Dissipation and enstrophy statistics in turbulence : are the simulations and mathematics converging?

Since the advent of cluster computing over 10 years ago there has been a steady output of new and better direct numerical simulation of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence with spectra and lower-order statistics converging to experiments and many phenomenological models. The next step is to directly compare these simulations to new models and new mathematics, employing the simulated data sets in novel ways, especially when experimental results do not exist or are poorly converged. For example, many of the higher-order moments predicted by the models converge slowly in experiments. The solution with a simulation is to do what an experiment cannot. The calculation and analysis of Yeung, Donzis & Sreenivasan (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 700, 2012, pp. 5–15) represents the vanguard of new simulations and new numerical analysis that will fill this gap. Where individual higher-order moments of the vorticity squared (the enstrophy) and kinetic energy dissipation might be converging slowly, they have focused upon ratios between different moments that have better convergence properties. This allows them to more fully explore the statistical distributions that eventually must be modelled. This approach is consistent with recent mathematics that focuses upon temporal intermittency rather than spatial intermittency. The principle is that when the flow is nearly singular, during ‘bad’ phases, when global properties can go up and down by many orders of magnitude, if appropriate ratios are taken, convergence rates should improve. Furthermore, in future analysis it might be possible to use these ratios to gain new insights into the intermittency and regularity properties of the underlying equations

Topics in Cosmology

These lectures present a brief review of inflationary cosmology, provide an overview of the theory of cosmological perturbations, and then focus on the conceptual problems of the current paradigm of early universe cosmology, thus motivating an exploration of the potential of string theory to provide a new paradigm. Specifically, the string gas cosmology model is introduced, and a resulting mechanism for structure formation which does not require a period of cosmological inflation is discussed.Comment: Invited lectures at the Summer School on Particle Physics, Gravity and Cosmology (Dubrovnik, August 2006), publ. in the on-line proceedings (PoS(P2GC)007). 46 pages, 5 figure

Alsophis sanctaecrucis

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Evaluation of Plantings for Wildlife on a Power Line Right of Way in Southern Arkansas

The combination of types of land preparation and species of plants seeded along a power line right-of-way was evaluated in terms of the effects upon wildlife. Relative population densities of plants, birds, and mammals were determined for each of the areas under study. A study of the reduction in maintenance costs in relation to the initial investment for preparation and seeding of the land was mad

Ialtris parishi

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Alsophis melanichnus

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Exploring CP Violation and η\eta-η′\eta' Mixing with the Bs,d0→J/ψη(′)B^0_{s,d} \to J/\psi \eta^{(\prime)} Systems

The $B^0_{s,d} \to J/\psi \eta^{(\prime)}$ decays provide new terrain for exploring CP violation. After briefly discussing $\eta$-$\eta'$ mixing, we analyse the effective lifetimes and CP-violating observables of the $B_s$ channels, which allow us to probe New-Physics effects in $B^0_s$-$\bar B^0_s$ mixing. We have a critical look at these observables and show how hadronic corrections can be controlled by means of the $B_d$ decays. Using measurements of the $B^0_{s,d}\to J/\psi \eta^{(\prime)}$ branching ratios by the Belle collaboration, we discuss tests of the $SU(3)_F$ flavour symmetry of strong interactions, obtain the first constraints on the hadronic parameters entering the $B^0_{s,d} \to J/\psi \eta$ system, and predict the $B^0_d\to J/\psi \eta'$ branching ratio at the $5\times10^{-6}$ level. Furthermore, we present strategies for the determination of the $\eta$-$\eta'$ mixing parameters from the $B^0_{s,d} \to J/\psi \eta^{(\prime)}$ observables. We also observe that the $B^0_{s,d} \to J/\psi \eta$ and $B^0_{s,d} \to J/\psi \eta'$ decays are - from a formal point of view - analogous to the quark-antiquark and tetraquark descriptions of the $f_0(980)$ in the $B^0_{s,d} \to J/\psi f_0(980)$ channels, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure