Avaliação de um programa de intervenção para promover a saúde sexual de adolescentes mexicanos em conflito com a lei

O propósito desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade de um programa de intervenção para promover a saúde sexual de adolescentes que se encontram em conflito com a lei. Trabalhou-se com 118 adolescentes pertencentes a uma comunidade de diagnóstico. Foi utilizado um desenho quase-experimental com um grupo de intervenção e um de controle, conformado por três fases: pré-avaliação, intervenção e pós-avaliação. A intervenção consistiu em cinco sessões de duas horas cada uma e foi formada pelos elementos que respondem ao modelo ecológico em seus três níveis: microssistema (conhecimentos, crenças, atitudes, intenção e autoeficácia para usar preservativo, autoestima, comunicação com o parceiro, estilos de negociação para usar preservativo, entre outros); mesossistema (apoio, supervisão e comunicação com os pais, entre outros) e macrossistema (estereótipos de gênero). Foi realizada uma análise de medidas repetidas. Os resultados mostraram mudanças entre o grupo controle e o experimental a favor deste último em todas as variáveis do modelo, exceto em comunicação com o parceiro e autoestima. Os achados são discutidos quanto à importância de desenhar programas com base no modelo ecológico dirigidos à população que se encontra num ambiente privado de liberdade.The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote sexual health of adolescents in conflict with the law. The study was carried out with 118 adolescents belonging to a diagnosis community. A quasi-experimental design was used with an intervention group and one control group, consisting of three phases: preevaluation, intervention and post-evaluation. The intervention, which consisted of five sessions of two hours each one, comprised the elements that respond to the ecological model in its three levels: micro-system (knowledge, believes, attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy to use condoms, self-esteem, communication with partner, negotiating styles, etc.); meso-system (support, supervision and communication with parent, etc.) and macro-system (gender stereotypes). An analysis of repeated measures was performed. Results showed changes between control and experimental groups, in favor of the latter in all the variables of the model, except for partner communication and self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of designing programs based on the ecological model aimed at people who are deprived of freedom.El propósito de la presente investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervención para promover la salud sexual de adolescentes que se encuentran en conflicto con la ley. Se trabajó con 118 adolescentes pertenecientes a una comunidad de diagnóstico. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con un grupo de intervención y uno control, conformado por tres fases: preevaluación, intervención y postevaluación. La intervención consistió en cinco sesiones de dos horas cada una, y estuvo conformada por los elementos que responden al modelo ecológico en sus tres niveles: microsistema (conocimientos, creencias, actitudes, intención y autoeficacia para usar condón, autoestima, comunicación con pareja, estilos de negociación para usar condón, entre otras); mesosistema (apoyo, supervisión y comunicación con padre y madre, entre otras), y macrosistema (estereotipos de género). Se realizó un análisis de medidas repetidas. Los resultados mostraron cambios entre el grupo control y el experimental, a favor de este último en todas las variables del modelo, excepto en comunicación con la pareja y autoestima. Los hallazgos se discuten en términos de la importancia de diseñar programas con base en el modelo ecológico dirigidos a población que se encuentran en un ambiente privado de la libertad

Procedimiento para la purificación de ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA)

Número de publicación: ES2292341 A1 (01.03.2008) También publicado como: ES2292341 B1 (16.03.2009) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.)P200600777 (13.03.2006)La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la purificación de EPA mediante reacciones enzimáticas de esterificación, caracterizadas por lipasas, a partir de extractos de pescado y microalgas y al uso del factor adimensional de eficacia para la cuantificación de la eficacia de las lipasas para concentrar y recuperar de forma simultánea un ácido graso poliinsaturado en la fracción de ácidos grasos libres.Universidad de Almerí

Realization of Sinusoidal Forces at CEM

This paper describes the procedure implemented at CEM for dynamic force calibration using sinusoidal excitations of force transducers. The method is based on a sinusoidal excitation of force transducers equipped with an additional top mass excited with an electrodynamic shaker system. The acceleration is measured by means of a laser vibrometer

Obtención de ácido eicosapentaenoico de alta pureza a partir de la microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum mediante un proceso de tres etapas

Número de publicación: ES2120898 A1 (01.11.1998) También publicado como: ES2120898 B1 (16.05.1999) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P9602090 (04.10.1996)El ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA), de alto interés para la salud humana, ha sido obtenido de la microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum mediante un proceso de tres etapas: extracción de los ácidos grasos por saponificación directa de la biomasa húmeda; concentración de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) por el método de la urea y purificación del EPA por cromatografía liquida de alta resolución (HPLC). La extracción de los ácidos grasos se ha llevado a cabo con koh-etanol (96% v/v) (1h, 60 c) extrayéndose el 90,9% del EPA presente en la biomasa. La relación urea/ácidos grasos ha sido 4:1 p/p, la temperatura de cristalización 28 c y se ha utilizado metanol como disolvente de la urea, obteniéndose un rendimiento del 78,6% en EPA. La purificación del EPA se ha realizado en una columna de 4,7 cm d.i. X 30 cm, fase inversa c18 y utilizando metanol-agua (1% ACH) 80:20 p:p como fase móvil; el 97,3% del EPA cargado en la columna se ha recuperado con una pureza del 95,8%. El rendimiento global del proceso es del 69,5%. La producción de EPA de alta pureza es de 2,46 g/día, determinada por la producción de biomasa de phaeodactylum tricornutum de un fotobiorreactor tubular externo (100 g/día). Este mismo proceso puede aplicarse a otras microalgas y a la obtención de otros PUFAsUniversidad de Almerí

Model biopsychicalsocial in the syndromes of vertebral pain: implications for the protocolize

[Resumen] De forma tradicional el modelo biomédico ha predominado en la práctica asistencial. A diferencia de éste, el modelo biopsicosocial considera a la persona como un todo y hace énfasis sobre la función en lugar de centrarse exclusivamente en el alivio del dolor. En este sentido, la Fisioterapia para el tratamiento de los problemas de espalda, y en concreto para la cervicalgia, tiene que considerar, además del alivio del dolor, la cronicidad y la recurrencia como elementos a considerar en el diseño de actividades protocolizadas.[Abstract] In a traditional way the biomedical model has prevailed in the health care. Against it the biopsychicalsocial pattern considers to the person as a whole and it makes emphasis on the function instead of being centered exclusively in the relief of the pain. In this sense, Physiotheraphy for the treatment of the back problems and in this case for the neck pain, it has to consider besides the relief of the pain, the chronic and the new episodies like elements to consider in the design of protocolized activities

New Insights into the Concept of Ilmenite as an Indicator for Diamond Exploration, Based on Kimberlite Petrographic Analysis

This study presents results of the initial phase of the research project, "Kimberlites associated to the Lucapa structure, Angola (Africa)", within the framework of a multilateral agreement between the Faculty of Geology Universitat de Barcelona, the Empresa Nacional de Diamantes de Angola and the Agostinho Neto University (LuandaAngola)

Death and Liver Transplantation within Two Years of Onset of Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of death and indication for liver transplantation (fatality). The role of DILI in these fatalities ispoorly characterized particularly when fatalities occur > 26 weeks after DILI onset. We analyzed patients in the U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network prospective study having a fatal outcome within 2 years of onset. Each case was reviewed by 8 Network investigators and categorized as DILI having a primary, contributory or no role in the fatality. We subcategorized primary role cases as acute, chronic, acute-on-chronic or acute cholestatic liver failure. For contributory and no role cases, we assigned a primary cause of death. Among 1089 patients, 107 (9.8%) fatalities occurred within 2 years. DILI had a primary role in 68 (64%), a contributory role in 15 (14%) and no role in 22 (21%); 2 had insufficient data. Among primary role cases, 74% had acute, 13% chronic, 7% acute-on-chronic and 6% acute cholestatic failure. For the 15 contributory role cases, common causes of death included sepsis, malignancy and severe cutaneous reactions with multi-organ failure. For the 22 no role cases, malignancies accounted for most fatalities. Higher bilirubin, coagulopathy, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were independently associated with DILI fatalities. nR Hy's Law had a higher positive predictive value for overall fatality (14% vs. 10%) and stronger independent association with DILI fatalities within 26 weeks compared to the original version of Hy's Law (HR: 6.2, CI 3.4 – 11.1 vs. 2.2, CI 1.3-3.7). DILI leads directly or indirectly to fatality in 7.6% of cases; 40% of these have non-acute liver failure courses. nR Hy's Law better identifies risk for death compared to the original Hy's Law

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Elastomeric Modules: Evaluation of Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties

Abstract: In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ on orthodontic elastomeric modules (OEM) using silver nitrate salts as metal-ion precursors and extract of the plant Hetheroteca inuloides (H. inuloides) as bioreductant via a simple and eco-friendly method. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface plasmon resonance peak found at 472 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. SEM and TEM images reveal that the particles are quasi-spherical. The EDS analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of elemental silver. The antibacterial properties of OEM with AgNPs were evaluated against the clinical isolates Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion tests. The physical properties were evaluated by a universal testing machine. OEM with AgNPs had shown inhibition halos for all microorganisms in comparison with OEM control. Physical properties increased with respect to the control group. The results suggest the potential of the material to combat dental biofilm and in turn decrease the incidence of demineralization in dental enamel, ensuring their performance in patients with orthodontic treatmentUAEME

Production of triacylglycerols rich in palmitic acid at sn-2 position by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis

This paper studies the synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) rich in palmitic acid (PA) at sn-2 position from palm stearin (PS), a vegetable oil highly rich in PA (60%, but only 12.8% of this is located at sn-2 position). These PA rich TAGs were obtained by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of this oil with free fatty acids (FFAs) highly rich in PA, such as commercial PA (98% PA) and a FFA extract obtained by saponification of PS (60% PA). PA has a melting point of 63 ºC and during the acidolysis reaction the substrates, highly rich in this acid, must remain liquid; therefore high temperatures or solvents must be used. An important objective of this work was to operate without solvent and at the lowest possible temperature. In this acidolysis reaction four factors were firstly studied: type of lipase, temperature, solvent amount and the intensity of treatment (IOT = lipase amount × reaction time/PS amount). The influence of these variables was studied in a stirred tank reactor (STR). The lipases tested were Novozym 435 from Candida antarctica (immobilized on a macroporous acrylic resin), and lipases QLC (immobilized on diatomaceous earth), and QLM (non immobilized), both from Alcaligenes sp., and the one selected was lipase QLC. According to the manufacturer the optimum temperature for this lipase is 65-70 ºC, which allows it to operate without solvent. The best results with lipase QLC (TAGs with 80% PA, both total and at sn-2 position) were obtained with commercial PA, at 65 ºC, a 3:1 FFA/PS molar ratio (1:1 w/w), without solvent and an IOT = 7 g lipase × h/g PS (for example 2.5 g PS, 2.5 g commercial PA, 0.75 g lipase and 24 h). These results were the basis for establishing the operational conditions to obtain PA rich TAGs with the lipase immobilized in a packed bed reactor (PBR), operating by recirculation of the reaction mixture through the lipase bed. In this system TAGs with 75% PA were obtained at an IOT = 8 g lipase × h/g PS. This result and the apparent kinetic constants obtained in both reactors show that the reaction rate is lower in the PBR than in the STR. Subsequently, PA enriched TAGs were separated from FFAs by two procedures: the first one at room temperature and in presence of hexane and the second one at 65 ºC and without hexane. Using the first procedure, 95% of TAGs in the acidolysis reaction mixture were recovered with a purity of 99%. Using the second one, 98% pure TAGs were obtained with a recovery yield of 80%. Therefore, these highly rich PA TAGs can be obtained by acidolysis of PS and PA rich FFAs in solvent-free media, and then these TAGs also can be purified to 98% in absence of hexane, using only a hydroethanolic KOH solution.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, FEDER, Proyects AGL2003-03335, CTQ2007-6407

Efectos de un plan de entrenamiento de ocho semanas en la capacidad de autovalencia en adultos mayores

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Enseñanza Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Tanto en Chile como en el mundo entero la población de adultos mayores va aumentando de manera exponencial y el paso del tiempo trae consigo de manera indeclinable e indefectible la aparición de ciertas enfermedades por el respectivo deterioro generalizado en las funciones orgánicas; además existen ciertos factores que determinan el ritmo de envejecimiento como los de carácter genético, metabólico, hormonal, ambiental y por supuesto el estilo de vida que lleva la persona. Un estilo de vida sedentario repercute de manera negativa en el adulto mayor, acelerando su proceso de envejecimiento y trascendiendo invariablemente en su nivel de autovalencia, es ahí donde yace el foco principal de este estudio, ya que se pretende determinar los efectos de un plan de entrenamiento de ocho semanas de duración en la capacidad de auto valencia en adultos mayores, mediante la aplicación de los exámenes de medicina preventiva del adulto mayor (EMPAM); teniendo como base que el ejercicio físico constituye el medio más seguro para mantener la autonomía, asegurar las capacidades motrices y cognitivas, además de potenciar la sociabilidad y educar sobre el uso del tiempo libre, evitando el sedentarism