Innovative technologies of extruded foods with alcoprotective action on the basis of fish raw

У статті наведений аналіз динаміки споживчих вподобань екструдованої снекової продукції на основі рибної сировини та обгрунтована доцільність створення харчових композицій з крупок зернових та картопляних пластівців, збагачених рибними порошками, з регулюємим хімічним складом та біологічною цінністю. З точки зору хімічних та біохімічних процесів описано властивості гліцину та бурштинової кислоти, як речовин, що нейтралізують токсичну дію ацетальдегіду в організмі людини під час вживання слабоалкогольних напоїв. Обгрунтована перспективність виробництва екструдованої продукції з компонентами, що перешкоджають руйнуванню клітин печінки та мозку у разі споживання слабоалкогольних напоїв. Проведена органолептична оцінка розроблених екструдованих продуктів, за результатами якої обгрунтована перспективність використання рибних порошків для виробництва екструдованих продуктів.The article analyzes the dynamics of consumer preferences of extruded snack foods on the basis of fish raw materials and substantiates the expediency of creating food compositions from grains of cereals and potato flakes enriched with fish powders, with regulated chemical composition and biological value. From the point of view of chemical and biochemical processes, the properties of glycine and amber acid are described as substances that neutralize the toxic effect of acetaldehyde in the human body during the use of low-alcohol beverages. The prospect of production of extruded products with components that prevent the destruction of liver and brain cells in the case of low-alcohol beverages is substantiated. The organoleptic evaluation of extruded products developed, the results of which proved the prospect of using fish powders for the production of extruded products. In the given work the technology of innovative food product - with functional alkoprotektornymi properties was presented. It is assumed that this product will expand the range of snack snacks to low-alcohol beverages and will be a reliable protection against the harmful effects of alcohol and its metabolism products in the human bod

Which placebo to cure depression? A thought-provoking network meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Antidepressants are often considered to be mere placebos despite the fact that meta-analyses are able to rank them. It follows that it should also be possible to rank different placebos, which are all made of sucrose. To explore this issue, which is rather more epistemological than clinical, we designed an unusual meta-analysis to investigate whether the effects of placebo in one situation are different from the effects of placebo in another situation. METHODS: Published and unpublished studies were searched for by three reviewers on Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, Current Controlled Trial, in bibliographies, and by mailing key organizations. The following studies in first-line treatment for major depressive disorder were considered to construct an “evidence network”: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) versus placebo on fluoxetine, venlafaxine and 2) fluoxetine versus venlafaxine head-to-head RCTs. Two network meta-analyses were run to indirectly compare response and remission rates among three different placebos: 1) fluoxetine placebo, 2) venlafaxine placebo, and 3) venlafaxine/fluoxetine placebo (that is, placebo compared to both venlafaxine and fluoxetine). Publication biases were assessed using funnel plots and statistically tested. RESULTS: The three placebos were not significantly different in terms of response or remission. The antidepressant agents were significantly more efficacious than the placebos, and venlafaxine was more efficacious than fluoxetine. The funnel plots, however, showed a major publication bias. CONCLUSION: The presence of significant levels of publication bias indicates that we cannot even be certain of the conclusion that sucrose equals sucrose in trials of major depressive disorder. This result should remind clinicians to step back to take a more objective view when interpreting a scientific result. It is of crucial importance for their practice, far more so than ranking antidepressant efficacy

Empathy in its Entirety

Reymann critically analyzes three novels through the lens of empathy and then applies her critical analysis and observations to her experiences as a person diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome

Microglia cells protect neurons by direct engulfment of invading neutrophil granulocytes: a new mechanism of CNS immune privilege

Microglial cells maintain the immunological integrity of the healthy brain and can exert protection from traumatic injury. During ischemic tissue damage such as stroke, peripheral immune cells acutely infiltrate the brain and may exacerbate neurodegeneration. Whether and how microglia can protect from this insult is unknown. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are a prominent immunologic infiltrate of ischemic lesions in vivo. Here, we show in organotypic brain slices that externally applied invading PMNs massively enhance ischemic neurotoxicity. This, however, is counteracted by additional application of microglia. Time-lapse imaging shows that microglia exert protection by rapid engulfment of apoptotic, but, strikingly, also viable, motile PMNs in cell culture and within brain slices. PMN engulfment is mediated by integrin- and lectin-based recognition. Interference with this process using RGDS peptides and N-acetyl-glucosamine blocks engulfment of PMNs and completely abrogates the neuroprotective function of microglia. Thus, engulfment of invading PMNs by microglia may represent an entirely new mechanism of CNS immune privilege

The textual dimension "Involved-Informational": A corpus-based study

In the study "The Textual Dimension Involved-Informational", algorithms and their application to corpora of the English Language will be presented. A ground-breaking study predestined to be exhaustively transferred to computer-aided linguistics is presented in Douglas Biber's "Variation across speech and writing" (1988) which describes a way to establish a general typology of English texts. In his study, Biber derives a so-called multi-dimensional (MD) approach to typology based on the frequency of specific grammatical phenomena. The study at hand will focus on the dimension "Involved-Informational". The first chapter deals with the establishing of a completely automatic and modularized computer system written in the programming language PERL, that is able to process any given 'raw' text and produce CSV (comma separated values) files of feature occurrences of the 30 features listed by Biber (1989: 8). The second chapter describes its application on text corpora of English, such as the commonly used LOB/FLOB and BROWN/FROWN corpus pairs as representatives of written English, and the less commonly analyzed corpora of spoken English SEC and COLT

Pharmaceutical Inventory Forecasting at the Wright-Patterson Medical Center

This research was conducted to determine the accuracy of statistical forecasting techniques forecasting the inventory of pharmaceutical items. Because pharmaceutical items are subject to a degree of seasonality of demand, the Director of Medical Logistics at the Wright-Patterson Medical Center believed that the use of such techniques may provide a more accurate forecast for the items stocked by the Outpatient Pharmacy. In addition to the technique used by the Outpatient Pharmacy (the 12 month simple moving average) three statistical forecasting methods were employed: the 6 month simple moving average, simple exponential smoothing, and the Winter\u27s exponential smoothing. These techniques were used to obtain forecasts, and the results were analyzed for measurement error. The Winter\u27s exponential smoothing method prove superior in nearly all cases, and offers the best potential for use

Unlocking the Question

Educators are constantly seeking ways to establish equity inside and outside of the classroom. This presentation explores ways in which an inquisitive mindset can make steps toward achieving this goal, and how questioning is essential for creating the optimal learning environment

State based model of long-term potentiation and synaptic tagging and capture

Recent data indicate that plasticity protocols have not only synapse-specific but also more widespread effects. In particular, in synaptic tagging and capture (STC), tagged synapses can capture plasticity-related proteins, synthesized in response to strong stimulation of other synapses. This leads to long-lasting modification of only weakly stimulated synapses. Here we present a biophysical model of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus that incorporates several key results from experiments on STC. The model specifies a set of physical states in which a synapse can exist, together with transition rates that are affected by high- and low-frequency stimulation protocols. In contrast to most standard plasticity models, the model exhibits both early- and late-phase LTP/D, de-potentiation, and STC. As such, it provides a useful starting point for further theoretical work on the role of STC in learning and memory