Qualitative methodology in translational health research : current practices and future directions

Translational health research is an interdisciplinary field aimed at bridging the gap between basic science studies, preventative studies, and clinical practice to improve health-related outcomes. Qualitative research methods provide a unique perspective on the emotional, social, cultural, and contextual factors that influence health and healthcare and thus are recognized as valuable tools for translational health research. This approach can be embedded within a mixed method design which complements the quantitative findings. This methodological paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts and methodologies used in qualitative research, emphasizing their utilization and significance in translational health research. Several approaches to qualitative research methodology are discussed in this review, including ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, case study, and action research. Theoretical frameworks such as the social-ecological model, intersectionality, and participatory action research are also examined to provide a structure for understanding and interpreting complex health issues. This methodological paper also reviews commonly used sampling techniques such as purposive, snowball, convenience, theoretical, and maximum variation sampling, along with data collection methods such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, observation, document analysis, and participatory methods. Moreover, data analysis techniques such as thematic analysis, grounded theory, content analysis, narrative analysis, and reflexive analysis, are discussed in the context of translational health. Overall, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities of using qualitative methods in current practice, while also discussing future directions and providing valuable guidance and insights to researchers interested in conducting qualitative research in translational health

The future Clean Energy Harvesting by Wind Power Generation

The electricity generation today is the major issue toward development of human mankind. The current electricity generation depends almost completely on the fissile fuels like coal, petroleum products etc. we are using it in very large scale resulting in pollution and high cost of electricity. The non-conventional methods like solar & wind is being developed on the scale where its use is affordable and pollution free, without any side effects. In this paper we have discussed the basics of wind power generation and the technologies involved in the process. The overall energy harvesting by wind power plants and transmitting it into usable form can solve the electricity problems, In country like India where electricity demand is estimated to increase at least 30% in next 5 to 10 years. This process involves the complex engineering and out of which some of the basics aspects like capacity , stricter of turbines, Synchronous generators are discussed briefly along with the basic components of the Wind Power Generation. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15015

Impacts of climate change on rice production and strategies for adaptation in Chitwan, Nepal

This study was conducted to understand perception of farmers about climate change; how it affects rice production and what are the local adaptation strategies adopted by farmers to maintain rice yield in Chitwan district of Nepal. A total of 90 rainy season rice farming household were surveyed with semi-structured interview schedule. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS and MS Excel. Majority of the respondents (91.20%) perceived deviation in weather parameters in last 10 years. Most of the farmers had perceived drought as the major impact of climate change and nursery stage of rice to be highly prone to climate impact. Higher proportion of farmers had experienced delay in transplanting and harvesting time of paddy in last 10 years. Many farmers had already replaced local varieties by either improved or hybrid rice variety resilient to climate change. Increased insects infestation and weed menace along with outbreak of new types were found to be major production problem perceived by farmers at study area. Most of the respondents (50%) were expecting technical supports followed by infrastructure development (20.6%) from different organizations. Climate resilient projects and programs designed in bottom up approach to enhance understanding of impacts of climate change will help farmers to cope climate risk on rice production

Realtime video survillence and analytics

Providing smart and intelligent security solutions for home as well as large business is a challenging task, in recent this is a currently a booming topic in the IT industry or in almost every area, where today’s challenges are different the end user needs to have a intelligent solution as well as a cheap price to pay. We therefore represent a software system which uses traditional hardware but has new modern features like object recognition, Intrusion detection, video analytics, Real-time video feed over smart phone. It aims at alerting the user as quick as possible so that the user can stop any unwanted activity going on in the video frame or alert the police.it is believed that using a traditional video surveillance systems a lot of unwanted video data is stored and this causes a lot of memory wastage, and even there is no possible way of use of artificial intelligence and video analytics capability. This decreases the citizen security as well as the capability of the system is not fully used. We have a feature of real-time broad casting the live suspicious video feed to the authenticated user by use of mobile devices such as PDA, Smart phone, Tablets so the user can access the video feed anywhere, any time on any device. The user can also turn on and off the notification and some features or even increase the resolution, zoom in and zoom out. The system uses mechanisms such as deep learning, artificial intelligence, and video analytics to perform the above tasks

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TASTE MASK ORALLY DISPERSIBLE PARACETAMOL TABLET

Mostly the drugs are administered by oral route. Orally dispersible tablets are achieving importance when compared to novel oral drug delivery system. Orodispersible tablets are suitable for all age patients by masking the taste of drug. The objective of the present study was to optimize, formulate and evaluate orally dispersible tablet (ODT) of Paracetamol which disintegrates within few seconds in presence of saliva fluid by the use of super disintegrants.  Paracetamol is widely used over-the counter analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer). It is a very bitter drug so the patients unable to take orally; hence their bitter taste were masked. ODTs Formulations were prepared by Direct Compression and wet granulation method by the use of superdisintegrants and taste masking (F7;F8) is done by Eudragit EPO. The developed formulations were evaluated in terms of weight variation, drug content, friability, thickness, hardness, disintegration and in vitro dissolution test. Stability study of optimized formulation was also carried out as per ICH guidelines. The effects of disintegrants as well as binders in different concentration on the release profile of paracetamol ODTs were studied. The studied parameters were found to be satisfactory for all formulations. Disintegration time for the formulations was found to be less than 40 seconds. Disintegration time for all ODTs decreased with increase in disintegrant concentration. ODTs prepared using Avicel possessed least disintegration time (11s), offered better dissolution profile than that of all the ODTs formulations. Accelerated studies proved that the optimized formulation was stable even after three months. Keywords: Orodispersible tablets, Paracetamol, Prosolv ODT; Eudragit EPO, physical characterization. in-vitro dissolution,Â

