Exploring Forensic Psychologist, Psychiatrists and Lawyers Perceptions on Incorrigibility and Juvenile Resentencing

The United States is one of the only countries in the world that sentences juveniles to life without parole. In the United States, over 2,500 juveniles as young as the age of 13 are serving life in prison sentences without the possibility of parole. In 2012, the Supreme Court case Miller v. Alabama determined that sentencing a juvenile to life without parole was unconstitutional. Forensic psychologists, psychiatrists, and lawyers assist in resentencing juveniles by determining if a juvenile is incorrigible (not rehabilitated). The method of determining incorrigibility regarding juvenile resentencing has not been standardized or well-defined amongst professionals in psychology and law. The objective of the study was to explore forensic psychologists\u27, forensic psychiatrists\u27, and lawyers\u27 perceptions and understanding of determining incorrigibility for juveniles sentenced to life in prison without parole. The study utilized a qualitative and exploratory methodology, using two different vignettes where a juvenile received life without parole (LWOP). Participants in the study were asked to identify factors that contribute to determining incorrigibility in both vignettes and the specific factors that played a role in making their decision. Results highlighted trends in participants\u27 responses related to deciding incorrigibility (age of the juvenile at the time of the offense, prior criminal/substance abuse history, education history, codefendants involved in crime, incarceration history). Additionally, 80% of participants discussed the utility of a standardized assessment manual to guide them when conducting juvenile resentencing cases

Ductilization of single phase TiAI via ternary and quaternary additions

One goal of this research was to expand the single phase γ-TiAI phase field to lower Al contents by microalloying TiAI with ternary and quaternary additions. This was done to examine whether or not lower Al single phase alloys would have improved ambient ductility. To this end, a series of ternary TiAI based alloys, with additions of Ag, Cr, Ga, Mn, and Zr, were arc melted and homogenized. Based upon this work, Mn and Ga appear to expand the r phase field to lower Al contents. Zirconium and Cr appear to shift this phase field to higher Al contents. Silver was found to embrittle TiAI. Both Ag and Cr have limited solubility in TiAI. The homogenized microstructures of the ternaries were observed and the number and composition of the phases present determined. This information was used to determine the ternary TiAI phase boundaries at room temperature. These data along with estimates of ternary ambient properties were used to decide which combination of solutes would yield the most promise for quaternary compositions. The main guideline that was followed for all these alloys, was to produce single phase, high purity, low Al content alloys. The properties of the quaternary alloys were compared to the properties for the stoichiometric binary alloy and the binary alloy having the best reported ambient ductility, 48 a/o Al. These quaternaries, as well as the binaries, were zone processed and four point bend specimens were electrically discharge machined from their processed regions. These specimens were subjected to four point bending. The outer fiber strain was measured with strain gages and this value along with the fracture stress used to compare properties between alloys. Based upon these test results, a Cr/Mn quaternary had the highest strength and ductility. However, this enhanced fracture stress and ductility was not substantial, 470 MPa and 0.6 percent, respectively. Although all of the quaternary alloys considered were slightly two phase, the variation in the extent of the γ single phase field was still determined

The effect of different pastures for backgrounding and different grain finishing periods on quantitative, qualitative, and palatability characteristics of serially slaughtered angus steers

Sixty-eight Angus steers backgrounded on five different pasture types were assigned to groups for finishing on a whole shelled corn ration (fed ad libitum) for 0, 28, 56, 84, or 112 days (DOF) to determine the effect of pasture type and DOF on certain live and carcass quantitative, qualitative and palatability characteristics. Slaughter weights increased (P\u3c.01) from 354.7 kg (0 DOF) to 456.0 kg (112 DOF) and dressing percent ranged (P\u3c.01) from 48.3 (0 DOF) to 62.0 (112 DOF). Mean yield and quality grades were 1.7, average standard; 1.6, high standard; 2.1, average good; 2.4, average choice; and 2.5, average choice for 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 .DOF, respectively. Marbling increased linearly (P\u3c.01) from traces50 at 0 DOF to modest0 at 112 DOF. Ratio of Biceps femoris weight to femur weight increased (P\u3c.01) through 56 DOF then remained nearly steady with additional DOF. Sensory panelists scored beef loin steaks from 84 to 112 DOF higher (P\u3c.01) for all palatability traits. Greatest improvement in flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability occurred in the first 84 DOF, after which little improvement was observed. Instron shear values decreased (P\u3c.01) from 28 to 112 DOF. No differences were found in palatability traits of steaks from steers backgrounded on the different pasture types. Results indicate that 84 DOF was the optimum time on feed for quality and yield grade and palatability

The computer controlled production of TiAl and TiAl + 1.4 a/o V single crystals via a levitation zone refining technique

TiAl and TiAl + X alloys possess mechanical properties which are beneficial at high temperatures but lessen upon cooling to room temperature. The cause of the change in properties may be the result of the grain boundaries. In an attempt to investigate this phenomenon, single crystals of these alloys were produced. In order to achieve this end, these ingots were processed in a levitation zone refiner which was computer controlled. The computer control scheme which evolved was one based entirely upon the control of the zone geometry identified by image processing. This type of control allowed an improvement in dimensional control. The processing experience gained from numerous runs yielded a procedure which will improve the efficiency of production of large grains. This procedure consisted of the following: 1. radiograph the ingots before processing in order to prepare for cracks and voids, which may be detrimental to the zone stability: 2. start with a clean processing environment, since oxygen may react with the ingot causing the melting point to rise or changing the electrical and thermal conductivities; 3. align the ingot as well as possible, because misalignment can cause controller difficulty; 4. and maintain continuity of control for it may be the key to successful processing, because drastic changes in control may perturb the growing crystals. Processing experience also showed the importance of the alloy\u27s phase diagram on the ability to produce large crystals. For ingots with a steep liquidus, a very slight composition variance can produce a wide change in the equilibrium melting temperature, thus making single crystal production a difficult control problem. The operating experience gained thus far has not been able to conclusively show the importance of diameter control on grain growth, nor has it been able to show the connection between Ingot composition and grain growth. However, large grains of these compound materials were produced despite adverse operating conditions, indicating that the computer controlled levitation zone refiner is a viable alternative processing technique for high temperature materials

Renewable butene production through dehydration reactions over nano-HZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 hybrid catalysts

The development of new, improved zeolitic materials is of prime importance to progress heterogeneous catalysis and adsorption technologies. The zeolite HZSM-5 and metal oxide γ-Al2O3 are key materials for processing bio-alcohols, but both have some limitations, i.e., HZSM-5 has a high activity but low catalytic stability, and vice versa for γ-Al2O3. To combine their advantages and suppress their disadvantages, this study reports the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic results of a hybrid nano-HZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for the dehydration of n-butanol to butenes. The hybrid catalyst is prepared by the in-situ hydrothermal synthesis of nano-HZSM-5 onto γ-Al2O3. This catalyst combines mesoporosity, related to the γ-Al2O3 support, and microporosity due to the nano-HZSM-5 crystals dispersed on the γ-Al2O3. HZSM-5 and γ-Al2O3 being in one hybrid catalyst leads to a different acid strength distribution and outperforms both single materials as it shows increased activity (compared to γ-Al2O3) and a high selectivity to olefins, even at low conversion and a higher stability (compared to HZSM-5). The hybrid catalyst also outperforms a physical mixture of nano-HZSM-5 and γ-Al2O3, indicating a truly synergistic effect in the hybrid catalyst

Characteristics of memories for traumatic and nontraumatic birth

© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Evidence for memory characteristic differences between trauma and other memories in non-clinical samples is inconsistent. However, trauma is frequently confounded with the event recalled. This study compares trauma and nontrauma memories for the same event, childbirth, in a non-clinical sample of 285 women 4-6 weeks after birth. None of the women met diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Traumatic birth, defined by the DSM-5 event criterion, was reported by 100 women. The ratings of some memory characteristics did not differ between memories for traumatic and nontraumatic birth: All were rated highly coherent and central to women's lives, with moderate sensory memory. However, women who experienced traumatic births reported more involuntary recall, reliving, and negative/mixed emotions. Thus, trauma memories differed from nontrauma memories. In this non-clinical sample, this is likely to be due to encoding during trauma rather than the distinctive memory profile for memories retrieved by those experiencing trauma symptoms

Компьютерный анализ спирограммы у больных бронхиальной астмой

Main goal of this research is investigating of the breathing process and detection the features of the different groups of diseases. The study is based on using of spectral analysis' methods. The research is conducted on the real data of patients with various forms of asthma