162 research outputs found
Experimental rat model for fetal growth restriction: effects on liver glycogen and intestinal and renal morphometry
OBJETIVO: avaliar a eficácia do modelo de RCIU por ligadura da artéria uterina simulando insuficiência placentária em ratos. MÉTODOS: fetos de ratas prenhes Sprague-Dawley foram divididos em três grupos: RCIU (restrição de crescimento intrauterino), com fetos submetidos à ligadura da artéria uterina com 18,5 dias de gestação (termo = 22 dias), C-RCIU (controle da restrição), com fetos do corno contralateral à ligadura, CE (Controle Externo), com fetos de ratas sem manipulação. Com 21,5 dias de gestação, foi realizada cesárea, os fetos foram pesados e dissecados para análise morfométrica e histológica do fígado, intestino e rins. RESULTADOS: os dados morfométricos avaliados mostraram o peso corpóreo (PC), hepático (PH) e intestinal (PI) dos fetos com RCIU menor que C-RCIU e CE (p<0,001). O peso placentário (PP), renal (PR) e as relações PH/PC, PI/PC e PR/PC não se alteraram. A espessura renal foi menor nos fetos com RCIU (p<0,001) e houve diminuição da camada mucosa e submucosa intestinal (p<0,05). A avaliação histológica mostrou diminuição do glicogênio hepático nos fetos com RCIU em relação aos grupos C-RCIU e CE. CONCLUSÕES: o modelo descrito foi eficiente e causou RCIU fetal simétrica com diminuição da maioria dos órgãos, especialmente do peso hepático, e alteração nos depósitos de glicogênio.PURPOSE: to evaluate the effectiveness of the IUGR model by uterine artery ligation mimicking placental insufficiency in rats. METHODS: sprague-Dawley rat fetuses were divided into three groups: IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction), with fetuses in the right horn of pregnant rats subjected to right uterine artery ligation at 18.5 days of gestation (term = 22 days); C-IUGR (control of restriction), with control fetuses in the left horn, and EC (external control), with fetuses of intact rats. Animals were harvested by cesarean section at day 21.5 days of gestation. Fetuses were weighed and then sacrificed. The intestine, liver, kidney and placenta were weighed and dissected for morphometric and histological analysis. RESULTS: the morphometric data showed decreased body weight (BW), liver weight (LW) and intestinal weight (IW) of fetuses with IUGR compared to C-IUGR and EC (p<0.001). The placental weight (PW), renal weight (RW) and LW/BW, IW/BW, and RW/BW ratios did not change. IUGR fetuses had decreased kidney thickness (p<0.001) and decreased thickness of the intestinal mucosa and submucosa (p<0.05). Histological evaluation showed reduction of liver glycogen storage in fetuses with IUGR compared to C-IUGR and CE. CONCLUSIONS: the model described was efficient and caused symmetric fetal IUGR with decreased size of most organs, especially the liver, and changes in glycogen stores
Anencephaly: Do the Pregnancy and Maternal Characteristics Impact the Pregnancy Outcome?
Objective. To describe the characteristics of obstetric and perinatal outcome of a group of pregnancies complicated by an anencephalic fetus. Methods. Observational study including anencephalic fetuses, divided into groups according to the evolution of pregnancy: elective termination of pregnancy ETP; stillbirths (SBs); live births (LBs), and loss of follow-up. After a univariate description of the sample, some variables were compared using statistical tests. Results. 180 anencephalic fetuses were included. The mean maternal age was 25.3 years. In 71 fetuses (39%) were found additional anomalies. Comparing the groups, no statistical differences in maternal age (P = 0.5315), parity (P = 0.6070), number of previous abortion (P = 0.7464), fetal sex (P = 0.0502) and additional anomalies (P = 0.186) were found. Among those fetuses whose parents opted for continuation of pregnancy (n = 53), 20 spontaneous intrauterine deaths occurred (38%) and 33 were live births (62%). The average postnatal survival time was 51 minutes. There was no association between survival time and gestational age (P = 0.6125) or the presence of additional malformations (P = 0.1948). Conclusion. Results presented here could contribute to a better understanding of the natural history of this malformation, allowing obstetricians a more detailed discussion with the families
Maternal complications following endoscopic surgeries in fetal Medicine
OBJETIVO: descrever as complicações maternas decorrentes dos procedimentos endoscópicos terapêuticos em Medicina fetal, realizados em um centro universitário no Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional retrospectivo que incluiu gestantes atendidas no período de Abril de 2007 a Maio de 2010. Esses casos foram submetidos aos seguintes procedimentos: ablação vascular placentária com laser (AVPL) por síndrome de transfusão feto-fetal (STFF) grave; oclusão traqueal fetal (OTF) e retirada de balão traqueal por via endoscópica por hérnia diafragmática congênita (HDC) grave e AVPL, com ou sem cauterização bipolar do cordão umbilical, por síndrome da perfusão arterial reversa (SPAR) em gêmeo acárdico. As principais variáveis descritas para cada condição clínica/tipo de cirurgia foram as complicações maternas e a sobrevida (alta do berçário) do neonato/lactente. RESULTADOS: cinquenta e seis gestantes foram submetidas a 70 procedimentos: STFF grave (34 pacientes; 34 cirurgias); HDC grave (16 pacientes; 30 cirurgias) e SPAR (6 pacientes; 6 cirurgias). Entre as 34 gestantes tratadas com AVPL por STFF, duas (2/34=5,9%) apresentaram perda de líquido amniótico para a cavidade peritoneal e sete (7/34=20,6%) tiveram abortamento após os procedimentos. A sobrevida de pelo menos um gêmeo foi de 64,7% (22/34). Entre as 30 intervenções realizadas para HDC, houve perda de líquido amniótico para a cavidade peritoneal materna em um caso (1/30=3,3%) e rotura prematura pré-termo de membranas após três (3/30=30%) fetoscopias para retirada do balão traqueal. A sobrevida com alta do berçário foi de 43,8% (7/16). Entre os seis casos de SPAR, houve sangramento materno para a cavidade peritoneal após uma cirurgia (1/6=16,7%) e a sobrevida com alta do berçário foi de 50% (3/6). CONCLUSÕES: em concordância com os dados disponíveis na literatura, em nosso centro, os benefícios relacionados às intervenções endoscópicas terapêuticas em casos de STFF, HDC e SPAR parecem superar os riscos de complicações maternas que, raramente, foram consideradas graves.PURPOSE: to describe the maternal complications due to therapeutic endoscopic procedures in fetal Medicine performed at an university center in Brazil. METHODS: retrospective observational study including patients treated from April 2007 to May 2010 who underwent laser ablation of placental vessels (LAPV) for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS); fetal tracheal occlusion (FETO) and endoscopic removal of tracheal balloon in cases of severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH); LAPV with or without bipolar coagulation of the umbilical cord in cases of twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence. The main variables described for each disease/type of surgery were maternal complications and neonatal survival (discharge from nursery). RESULTS: fifty-six patients underwent 70 procedures: Severe TTTS (34 patients; 34 surgeries); severe CDH (16 patients; 30 surgeries), and TRAP sequence (6 patients; 6 surgeries). Among 34 women who underwent LAPV for TTTS, two (2/34=5.9%) experienced amniotic fluid leakage to the peritoneal cavity and seven (7/34=20.6%) miscarried after the procedure. Survival of at least one twin was 64.7% (22/34). Among 30 interventions performed in cases of CDH, there was amniotic fluid leakage into the maternal peritoneal cavity in one patient (1/30=3.3%) and premature preterm rupture of membranes after three (3/30=30%) fetoscopies for removal of the tracheal balloon. Infant survival with discharge from nursery was 43.8% (7/16). Among six cases of TRAP sequence, there was bleeding into the peritoneal cavity after surgery in one patient (1/6=16.7%) and neonatal survival with discharge from nursery was 50% (3/6). CONCLUSIONS: in agreement with the available data in literature, at our center, the benefits related to therapeutic endoscopic interventions for TTTS, CDH and TRAP sequence seem to overcome the risks of maternal complications, which were rarely considered severe
Genomic Imbalances Detected Through Array Cgh In Fetuses With Holoprosencephaly.
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is heterogeneous in pathogenesis, integrating genetic susceptibility with the influence of environmental factors. Submicroscopic aberrations may contribute to the etiology of HPE. Our aim was to report the molecular analysis of 4 fetuses with HPE and normal metaphase karyotype. A whole genome BAC-array based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array CGH) was carried out in fetal blood samples. All potential cytogenetic alterations detected on the arrays were matched against the known copy number variations databases. The array CGH analysis showed copy number gains and losses in all cases. We found a recurrent deletion in 15q14 (clone RP11-23J11) and in 15q22 (clone RP11-537k8) in 2 out 4 cases analyzed. We also observed submicroscopic gain in 6p21 in 3 out of 4 fetuses in nearby clones. All these regions were tested in known databases and no copy number variations have been described for them. This is the first report of molecular characterization through a whole genome microarray CGH of fetuses with HPE. Our results may contribute to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the molecular technique of array CGH for prenatal diagnosis purposes, and contributing to the knowledge of the submicroscopic genomic instability characterization of HPE fetuses.693-
Experimental rat model for fetal growth restriction : effects on liver glycogen and intestinal and renal morphometry
avaliar a eficácia do modelo de RCIU por ligadura da artéria uterina simulando insuficiência placentária em ratos. fetos de ratas prenhes Sprague-Dawley foram divididos em três grupos: RCIU (restrição de crescimento intrauterino), com fetos submetidos à ligadura da artéria uterina com 18,5 dias de gestação (termo = 22 dias), C-RCIU (controle da restrição), com fetos do corno contralateral à ligadura, CE (Controle Externo), com fetos de ratas sem manipulação. Com 21,5 dias de gestação, foi realizada cesárea, os fetos foram pesados e dissecados para análise morfométrica e histológica do fígado, intestino e rins. os dados morfométricos avaliados mostraram o peso corpóreo (PC), hepático (PH) e intestinal (PI) dos fetos com RCIU menor que C-RCIU e CE (p<0,001). O peso placentário (PP), renal (PR) e as relações PH/PC, PI/PC e PR/PC não se alteraram. A espessura renal foi menor nos fetos com RCIU (p<0,001) e houve diminuição da camada mucosa e submucosa intestinal (p<0,05). A avaliação histológica mostrou diminuição do glicogênio hepático nos fetos com RCIU em relação aos grupos C-RCIU e CE. o modelo descrito foi eficiente e causou RCIU fetal simétrica com diminuição da maioria dos órgãos, especialmente do peso hepático, e alteração nos depósitos de glicogênio324FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP08/51497-9to evaluate the effectiveness of the IUGR model by uterine artery ligation mimicking placental insufficiency in rats. sprague-Dawley rat fetuses were divided into three groups: IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction), with fetuses in the right horn of pregnant rats subjected to right uterine artery ligation at 18.5 days of gestation (term = 22 days); C-IUGR (control of restriction), with control fetuses in the left horn, and EC (external control), with fetuses of intact rats. Animals were harvested by cesarean section at day 21.5 days of gestation. Fetuses were weighed and then sacrificed. The intestine, liver, kidney and placenta were weighed and dissected for morphometric and histological analysis. the morphometric data showed decreased body weight (BW), liver weight (LW) and intestinal weight (IW) of fetuses with IUGR compared to C-IUGR and EC (p<0.001). The placental weight (PW), renal weight (RW) and LW/BW, IW/BW, and RW/BW ratios did not change. IUGR fetuses had decreased kidney thickness (p<0.001) and decreased thickness of the intestinal mucosa and submucosa (p<0.05). Histological evaluation showed reduction of liver glycogen storage in fetuses with IUGR compared to C-IUGR and CE. the model described was efficient and caused symmetric fetal IUGR with decreased size of most organs, especially the liver, and changes in glycogen store
Instabilidades genômicas detectadas através de array CGH em fetos com holoprosencefalia
OBJECTIVE: Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is heterogeneous in pathogenesis, integrating genetic susceptibility with the influence of environmental factors. Submicroscopic aberrations may contribute to the etiology of HPE. Our aim was to report the molecular analysis of 4 fetuses with HPE and normal metaphase karyotype. METHOD: A whole genome BAC-array based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array CGH) was carried out in fetal blood samples. All potential cytogenetic alterations detected on the arrays were matched against the known copy number variations databases. RESULTS: The array CGH analysis showed copy number gains and losses in all cases. We found a recurrent deletion in 15q14 (clone RP11-23J11) and in 15q22 (clone RP11-537k8) in 2 out 4 cases analyzed. We also observed submicroscopic gain in 6p21 in 3 out of 4 fetuses in nearby clones. All these regions were tested in known databases and no copy number variations have been described for them. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of molecular characterization through a whole genome microarray CGH of fetuses with HPE. Our results may contribute to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the molecular technique of array CGH for prenatal diagnosis purposes, and contributing to the knowledge of the submicroscopic genomic instability characterization of HPE fetuses.OBJETIVO: Holoprosencefalia (HPE) é uma malformação heterogênea na patogênese, integrando a suscetibilidade genética com a influência de fatores ambientais. Aberrações submicroscópicas podem contribuir para a etiologia da HPE. Nosso objetivo foi relatar a análise molecular de 4 fetos com HPE e cariótipo normal. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo prospectivo dos achados da técnica de hibridação genômica comparativa baseada em microarranjos utilizando BAC clones de ampla cobertura genômica (BAC-array CGH) em amostras sanguíneas de fetos portadores de holoprosencefalia e com cromossomos numericamente normais ao bandamento G. Todas as potenciais alterações citogenéticas detectadas foram comparadas com bancos de dados com variações do número de cópias conhecidas. RESULTADOS: A análise de array CGH evidenciou ganhos e perdas do número de cópias em todos os 4 casos. Foram encontradas deleções recorrentes em 15q14 (clone RP11-23J11) e em 15q22 (clone RP11-537k8) em 2 dos 4 casos analisados. Observou-se em 3 fetos ganho genômico na região 6p21 em clones próximos. Todas estas regiões não apresentaram variações do número de cópias descritas em bancos de dados conhecidos. CONCLUSÃO: Este é o primeiro relato de caracterização molecular através de um microarray CGH de fetos com HPE. Nossos resultados podem contribuir para verificar a eficácia e aplicabilidade da técnica molecular de array CGH para fins de diagnóstico pré-natal, contribuindo para o conhecimento da caracterização de instabilidades genômicas submicroscópicas de fetos com HPE.3
Main Types of Clinical Appearance of Thrombophilic States During Pregnancy – Target Groups for Thrombophilia Testing
- …
