit, rendering a total of 15 cholesterol molecules per AChR molecule. The CARC motifs contribute each with an energy of interaction between 35 and 52 kJ.mol−1, adding up to a total of about 200 kJ.mol−1 per receptor molecule, i.e. ∼40% of the lipid solvation free energy/ AChR molecule. The CARC motif is remarkably conserved along the phylogenetic scale, from prokaryotes to human, suggesting that it could be responsible for some of the above structural/functional properties of the AChR

The role of cholesterol metabolism and various steroid abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders : A hypothesis paper

© 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Síntese estendida: uma investigação histórico-filosófica

Currently several emerging issues are questioning the validity and scope of the current conceptual framework of evoluationary biology, known as Modern Synthesis, and expansions of this frame are being discussed, leading to a new conceptual framework called Extended Synthesis, since it seeks to expand rather than refute the Modern Synthesis. There discussions have also raised questions about the epistemology and the historical nature of evolutionary biology, in this sense we seek a theoretical framework that could philosophically the development of evolutionary ideas and theories in the history of biology as well as explain the current process of expandion of the Modern Synthesis. Thus, we performed a philosophical analysis of the history of the evolutionary biology through a Bachelardian referential, and we observed a progressive rationalism in this historical process, being consistent with the epistemological profile model proposed by Bachelard. After this analysis we seek to investigate how it could contribute to the teaching of evolution plays a central role both for biology and for his teaching, combining their different areas and giving them direction. Also the bachelardian theory of epistemological profiles has the unique ability to closely relate the historical and philosophical development of a concept to the psychological development of the same concept in it's teaching-learning process. We found that the teaching of evoluation has several problems such as - Teachers difficulties in dealing with religious conceptions of the students; Finalists and Teleological views of evolution brought by students and teachers as well; Fragmented teaching of biology content; Lack of theoretical bases for teachers to work with the history of science and to use evolution as an integrating axis; Strictly genecentric conception of biological evolution; Teaching of evolution restricted to Lamarck's and Darwin's ideas and opposition between them - Most...Atualmente diversas questões emergentes vêm questionando a validade e abrangência da atual moldura conceitual da biologia evolutiva, conhecida como Síntese Moderna, e expansãoes desta mesma moldura tem sido debatidas, levando a um novo quadro conceitual denominado Síntese Estendida, uma vez que prentende expandir ao invés de refutar a Síntese Moderna. Estas discussões também têm levantado questões acerca da epistemologia e da natureza histórica da biologia evolutiva, neste sentido buscamos um referencial teórico que pudesse interpretar epistemologicamente o desenvolvimento das idéias e teorias evolutivas e transformistas na história da biologia assim como explicitar o atual processo de expansão da teoria sintética da evolução. Desta forma realizamos uma análise filosóficada históra da biologia evolutiva por meio de um referencial bachelardiano e observamos um progressivo racionalismo na mesma, sendo condizente com o modelo de perfil epistemológico proposto por Bachelard. Após esta análise buscamos investigar como ela poderia contribuir para o ensino de evolução, uma vez que a evolução biológica desempenha um papel central tanto para a biologia quanto para seu ensino, articulando suas diferentes áreas e conferindo-lhes sentido. Tambéma a teoria dos perfis epistemológicos de Bachelard possui a capacidade sui generis de relacionar intimamente o desenvolvimento histórico-filosófico de um conceito com o desenvolvimento psicológico do mesmo conceito em seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Identificamos que o ensino de evolução possui diversos problemas como - Dificuldades dos professores em lidar com as concepções religiosas dos alunos; Visões finalistas e teleológicas da evolução tanto pelos alunos quanto pelos professores; Ensino fragmentado e estanque dos conteúdos de biologia; Falta de bases teóricas por parte dos professores para trabalhar a história da ciência e para se utilizar a evolução como...Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Accoppiamento del recettore per l'ossitocina a varie proteine G : identificazione di un composto selettivo per una singola via di trasduzione del segnale

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Síntese estendida: uma investigação histórico-filosófica

Currently several emerging issues are questioning the validity and scope of the current conceptual framework of evoluationary biology, known as Modern Synthesis, and expansions of this frame are being discussed, leading to a new conceptual framework called Extended Synthesis, since it seeks to expand rather than refute the Modern Synthesis. There discussions have also raised questions about the epistemology and the historical nature of evolutionary biology, in this sense we seek a theoretical framework that could philosophically the development of evolutionary ideas and theories in the history of biology as well as explain the current process of expandion of the Modern Synthesis. Thus, we performed a philosophical analysis of the history of the evolutionary biology through a Bachelardian referential, and we observed a progressive rationalism in this historical process, being consistent with the epistemological profile model proposed by Bachelard. After this analysis we seek to investigate how it could contribute to the teaching of evolution plays a central role both for biology and for his teaching, combining their different areas and giving them direction. Also the bachelardian theory of epistemological profiles has the unique ability to closely relate the historical and philosophical development of a concept to the psychological development of the same concept in it's teaching-learning process. We found that the teaching of evoluation has several problems such as - Teachers difficulties in dealing with religious conceptions of the students; Finalists and Teleological views of evolution brought by students and teachers as well; Fragmented teaching of biology content; Lack of theoretical bases for teachers to work with the history of science and to use evolution as an integrating axis; Strictly genecentric conception of biological evolution; Teaching of evolution restricted to Lamarck's and Darwin's ideas and opposition between them - Most...Atualmente diversas questões emergentes vêm questionando a validade e abrangência da atual moldura conceitual da biologia evolutiva, conhecida como Síntese Moderna, e expansãoes desta mesma moldura tem sido debatidas, levando a um novo quadro conceitual denominado Síntese Estendida, uma vez que prentende expandir ao invés de refutar a Síntese Moderna. Estas discussões também têm levantado questões acerca da epistemologia e da natureza histórica da biologia evolutiva, neste sentido buscamos um referencial teórico que pudesse interpretar epistemologicamente o desenvolvimento das idéias e teorias evolutivas e transformistas na história da biologia assim como explicitar o atual processo de expansão da teoria sintética da evolução. Desta forma realizamos uma análise filosóficada históra da biologia evolutiva por meio de um referencial bachelardiano e observamos um progressivo racionalismo na mesma, sendo condizente com o modelo de perfil epistemológico proposto por Bachelard. Após esta análise buscamos investigar como ela poderia contribuir para o ensino de evolução, uma vez que a evolução biológica desempenha um papel central tanto para a biologia quanto para seu ensino, articulando suas diferentes áreas e conferindo-lhes sentido. Tambéma a teoria dos perfis epistemológicos de Bachelard possui a capacidade sui generis de relacionar intimamente o desenvolvimento histórico-filosófico de um conceito com o desenvolvimento psicológico do mesmo conceito em seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Identificamos que o ensino de evolução possui diversos problemas como - Dificuldades dos professores em lidar com as concepções religiosas dos alunos; Visões finalistas e teleológicas da evolução tanto pelos alunos quanto pelos professores; Ensino fragmentado e estanque dos conteúdos de biologia; Falta de bases teóricas por parte dos professores para trabalhar a história da ciência e para se utilizar a evolução como...Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES