Rincones de actividad: una manera de fomentar la integración de hijos e hijas de inmigrantes en nuestras aulas infantiles

Treball de Final Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic 2015-2016Los movimientos migratorios han situado en nuestro país a una gran cantidad de personas de diferentes orígenes, y por tanto, los centros educativos públicos acostumbran tener una considerable afluencia de alumnado inmigrante. Es por esto, que los docentes deben de ofrecer las condiciones necesarias en su aula para promover actitudes democráticas y de igualdad entre el alumnado. En esta línea, el presente trabajo de final de grado surge a partir de la siguiente hipótesis: la metodología por rincones de actividad fomenta la integración de los hijos e hijas de inmigrantes en nuestras aulas infantiles. Así pues, el objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar si la organización del aula por rincones favorece la integración del alumnado procedente de familias inmigrantes en las aulas españolas. Para ello, este trabajo consta de una investigación cualitativa en un aula de 3 años de Educación Infantil donde se trabaja por rincones de actividad. Los sujetos de estudio seleccionados son los 8 alumnos y alumnas del aula que proceden de familias extranjeras. La investigación se ha llevado a cabo a través de la estrategia de la triangulación, y es por esto, que se han pasado tres instrumentos de evaluación diferentes, a tres fuentes de datos diferentes. En primer lugar, una escala de estimación rellenada por la maestra en prácticas, posteriormente, un cuestionario para los familiares, y por último, una autoevaluación para el alumnado. De este modo, se podrán extraer los resultados de los diferentes instrumentos y así, comprobar si los hijos e hijas de inmigrantes están integrados en éste aula donde se trabaja por rincones de actividad.Migratory movements have located in our country a lot of people from different backgrounds, and therefore public schools usually have a considerable influx of immigrant students. That is why, that teachers should offer the necessary conditions in the classroom to promote democratic and equality among students attitudes. In this line, this final degree work arises from the following hypothesis: the corners of activity methodology, promotes the integration of immigrant children in our children's classrooms. Thus the aim of this work is to check whether classroom organization for corners favors the integration of students from immigrant families in Spanish classrooms. To do this, this work consists of qualitative research in a classroom of 3 years of Early Childhood Education where he works activity corners. The subjects of study are 8 classroom students coming from foreign families. Research has been carried out through triangulation strategy, and that is why, that have been three different evaluation instruments, three different data sources. First, a estimation scale completed by the trainee teacher, then a questionnaire for relatives, and finally a self-assessment for students. Thus, it can extract the results of different instruments and thus check whether the children of immigrants are integrated into this classroom where work by activity corners

Structural and functional characterization of salmon STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9 homologs sheds light on interferon signaling in teleosts

AbstractMammalian IRF9 and STAT2, together with STAT1, form the ISGF3 transcription factor complex, which is critical for type I interferon (IFN)-induced signaling, while IFNγ stimulation is mediated by homodimeric STAT1 protein. Teleost fish are known to possess most JAK and STAT family members, however, description of their functional activity in lower vertebrates is still scarce. In the present study we have identified two different STAT2 homologs and one IRF9 homolog from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Both proteins have domain-like structures with functional motifs that are similar to higher vertebrates, suggesting that they are orthologs to mammalian STAT2 and IRF9. The two identified salmon STAT2s, named STAT2a and STAT2b, showed high sequence identity but were divergent in their transactivation domain (TAD). Like STAT1, ectopically expressed STAT2a and b were shown to be tyrosine phosphorylated by type I IFNs and, interestingly, also by IFNγ. Microscopy analyses demonstrated that STAT2 co-localized with STAT1a in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells, while IFNa1 and IFNγ stimulation seemed to favor their nuclear localization. Overexpression of STAT2a or STAT2b together with STAT1a activated a GAS-containing reporter gene construct in IFNγ-stimulated cells. The highest induction of GAS promoter activation was found in IFNγ-stimulated cells transfected with IRF9 alone. Taken together, these data suggest that salmon STAT2 and IRF9 may have a role in IFNγ-induced signaling and promote the expression of GAS-driven genes in bony fish. Since mammalian STAT2 is primarily an ISGF3 component and not involved in IFNγ signaling, our finding features a novel role for STAT2 in fish

Reservoir Computing in the Spiking Domain Using Developmental Cellular Automata Machines

As computer systems and networks grow in size and complexity, traditional top-down en- gineering techniques are quickly beckoming inadequate for achieving the desired results. Designing such systems that are robust and resilient, are able to adapt and self-regulate, can self-reproduce and learn autonomously is a tremendously hard task. These features are however present in many biological organisms, wherein they emerge through evolu- tion and development. In the fields of unconventional and biologically inspired computing, these techniques are used to create computing systems with the same type of complexity as that found in biological systems. Cellular Automata (CAs) are an example of a biolog- ically inspired computing system that can achieve complex, global computation through local interaction between simple cells at a vast scale. While the computational capabilities of CAs have been researched extensively, they have not seen mainstream adaption as a computational paradigm. Programmability and encod- ing/decoding of input/output are two major challenges facing cellular computing systems. Manually specifying the functionality of each cell in such a way that the desired emergent global behavior of the CA as a whole is achieved, is infeasible for non-trivial systems. Problem input is usually encoded in the initial state of the system, and output is decoded from the state after the system has been simulated some amount of time. The Cellular Automata Research Platform (CARP) is an FPGA-based implementation of a developmental cellular architecture, aiming to facilitate research into use of artificial development and evolution to create cellular computing systems. At an abstract level, it implements a dynamical system with dynamical structure (DS)2, a system for which both behavior and structure are emerging properties. Behavior influences further structural development and vice versa. In this thesis, the platform is extended to incorporate the developmental CA into a reser- voir computing architecture. Reservoir computing (RC) is a novel approach to machine learning in which temporal input is imposed as perturbations on a dynamic reservoir and output is read out by performing a linear classification of the reservoir state some time af- ter the initial perturbation. By combining RC and developmental CAs, the CARP system solves many of the issues relating to programming of and I/O encoding/decoding with cel- lular computing systems. It also opens up new possibilities for the developed organisms to adapt and learn based on their environment. The CARP platform has been extended with a reconfigurable readout layer implemented as a spiking neural network (SNN) that classifies the dynamics of the reservoir, the developmental CA. An SNN is chosen to allow the system operate entirely in the spiking domain, as input data and the dynamic behavior of the reservoir is already spiking in nature. The extended platform has been verified through extensive testing, both in simulation and end-to-end on actual hardware

An Assessment of Factors Influencing Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment in the Norwegian Smelter Industry and the Effect of a Knowledge-based Intervention

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and other respiratory illness have been shown to be more prevalent in Norwegian smelter workers compared to the general population. There is evidence suggesting that the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) can be sub-optimal in occupations with respiratory exposure. This thesis investigated psychological factors thought to influence intention to use RPE, and reported RPE use in a sample of Norwegian smelter workers. Results indicated that RPE use is at times sub-optimal, that disposable RPEs were still commonly used and that there were barriers related to proper use. A modified version of the Theory of Planned Behavior was compiled and structural equation modeling was used to investigate how attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, safety climate and work experience predicted intention to use RPE. The relationship between intention and reported behavior was also investigated. Results indicated that Attitudes and Subjective norms and safety climate were the best predictors of intention to use respirators. An intervention study was designed aiming to improve intention and use of RPE. Data was collected at four intervals using questionnaires: at baseline and three follow-ups, two weeks, three and nine months post intervention. The results revealed that participants in the two interventions groups showed small but significant improvements over the control group. The thesis concludes that attitudes, subjective norms and safety climate are important predictors of intention to use RPE, and that tailored and interactive interventions may improve knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, intentions, perceptions of inconvenience and perceptions of organizational support regarding the use of RPE. In addition, the intervention effect was shown to persist throughout the project period.Det er observert hyppigere forekomst av kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (KOLS), astma, luftveissykdommer og fall i lungefunksjon blant norske smelteverksarbeidere enn hos den øvrige befolkningen. Det er tidligere rapportert at bruken av åndedrettsvern kan være sub-optimal i andre industrier. Denne avhandlingen undersøkte psykologiske faktorers innflytelse på intensjonen til å bruke, samt rapportert bruk av åndedrettsvern. Studien viste at bruken av åndedrettsvern er sub-optimal blant annet grunnet vanskelige arbeidssituasjoner og uforenlighet med annet sikkerhetsutstyr. En modifisert versjon av Theory of Planned Behavior ble utviklet for å utforske hvordan sammenhengen mellom holdninger, subjektive normer, opplevd kontroll, sikkerhetsklima og arbeidsopplevelse korrelerte med intensjonen til bruk av åndedrettsvern. Forholdet mellom intensjonen og rapportert bruk ble undersøkt ved bruk av regresjon. Resultatene indikerte at holdninger, subjektive normer og sikkerhetsklima var de beste prediktorene for intensjonen til å bruke åndedrettsvern. En intervensjon ble skreddersydd til industrien og arbeidsoppgavene deres for å øke intensjonen og bruken av åndedrettsvern. Spørreskjema ble brukt for å samle inn data, og ble utlevert før intervensjonen og 2 uker, 3- og 9 måneder etter intervensjonen. Funnene indikerte små men signifikante forskjeller mellom intervensjonsgruppene og kontrollgruppen. Avhandlingen konkluderte med at holdninger, subjektive normer og sikkerhetsklima er viktige prediktorer for intensjonen til å bruke åndedrettsvern, og at intervensjoner kan brukes for å øke kunnskap, holdninger, subjektive normer, intensjon, opplevelsen av ulemper og opplevelsen av organisasjon i relasjon til bruken av åndedrettsvern. Effekten av intervensjonen vedvarte over tid

Making new ambitions work: the transformation of norwegian special operation forces

Norwegian Special Operations Forces are traditionally divided according to their service affiliation, i.e. to the Army or Navy respectively. Transforming these forces to be prepared for current and emerging threats has mainly been an issue of organizational redesign, arguably for the benefit of reduced costs, rather than an issue of future roles and missions. This article offers an alternative perspective on transformation in which organizational design is viewed as a function of the way Special Operations Forces generally conduct missions. Special operations missions and tasks can broadly be categorised into direct and indirect action capabilities. Direct action capabilities are those that bring force directly into contact with the enemy. According to national and NATO doctrine, these are special reconnaissance and direct action missions and tasks. Indirect action capabilities are those that bring force to the enemy indirectly through a surrogate force, whether this is a guerrilla/insurgent force or a security force, a task doctrinally referred to as military assistance. With respect to the future transformation of Norwegian Special Operations Forces, this article claims that the current organizational structure, i.e., maintaining two separate units, should be maintained if indirect action capabilities are to be emphasized and developed as a primary capability, which is not the case today. If special operations capabilities continue to focus on direct action capabilities, current organizational design is not necessarily optimal, and a merger option is therefore relevant

Recommendations on future driving instructor standards in Portugal

The recommendations on future driving instructor standards in Portugal are mainly based on experiences from the Norwegian model for driving instructor education; its organisational structure, topics and objectives, taking into consideration our knowledge and information on the existing Portuguese system for driving instructor education and training. Therefore introductorily a brief overview of the Norwegian Driving Instructor Education and driving licence system

Relative performance of salmonid phenotypes across environments and competitive intensities

PhD i biologiPhD in Biolog

Endomyocardial, intralymphocyte, and whole blood concentrations of ciclosporin A in heart transplant recipients

BACKGROUND: In the early phases following heart transplantation a main challenge is to reduce the impact of acute rejections. Previous studies indicate that intracellular ciclosporin A (CsA) concentration may be a sensitive acute rejection marker in renal transplant recipients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationships between CsA concentrations at different target sites as potential therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) tools in heart transplant recipients. METHODS: Ten heart transplant recipients (8 men, 2 women) on CsA-based immunosuppression were enrolled in this prospective single-center pilot study. Blood samples were obtained once to twice weekly up to 12 weeks post-transplant. One of the routine biopsies was allocated to this study at each sampling time. Whole blood, intralymphocyte, and endomyocardial CsA concentrations were determined with validated HPLC-MS/MS-methods. Mann–Whitney U test was used when evaluating parameters between the two groups of patients. To correlate whole blood, intralymphocyte, and endomyocardial CsA concentrations linear regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Three patients experienced mild rejections. In the study period, the mean (range) intralymphocyte CsA trough concentrations were 10.1 (1.5 to 39) and 8.1 (1.3 to 25) ng/10(6) cells in the rejection and no-rejection group, respectively (P=0.21). Corresponding whole blood CsA concentrations were 316 (153 to 564) and 301 (152 to 513) ng/mL (P=0.33). There were no correlations between whole blood, intralymphocyte, or endomyocardial concentrations of CsA (P >0.11). CONCLUSIONS: The study did not support an association between decreasing intralymphocyte CsA concentrations and acute rejections. Further, there were no association between blood concentrations and concentrations at sites of action, potentially challenging TDM in these patients