Planspiele: zum Verhältnis von Bild und Musik bei Peter Greenaway und Michael Nyman

Der folgende Artikel entstand für ein Buch über Filmmusik, das Hans-Christian Schmidt (Universität Osnabrück) bei der Wissenschaftlichen Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt mit zahlreichen in- und ausländischen Beiträgen 1994 herausgeben wollte. Leider scheiterte das Vorhaben, da es ihm nicht gelang, die versprochenen Aufsätze rechtzeitig zu bekommen. 1996 wurde das Buchprojekt abgesagt. Mein Beitrag war damals zwar rechtzeitig fertig, droht nun allerdings durch den immer länger werdenden Zeitverzug - und neue Bücher über Greenaway - an Aktualität zu verlieren. Vielleicht ist dies hier ein geeigneter nostalgischer Ort zur Veröffentlichung

Short-term effect of whole milk and milk fermented by Pseudomonas fluorescens on plasma lipids in adult boars

The short-term effects of whole milk and milk fermented by Pseudomonas fluorescens, of the amino acid composition of the diet and of feeding frequency on the level of plasma lipids, were investigated in six 1-year-old adult boars. The experimental diets contained equal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat and cholesterol. After an adaptation period of 5 d for each experimental treatment, blood was collected at regular intervals during 48 h and plasma levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol were examined). All variables except HDL-cholesterol showed distinct diurnal fluctuations, which were substantially influenced by feeding frequency. Variations in the amino acid composition of the experimental diets, which were within a physiological range, had no effect on the level of plasma lipids. Plasma lipid levels were significantly lower when the animals received the diets containing milk instead of the diet without milk: cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL-cholesterol were reduced by 5.6, 5.8 and 10% respectively (pondered means) while HDL-cholesterol remained unaffected. Fermentation of whole milk by P. fluorescens reduced the lipid-lowering effect. Our findings suggest that the intake of diets containing milk results in a lower plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level than the intake of diets with a similar nutrient content which do not contain mil

Patient-level meta-analysis of the EDITION 1, 2 and 3 studies : glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in people with type 2 diabetes

AimsTo conduct a patient-level meta-analysis of the EDITION 1, 2 and 3 studies, which compared the efficacy and safety of new insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) with insulin glargine 100 U/ml (Gla-100) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on basal and mealtime insulin, basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs, or no prior insulin, respectively. MethodsThe EDITION studies were multicentre, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, phase IIIa studies, with similar designs and endpoints. A patient-level meta-analysis of the studies enabled these endpoints to be examined over 6 months in a large population with T2DM (Gla-300, n = 1247; Gla-100, n = 1249). ResultsNo significant study-by-treatment interactions across studies were found, enabling them to be pooled. The mean change in glycated haemoglobin was comparable for Gla-300 and Gla-100 [each -1.02 (standard error 0.03)%; least squares (LS) mean difference 0.00 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.08 to 0.07)%]. Annualized rates of confirmed (3.9 mmol/l) or severe hypoglycaemia were lower with Gla-300 than with Gla-100 during the night (31% difference in rate ratio over 6 months) and at any time (24 h, 14% difference). Consistent reductions were observed in percentage of participants with 1 hypoglycaemic event. Severe hypoglycaemia at any time (24 h) was rare (Gla-300: 2.3%; Gla-100: 2.6%). Weight gain was low ( ConclusionGla-300 provides comparable glycaemic control to Gla-100 in a large population with a broad clinical spectrum of T2DM, with consistently less hypoglycaemia at any time of day and less nocturnal hypoglycaemia.Peer reviewe

Better glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine 300 U/mL vs glargine 100 U/mL : 1-year patient-level meta-analysis of the EDITION clinical studies in people with type 2 diabetes

AimsTo investigate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300U/mL (Gla-300) vs insulin glargine 100U/mL (Gla-100) over 12months in a patient-level meta-analysis, using data from the EDITION studies in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods EDITION 1, 2 and 3 were multicentre, randomized, open-label, 2-arm, parallel-group, treat-to-target phase IIIa studies. Similar study designs and endpoints enabled a meta-analysis to be conducted. ResultsReductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were better sustained over 12months with Gla-300 than with Gla-100 (least squares [LS] mean difference in change from baseline: -0.10 % [95% confidence interval {CI} -0.18 to -0.02] or -1.09mmol/mol [95% CI -2.01 to -0.20]; P=.0174). Risk of confirmed (3.9mmol/L) or severe hypoglycaemia was 15% lower with Gla-300 vs Gla-100 at night (relative risk 0.85 [95% CI 0.77-0.92]) and 6% lower at any time of day (relative risk 0.94 [95% CI 0.90-0.98]). Rates of hypoglycaemia were 18% lower with Gla-300 vs Gla-100 at night (rate ratio 0.82 [95% CI 0.67-0.99]), but comparable at any time of day. HbA1c ConclusionsIn a broad population of people with T2DM over 12months, use of Gla-300 provided more sustained glycaemic control and significantly lower hypoglycaemia risk at night and at any time of day compared with Gla-100.Peer reviewe

