Surface Structure Determination of Black Phosphorus Using Photoelectron Diffraction

Atomic structure of single-crystalline black phosphorus was studied by high resolution synchrotron-based photoelectron diffraction (XPD). The results show that the topmost phosphorene layer in the black phosphorus is slightly displaced compared to the bulk structure and presents a small contraction in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Furthermore, the XPD results show the presence of a small buckling among the surface atoms, in agreement with previously reported scanning tunneling microscopy results. The contraction of the surface layer added to the presence of the buckling indicates an uniformity in the size of the sp3 bonds between P atoms at the surface

Satisfaction and Race Influence on Positive Health Choices among Patients at an Urban Community Health Center

Background. Promoting positive health choices is one way to lessen health care disparities in indigent populations. This pilot study investigated satisfaction with the health information received at an urban heath care center for the indigent and its effect on health behaviors. Such information will inform providers on their role in advancing the health center’s quality improvement goals (i.e., goals used to measure the clinic’s performance in providing preventive service information to patients). Methods. A survey was used to determine respondent satisfaction with health care information and whether respondents would make positive health choices based on this information. Results. Respondents (n = 185) were satisfied with the health information received; this was the most consistent predictor of making a lifestyle change. Minority respondents were more likely to get a vaccination, to not start smoking, and to start exercising than non-minority respondents. Conclusion. The results suggested that, for the positive health choices examined, satisfaction with education is very important. For certain positive health choices, race also may play a role. Additional studies should be undertaken linking chronic health problems to patient responses

Review of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Indigenous Australians

Author version made available in accordance with Publisher copyright policy.The purpose of this review is to compare the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Australian DR prevalence data from 6 Indigenous studies (n = 2865) and 5 non-Indigenous studies (n = 9801) conducted between 1985 and 2013 were included for analysis. Estimated prevalence of any DR among Indigenous Australians with DM was 23.4% compared with 28.9% for non-Indigenous Australians (χ2 = 26.9, P < 0.001). In studies performed after 1990, a significantly higher rate of diabetic macular edema was found in Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous Australians with DM (7.6% versus 4.9%, χ2 = 6.67, P = 0.01). Although there are limitations in comparing these studies, one explanation for the observed data could be a model in which Indigenous Australians are relatively resistant to early stage DR, but with a subset progressing to sight threatening DR due to individual genetic and environmental susceptibility factors coupled with poor glycemic control

Depth of anesthesia assessment and higher brain function modelling for consciousness

Anaesthesia is the corner stone of modern surgical medicine. Despite a long period of enquire beginning with Snow (1847) anaesthesia remains a field in which there are more questions than answers. This thesis reports findings on threedifferent aspects of anaesthesia. 1. Initially, a method for calculating a population pharmacokinetic model for propofol infusion is described. This method greatly reduced the time required to calculate the model (0.1 seconds per iteration) compared to the NONMEM method (hours per iteration (Minto, Schnider, Egan, Youngs, Lemmens, Gambus,Billard, Hoke, Moore, Hermann, Muir, Mandema & Shafer 1997)). The resultant model achieved improved fit to the data than the model of Schuttler & Ihmsen (2000b) achieving a mean squared error of 0.2835 compared to 0.6413 respectively. 2. Second, a neural network (NN) method is presented to assess Depth of Anaesthesia from long segments of raw EEG. The proposed method was able to approximate the output from a BIS XP monitor for the training data. The linear regression, between the NN and the BIS monitor, resulted in an R value of 0.99963. The network was able to approximate the BIS monitor output for new (unseen) data. 3. Finally, a lumped parameter neural mass, anaesthesia, model is presented. This model is capable of generating changes in EEG associated with increasing doses of Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A) hypnotic agent (propofol). This model was not a fitting exercise rather it was constructed based on known brain physiology, and the changes to Alpha1 GABA A receptors conductance caused by propofol. Encompassing the regional interactions, that are thought to be, altered by GABA hypnotic agents. The model is capable of producing five distinct EEG patterns (Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta and isoelectric) in response to different levels of hypnotic agent. The model is reactive capable of switching from Alpha to Beta band EEG when the eyes open. Anaesthetic supresses the models transition to a higher state EEG. The model suggest that the effect site for propofol as Alpha1 GABA A receptors of slow interneurons of the cortex

Training Evaluation in Virtual Worlds: Development of a Model

Many organizations have adopted virtual worlds (VWs) as a setting for training programs; however, research on appropriate evaluation of training in this new setting is incomplete. In this article, we address this gap by first exploring the unique issues relevant to evaluation faced by training designers working in VWs. At the macro-organizational level, the primary issue faced is an organizational culture unreceptive to or otherwise skeptical of VWs. At the micro-organizational level, two major issues are identified: individual trainees unreceptive to VWs and general lack of experience navigating VWs. All three of these challenges and their interrelationships may lead to poor reactions, learning, and transfer from VW-based training despite strong, pedagogically sound training design. Second, we survey the training evaluation research literature, identifying the most well-supported training evaluation models, discussing the suitability of each for evaluating VW-based training. Third, we propose a new integrative model based upon this literature, incorporating solutions to the unique issues faced in VWs with the most relevant portions of the models discussed earlier. Fourth, broad thematic implications of this model are identified and applied to prior VW literature. Finally, we provide specific recommendations to practitioners and researchers to evaluate their VW-based training fully

Effectively Bridging Computer Science and I-O Psychology to Solve Practical Problems

One of the most pressing challenges facing I-O psychology today is the need to bridge the disciplinary barrier between our field and computer science. This barrier runs deep, creating challenges in both research and practice resulting from differences in our core philosophies of science. Yet if we fail to engage across this boundary, it will be the technical values and priorities of computer science, and not the human-centered values of psychology, that will define the future of work. In this talk, we will explore the philosophical and practice tensions that shape the IO-technologist interface and propose strategies for effective interdisciplinary collaboration. We will ground this discussion in a concrete example: the development of an AI-driven leadership coaching platform

Energia interfacial e interface de crescimento em sistemas cristal-melt

Orientador: Boyan MutaftschievTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb WataghinResumo: A validade do "método da bolha" é discutido quanto à sua aplicabilidade em medidas do ângulo de contato entre um cristal e seu próprio banho fundido bem como para a observação da morfologia da interface de crescimento em cristais halogenetos alcalinos puxador do "melt". A energia livre interfacial é determinada a partir dos ângulos de contato para cristais de KCl, NaCl e ligas destes dois sais. A observação das Interfaces de crescimento de KCl puro, usando microscopia eletrônica e decoração com ouro mostrou que o "melt" pode ser completamente retirado de superfícies {100}. Crescimento ocorre por nucleação bidimensional e espalhamento de frentes de crescimento. As interfaces são sempre limitadas por superfícies {100}. Observou-se que cristais mistos de KCl e NaCl apresentavam interfaces mais rugosas do que as dos sais puros. Em alguns casos cristalitas com facetas {110} {111} e {11l} apareciam na interface. Crescimento a partir de deslocações "screw" e o mecanismo de espiral não foi detectado em cristais puros e não desempenha papel preponderante mesmo em cristais mistos onde algumas deslocações "screw" foram observadas emergindo na InterfaceAbstract: The validity of the "bubble method" is discussed for the measurements of contact angles between a crystal and its own melt and for the observation of the microscopic morphology of growth interfaces for alkali halide crystals grown from the melt. Values of specific free energy of the crystal melt interface, gSL, are calculated from measurements of contact angles for KCI , NaCl and alloys of these salts. Observation of growth interfaces of pure KCI crystals, using electron microscopy and gold decoration, show that the melt can be completely removed from {100} surfaces. Growth occurs by two dimensional nucleation and by speading of monoatomic or biatomic growth fronts. Interfaces are always limited by {100} surfaces. Mixed crystals of KCI and NaCI tended to have rougher interfaces. In some cases, crystallites with {110}, {111} and {11l} facets appeared at the interface. Dislocation induced spiral growth was not detected at the interfaces of pure crystals and does not play a preponderant role even in mixed crystals where some screw dislocations could be observed immerging at the interfaceDoutoradoFísicaDoutor em Ciência