CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS CASE INVESTIGATION IN THE JACARE REGION OF NITEROI, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

SUMMARY American visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonosis in expansion in Brazil. Dogs are the main urban reservoir. Departing from a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Jacaré, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, an epidemiological canine and entomological study was performed to assess the extension of the disease at the location. Sample was collected around the case and the dogs identified by serological tests (rapid double platform immunochromatographic exams, immunoenzymatic assay/ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence/IFAT). The parasitological diagnosis was performed in animals positive in at least one of these tests. The entomological study was carried out by using light traps and manual collection. The associations between canine variables and outcome (ELISA and IFAT reagents) were assessed by the chi-square test and adjusted by multivariate logistic regression for those associations with p < 0.1 in the bivariate analysis. Seventeen cases of CVL were detected among 110 evaluated dogs (prevalence of 15.5%). Presence of ectoparasites (OR 6.5; 95% CI 1.1-37.4), animals with clinical signs (OR 9.5; 95% CI 1.2-76.6), and previous cases of CVL in the same house (OR 17.9; 95% CI 2.2-147.1) were associated with the outcome. Lutzomyia longipalpiswas not detected. Our results are indicative of an ongoing transmission in the area

O conhecimento de enfermeiros e médicos que trabalham na Estratégia de Saúde da Família acerca da tuberculose no município de Vitória (ES): um estudo de corte transversal Knowledge about tuberculosis by doctors and nurses, who work in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo State: a cross-sectional study

O Brasil está no 14º lugar entre os 23 países responsáveis por 80% dos casos da doença no mundo. Buscando compreender a manutenção desses índices, estruturou-se este estudo, com o objetivo de identificar se o conhecimento, sobre a tuberculose, de médicos e enfermeiros que trabalham na Estratégia de Saúde da Família no município de Vitória (ES), seria um fator relevante na mediação dos processos de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose. É um estudo de corte transversal, tendo como amostra 50 profissionais. Os dados coletados foram analisados utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado exato de Fischer com o nível de significância de 0.05. Em relação à transmissão e ao diagnóstico da tuberculose, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre médicos e enfermeiros. Apenas uma variável apresentou diferença estatística: 41% dos médicos e 15% dos enfermeiros (p<0,05) disseram que o paciente deve ser assistido em um local de escolha do médico ou enfermeiro, e ainda 4% do total da amostra responderam que a supervisão não pode ser feita por um membro da família. A pesquisa comprova que médicos e enfermeiros possuem conhecimento para reduzir os índices da tuberculose, embora sejam indispensáveis o contínuo estudo e capacitação desses profissionais.<br>Brazil is in 14th among the 23 countries responsible for 80% of the tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world. Aiming to understand the maintenance of these indexes, this study was developed to identify if the knowledge about tuberculosis by doctors and nurses, who work in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Vitória (ES), would be a factor in the mediation of the prevention processes, diagnosis and treatment of the Tuberculosis. This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 50 professionals. The collected data had been analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests with significance level of 0.05. Regarding the transmission and diagnosis of the Tuberculosis, there was no statistically significant difference between doctors and nurses. Only one variable presented a statistical difference: 41% of doctors and 15% of the nurses (p<0,05) mentioned that the patient must be attended in a place of choice of the doctor or nurse, and still, 4% of the total of the sample had answered that the supervision cannot be made by a member of the family. The research proves that doctors and nurses has knowledge to reduce the indexes of Tuberculosis, even so is indispensable the continuous study and qualification of these professionals

Late Cretaceous to Oligocene Magmatic Evolution of the Neuquén Basin

Geochemical variations in arc- and within-plate magmatic associations since Late Cretaceous times are analyzed and correlated with the main tectonic changes that influenced the Neuquén Basin evolution. The collision and southward migration of the Farallon-Aluk mid-ocean ridge along the Chilean trench since 80 Ma have played an important role in controlling the Late Cretaceous to Oligocene magmatic evolution of the arc and retroarc zones. The passage of this spreading center through the Chilean trench induced the development of geochemically distinct magmatic associations since Late Cretaceous to Eocene times associated with the extensional reactivation of the Cretaceous fold and thrust belt. Then, by Late Oligocene times, a major plate tectonic reorganization occurred when the Farallon plate broke apart and the resulting Nazca plate started an orthogonal subduction regime beneath the South American plate with higher convergence rates. Then extensional basins and associated magmatism developed at this time destabilizing the Paleogene fold and thrust belt and establishing a more homogeneous tholeiitic signature along the Andean axis.Fil: Iannelli, Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Fennell, Lucas Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Paz, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Litvak, Vanesa Dafne. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Encinas, Alfonso. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Folguera Telichevsky, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin

A Modeling Approach on Why Simple Central Pattern Generators Are Built of Irregular Neurons

The crustacean pyloric Central Pattern Generator (CPG) is a nervous circuit that endogenously provides periodic motor patterns. Even after about 40 years of intensive studies, the rhythm genesis is still not rigorously understood in this CPG, mainly because it is made of neurons with irregular intrinsic activity. Using mathematical models we addressed the question of using a network of irregularly behaving elements to generate periodic oscillations, and we show some advantages of using non-periodic neurons with intrinsic behavior in the transition from bursting to tonic spiking (as found in biological pyloric CPGs) as building components. We studied two- and three-neuron model CPGs built either with Hindmarsh-Rose or with conductance-based Hodgkin-Huxley-like model neurons. By changing a model's parameter we could span the neuron's intrinsic dynamical behavior from slow periodic bursting to fast tonic spiking, passing through a transition where irregular bursting was observed. Two-neuron CPG, half center oscillator (HCO), was obtained for each intrinsic behavior of the neurons by coupling them with mutual symmetric synaptic inhibition. Most of these HCOs presented regular antiphasic bursting activity and the changes of the bursting frequencies was studied as a function of the inhibitory synaptic strength. Among all HCOs, those made of intrinsic irregular neurons presented a wider burst frequency range while keeping a reliable regular oscillatory (bursting) behavior. HCOs of periodic neurons tended to be either hard to change their behavior with synaptic strength variations (slow periodic burster neurons) or unable to perform a physiologically meaningful rhythm (fast tonic spiking neurons). Moreover, 3-neuron CPGs with connectivity and output similar to those of the pyloric CPG presented the same results