Complex Patterns of Metabolic and Ca²⁺ Entrainment in Pancreatic Islets by Oscillatory Glucose

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is pulsatile and driven by intrinsic oscillations in metabolism, electrical activity, and Ca(2+) in pancreatic islets. Periodic variations in glucose can entrain islet Ca(2+) and insulin secretion, possibly promoting interislet synchronization. Here, we used fluorescence microscopy to demonstrate that glucose oscillations can induce distinct 1:1 and 1:2 entrainment of oscillations (one and two oscillations for each period of exogenous stimulus, respectively) in islet Ca(2+), NAD(P)H, and mitochondrial membrane potential. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of metabolic entrainment in islets, and we found that entrainment of metabolic oscillations requires voltage-gated Ca(2+) influx. We identified diverse patterns of 1:2 entrainment and showed that islet synchronization during entrainment involves adjustments of both oscillatory phase and period. All experimental findings could be recapitulated by our recently developed mathematical model, and simulations suggested that interislet variability in 1:2 entrainment patterns reflects differences in their glucose sensitivity. Finally, our simulations and recordings showed that a heterogeneous group of islets synchronized during 1:2 entrainment, resulting in a clear oscillatory response from the collective. In summary, we demonstrate that oscillatory glucose can induce complex modes of entrainment of metabolically driven oscillations in islets, and provide additional support for the notion that entrainment promotes interislet synchrony in the pancreas

Reducing Depression and Suicide Ideation Among College Students

Suicide rates have been on the rise for the past 30 years; 42,773 Americans dying every year by suicide. Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death among all ages, but the second leading cause of death among Americans ages 15-24. College students traditionally fall within this age group, and are especially at risk for suicide due to stressful life conditions. The University of Kentucky, located centrally within Kentucky in the city of Lexington, is an ideal location for a suicide prevention intervention. Students demonstrated an increased rate of depression compared to the national population (15.13% of students surveyed reported a recent depressive episode and 11.21% reported a past episode). The Counseling Center within the University is at capacity, and currently sees 5% of students. In support of this grant, the University of Kentucky has created the Suicide Prevention Operations Task force (UK SPOT), with three main objectives: 1) deliver gatekeeper training to students and faculty; 2) increase screening efforts in healthcare settings; and 3) enhance availability of current mental health services. For objective 1, Kognito At-Risk program is administered to university students, faculty, and staff. The Kognito At-Risk program is a 30- minute online training that prepares participants to recognize symptoms of mental health distress that, left unaddressed, could lead to severe depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicide ideation. The interactive program is self-paced and narrative driven, which provides and engaging simulation that is representative of real life stressors and situations faced by college students. Kognito teaches users to recognize signs of distress, engage in meaningful conversation, and refer students to appropriate services. For objective 2, additional screening will occur at University Health Services (UHS) through administration of the Beck Depression Inventory of Primary Care to students, and additional suicide prevention training with providers with Kognito At-Risk training and suicide consultation. For objective 3, additional staff will be utilized to increase capacity of the Counseling Center. The Kognito At-Risk program will be evaluated with a pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up survey to gauge self-efficacy, knowledge, course satisfaction, and demographics. Additional measures will include campus-wide mental health surveys, monitoring of referral rates at UHS, and service uptakes at the Counseling Center. Long-term outcomes will lead to increased use of Counseling Center resources and reduced rates of suicide ideation

A system for control of use of didactic material at the distance

The increases checked in the processing capacity and in the power of communication of the nets they allow to propose didactic systems with the integration of new technologies to the education, such as audio and video. Today, it can observe an expressive increase of digital information published through the Internet. This research emphasizes the use of the computer and of the Internet as parts of the teaching atmosphere at the distance. The implemented system allows to establish (i) measures of control of use of the available didactic material in the Internet, as well as the application of (ii) evaluation techniques for, finally, (iii) to specify concrete approaches to compose the evaluation process of the learning at the distance. For so much, it was projected and implemented a software for this atmosphere type with the objective of checking that the ideas proposals are viable. A direct consequence of the use of this atmosphere type is the need of a larger training so much of teachers as of students, for demanding a change of the habitual teaching-learning process, such as (i) the operation of the atmosphere of computerized teaching, (ii) the softwares involved for sailing and responsibility, (iii) notions of nets of computers and (iv) the introduction of evaluation approaches in the system.Eje: Tecnología informática aplicada en la EducaciónRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI