Impact of durum wheat milling on the deoxynivalenol distribution in the outcoming fractions

International audienceThe milling behavior of two naturally infected samples from durum wheat grains displaying contrasting levels of mycotoxins were analyzed. Although the two samples showed a similar milling behavior, an increase of about twenty percent in deoxynivalenol level was found in semolina from the sample containing the higher amount of mycotoxins. However, even if the highest concentration of deoxynivalenol was found in fractions originating from the grain outer layers, the mycotoxin contamination in semolina and flours were not related to the amount of two biochemical compounds (ash or phytic acid) that could be used as markers to monitor these external tissues. Presence of the trichothecene-producing fungi in the most internal semolina fraction was also shown using specific DNA primers and PCR amplification. Comparison between deoxynivalenol concentration in the feedings and corresponding output at each milling step or grinding of semolina fractions followed by sizing showed that mycotoxin concentration occurs in the finest particles at the first processing steps. Therefore, deoxynivalenol contamination of the milling fractions is not simply due to the presence of peripheral grain tissues

Los cuidados con la 'carne' en la socialización delos jóvenes

Neste trabalho discutimos o posicionamento de lideranças cristãs sobre a "gestão" das sexualidades dos jovens, no contexto de interpelação das políticas sexuais do Estado. As reflexões resultam de pesquisa etnográfica, conduzida através de levantamento documental, observação e entrevistas com 47 religiosos em Recife. A análise dos dados evidencia o espaço religioso como instância disciplinar que opera a partir de uma razão transcendente ("responsabilidade"). Espera-se que esta seja incorporada pela pessoa, que, então, passa a ser capaz de fazer escolhas apropriadas e diferenciar o "certo" do "errado". Aids e gravidez na adolescência aparecem como resultantes das "tentações da carne/erótico". Na perspectiva dos Direitos Sexuais e à Saúde, o artigo visa desconstruir a carne como domínio de "tentação" e de "força essencial" que leva ao desvio/pecado/"risco"; ressituando-a como instância positiva dos sujeitos (de direitos), e condição de fertilidade social.The positions of Christian leaders on the "management" of young people's sexuality, as contextualized within the sexual politics of the state, are discussed. They are the result of an ethnographic study undertaken through archival work, participating observation and interviews with 47 religious leaders in Recife PE Brazil. Analysis shows the space of religion as a disciplinary site, operating through transcendent reasoning ("responsibility"). The person is expected to incorporate such reasoning and make the appropriate differentiations between "right" and "wrong". AIDS and adolescent pregnancy appear as a result of "temptations of the erotic flesh". From the perspective of human rights and health, the article deconstructs the idea of the "flesh" as dominated by "temptation," and as an "essential force" which leads the person to stray/sin/"risk". It re-situates sexuality as a positive instance for the subjects (with rights) and a condition for social fertility.Eneste trabajo discutimos el posicionamiento de los líderes cristianos sobre la "gestión" de las sexualidades de los jóvenes, en el contexto de la interpelación de las políticas sexuales del Estado. Las reflexiones son resultados de pesquisas etnográficas realizadas a través del levantamiento documental,observación y entrevistas efectuadas en Recife con 47 religiosos. El análisis de los datos evidencia al espacio religioso como una instancia de disciplina que opera a partir de una razón trascendente ("responsabilidad") esperándose que sea incorporada por la persona que entonces será capaz de hacer elecciones apropiadas y diferenciar lo "cierto" de lo "errado". El SIDA y el embarazo en la adolescencia aparecen como resultado de las "tentaciones de la carne /erótico) En la perspectiva de los Derechos Sexuales y a la Salud, el articulo pretende desconstruir la carne como dominio de "tentaciones" y de la "fuerza esencial"que lleva al desvío/pecado/"riesgo"; resituándola como instancia positiva de los sujetos (de derecho) y condiciones de fertilidad social

A 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate 3-Phosphate Synthase Functions as a Transcriptional Repressor in Populus.

Long-lived perennial plants, with distinctive habits of inter-annual growth, defense, and physiology, are of great economic and ecological importance. However, some biological mechanisms resulting from genome duplication and functional divergence of genes in these systems remain poorly studied. Here, we discovered an association between a poplar (Populus trichocarpa) 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase gene (PtrEPSP) and lignin biosynthesis. Functional characterization of PtrEPSP revealed that this isoform possesses a helix-turn-helix motif in the N terminus and can function as a transcriptional repressor that regulates expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway in addition to performing its canonical biosynthesis function in the shikimate pathway. We demonstrated that this isoform can localize in the nucleus and specifically binds to the promoter and represses the expression of a SLEEPER-like transcriptional regulator, which itself specifically binds to the promoter and represses the expression of PtrMYB021 (known as MYB46 in Arabidopsis thaliana), a master regulator of the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin biosynthesis. Analyses of overexpression and RNAi lines targeting PtrEPSP confirmed the predicted changes in PtrMYB021 expression patterns. These results demonstrate that PtrEPSP in its regulatory form and PtrhAT form a transcriptional hierarchy regulating phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin biosynthesis in Populus

Bonsai Merkle Tree Streams: Bulk Memory Verification Unit for Trusted Program Verification System

Today, all modern computing systems are undoubtedly vulnerable to numerous types of attacks that could be targeted toward any layer of the system from dedicated hardware to highly abstracted software. Unfortunately, many devices and systems naturally contain inadequately protected components or software modules that un- dermine their security as a whole. Additionally, security is heavily variable system to system, and has a huge dependence on adequate implementation and ongoing support from device and software manufacturers. To address these various security issues in a very general way, TrustGuard, a containment security system utilizing an external device called the Sentry that would verify the activity of the host machine and control all incoming/outgoing communication accordingly, was created. To do this, Trust- Guard uses cryptographic memory protection schemes, a small trusted hardware and software base, and recomputation and checking of application behavior running on the host machine at an instruction-by-instruction granularity before allowing exter- nal communication to occur. Currently, however, the TrustGuard system only allows for one 8-byte chunk to be sent or received externally at one time, limiting overall throughput, and heavily polluting the main system caches in the case of large data transfers. To combat this limitation, This thesis proposes a system to allow for ef- ficient communication of large batches of data at once. In particular, it does so by using a small dedicated cache and efficient tree traversal techniques to asynchronously verify large chunks of program memory in stream-like fashion. This thesis primarily serves to provide a design, proof-of-concept, and collection of important information that will help future students implement such a system

Recommendations for a national agenda to substantially reduce cervical cancer

PURPOSE: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and new HPV screening tests, combined with traditional Pap test screening, provide an unprecedented opportunity to greatly reduce cervical cancer in the USA. Despite these advances, thousands of women continue to be diagnosed with and die of this highly preventable disease each year. This paper describes the initiatives and recommendations of national cervical cancer experts toward preventing and possibly eliminating this disease. METHODS: In May 2011, Cervical Cancer-Free America, a national initiative, convened a cervical cancer summit in Washington, DC. Over 120 experts from the public and private sector met to develop a national agenda for reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in the USA. RESULTS: Summit participants evaluated four broad challenges to reducing cervical cancer: (1) low use of HPV vaccines, (2) low use of cervical cancer screening, (3) screening errors, and (4) lack of continuity of care for women diagnosed with cervical cancer. The summit offered 12 concrete recommendations to guide future national and local efforts toward this goal. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer incidence and mortality can be greatly reduced by better deploying existing methods and systems. The challenge lies in ensuring that the array of available prevention options are accessible and utilized by all age-appropriate women-particularly minority and underserved women who are disproportionately affected by this disease. The consensus was that cervical cancer can be greatly reduced and that prevention efforts can lead the way towards a dramatic reduction in this preventable disease in our country

Transformación de residuos orgánicos para la producción de abono con el uso de microorganismos en la empresa Cementos Selva S.A.

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional denominado: “Transformación de Residuos Orgánicos para la Producción de Abono con el uso de Microorganismos en la Empresa Cementos Selva”tiene que ver básicamente con el problema de los residuos sólidos, un problema mundial,queademás, nuestro país y región no son ajenos, y específicamente se trata sobre los residuos orgánicos que se generan dentro de la empresa por parte del proceso de fabricación del cemento, del mantenimiento de áreas verdes y residuos producidos por el personal.En tal sentido, el presente trabajo, basándose en la Constitución Política del Perú y la Ley N.º 27314, Ley de los Residuos Sólidos, propone un proceso sencillo pero eficiente parala transformaciónde los residuos orgánicos que se producen en la Empresa Cementos Selvaen Abono, mediante el uso de MicroorganismosEficientes y un trabajo continuo y controlado de compostaje.El trabajo abarca desde un diagnóstico situacional donde se evidencia la falta de manejo de los residuos sólidos y una caracterización de los mismos para tener en cuenta el material a disposición para luego pasar al procesamiento de dichos residuos y transformarlos en abono, aquí juega un papel indispensable los microorganismos eficientes, quienes son los encargados de descomponer la materia orgánica en un menor tiempo en comparación al proceso natural.Con la ejecución de este trabajo estaremos contribuyendo de manera significativa en el cambio de actitud ambiental de los trabajadores de la empresa y familiares de los mismos, además de contribuir con el desarrollo del área ambiental de la empresa y lo más importante, contribuimos en el cuidado del medio ambiente, nuestro hogar