Molecular dynamics of plant-virus interactions : unravelling the dual role of ubiquitin proteasome system

Plants response to various biotic and abiotic factors requires not only the de novo synthesis of proteins and enzymes but also their precise and timely degradation. The latter is achieved through protein degradation machinery such as the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPS). The UPS plays a central role in maintaining cellular physiology and orchestrating plant response to stresses responses. The UPS regulates all stages of defense response from pathogen perception to mounting defense response, this make the UPS a suitable candidate for host manipulation. Viruses are obligatory intracellular pathogens and master of manipulating host defense machinery for successful infection and spread. Several reports suggest a dynamic interaction between the host UPS machinery and viruses. This review focuses on our current understanding of the involvement of UPS in defense against plant viruses and how viruses have evolved mechanisms to counter and exploit UPS machinery for their advantage

Token Trails: Navigating Contextual Depths in Conversational AI with ChatLLM

Conversational modeling using Large Language Models (LLMs) requires a nuanced understanding of context to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses. In this paper, we present Token Trails, a novel approach that leverages token-type embeddings to navigate the intricate contextual nuances within conversations. Our framework utilizes token-type embeddings to distinguish between user utterances and bot responses, facilitating the generation of context-aware replies. Through comprehensive experimentation and evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of Token Trails in improving conversational understanding and response generation, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Our results highlight the significance of contextual modeling in conversational AI and underscore the promising potential of Token Trails to advance the field, paving the way for more sophisticated and contextually aware chatbot interactions

An Experimental Investigation of Cavitation Bulk Nanobubbles Characteristics: Effects of pH and Surface-active Agents

Understanding the behavior of nanobubbles (NBs) in various aqueous solutions is a challenging task. The present work investigates the effects of various surfactants (i.e., anionic, cationic, and nonionic) and pH medium on bulk NBs formation, size, concentration, bubble size distribution (BSD), zeta potential, and stability. The effect of surfactant was investigated at various concentrations above and below critical micelle concentrations. NBs were created in DI water using a piezoelectric transducer. The stability of NBs was assessed by tracking the change in size and concentration over time. NBs size is small in the neutral medium compared to the other surfactant or pH mediums. The size, concentration, BSD, and stability of NBs are strongly influenced by the zeta potential rather than the solution medium. BSD curve shifts to lower bubble sizes when the magnitude of zeta potential is high in any solution. NBs were observed to exist for a long time, either in pure water, surfactant, or pH solutions. The longevity of NBs is shortened in environments with pH less than 3. Surfactant adsorption on the NBs surface increases with surfactant concentration up to a certain limit, beyond which it declines considerably. The Derjaguin-LandauVerwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory was used to interpret the NBs stability, which resulted in a total potential energy barrier that is positive and greater than 43.90kBT for pH ranging from 6.0 to 11.0, whereas, for pH below 6, the potential energy barrier essentially vanishes. Moreover, an effort has also been made to elucidate the plausible prospect of ion distribution and its alignment surrounding NBs in cationic and anionic surfactants. The present research will extend the in-depth investigation of NBs for industrial applications involving NBs

Blunt abdominal trauma: the experience in rural India and review of literature

Background: Blunt Abdominal trauma is one of the most common injuries caused due to road traffic accidents. The rapid increase in number of motor vehicles and its aftermath has caused rapid increase in number of victims due to blunt abdominal trauma. As the care of patients with blunt abdominal injuries is largely a surgical responsibility and abdominal injuries involving major hemorrhage from solid viscera constitute surgical emergencies. Abdominal blunt traumas represent a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to even a most experienced surgeon, thereby representing importance of its study. Early diagnosis and effective management help in decreasing mortality in blunt abdominal trauma.Methods: Prospective study of 50 patients admitted to the institute with history of Blunt Abdominal Trauma. After initial resuscitation of the patients, thorough assessments for injuries were carried out in all the patients. Documentation of patients, which included identification, history, clinical findings, diagnostic test, operative findings, operative procedures and complications during the stay in the hospital were all recorded on a Performa specially prepared. The management was decided depending upon history, clinical examination and investigations.Results: Males were predominantly affected, and most cases were between the age group of 21-40 years (76%). Majority of the patients (90%) presented with the complaint of abdominal pain followed by abdominal distension (56%). 36(60%) patients were managed conservatively while operative interventions were required in 24(40%) patients. The common surgeries performed in the patients included splenectomy, primary closure of perforation and resection and anastomosis of bowel. Majority of the patients (80%) were discharged within 20 days of admission. The mortality in present study was 13.3%.Conclusions: Blunt Abdominal Trauma is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in young adults. Immediate resuscitative measures, management of associated injuries and appropriate operative intervention are important parts of management of such cases