Afghanistan and the Anglo-Russian dispute (1885)

An account of Russia\u27s advance toward India, based upon the reports and experiences of Russian, German, and British officers and travellers; with a description of Afghanistan and of the military resources of the powers concerned Included are three maps and other illustration

Afghanistan and the Anglo-Russian dispute (1885)

An account of Russia\u27s advance toward India, based upon the reports and experiences of Russian, German, and British officers and travelers; with a description of Afghanistan and of the military resources of the powers concerned. Included are three maps and other illustrations

Understanding the shortage and maldistribution of pediatric subspecialty care in the United States: An application of the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework

In the United States, the number of children and adolescents with chronic health conditions is rapidly expanding. At present both medical and surgical pediatric subspecialists are in short supply and are poorly distributed regionally (Basco and Rimsza 2013; Goodman 2005; Mayer and Skinner 2009). The current system for allocation of pediatric subspecialty care is unsustainable and may result in worsening health outcomes for children who face barriers to access. The Institutional Analysis and Development Framework is a policy framework that can be used to both evaluate outcomes achieved within the current system and predict outcomes that would be achieved with specific policy reforms. When pediatric subspecialty care is viewed as an economic good, the IAD framework can be applied to devise ways to better allocate this precious resource to all American children.Master of Public Healt

Crystallite Size Dependency of the Pressure and Temperature Response in Nanoparticles of Ceria and Other Oxides

The short title of this dissertation is Size Matters. And it really does. Before diving into the original findings of this dissertation, this abstract starts by contextualizing their significance. To that end, recall that some of the earliest concepts learned by sophomore organic chemistry students include explaining physical properties based on carbon chain length, for example, and polymer length has enormous influence on macroscopic material properties. In the 1980s it was found that the electronic properties of small inorganic semiconductor crystallites can be rigorously tied to the physical size of the crystallites, and this understanding has led directly to the successful integration of so-called quantum dots into readily available technologies today, including flat screen televisions, as well as emerging technologies, such as quantum dot solar cells. Oxides, for their part, are important components of many technologies, from paints and cosmetics to microelectronics and catalytic converters. The crystallite size dependency of fundamental mechanical properties of oxides is the topic of this dissertation. First, this dissertation reports that consistent preparation methods were used to produce batches of specific crystallite sizes for a diverse family of five cubic oxides: CeO2 (ceria), MgO (magnesia), Cu2O (cuprite), Fe3O4 (magnetite), and Co3O4. The size-based lattice changes for small crystallites was carefully measured with X-ray diffraction. Expanded lattice parameters were found in small crystallites of all five oxides (notably for the first time in Fe3O4). This behavior is rationalized with an atomic model reliant on differing coordination levels of atoms at the surface, and fundamental calculations of physical properties including surface stress and expansion energy are derived from the measured lattice expansion for these oxides. Then, the size dependency of the pressure response in ceria nanoparticles was measured using diamond anvil cells and synchrotron radiation. In a study unmatched in its comprehensiveness, it was found that the bulk modulus of ceria peaked at an intermediate crystallite size of 33 nm. This is rationalized with a core-shell model with a size dependent shell compressibility whose influence naturally grows as crystallite size shrinks. Complimentary thermal expansion measurements were carried out to probe the structural response of crystallites to heat. Overall, the thermal expansion of ceria decreased with crystallite size. Through careful heating cycles, it was possible to separate out quantitatively the two primary factors contributing to negative surface stress in ceria: ambient surface adsorbents and surface non-stoichiometry. These may be the first instances of such a calculation that provides this insight into the surface stress of oxide nanoparticles. Next, pressure and temperature studies parallel to those in ceria were carried out on magnesia as well. Magnesia is an important oxide to compare to ceria because it does not share ceria's tendency to form oxygen vacancy defects with cation charge variances. Nonetheless, magneisa was shown to possess a peak (albeit a less dramatic peak) in bulk modulus at an intermediate crystallite size, about 14 nm. Magnesia, like ceria, also had decreased thermal expansion at smaller crystallite sizes. Finally, experiments on molecular oxygen exchange properties of a series of oxides were carried out using a thermocycling reactor system designed and built in-house, with the aim of developing materials to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. Experiments were carried out under 1200C, much lower than the 1500C typically required for ceria oxygen exchange. It is thought that crystallite morphology could play an important role in dictating the effectiveness of this catalytic process. The increased understanding of fundamental physical properties of oxide nanoparticles, as explored here, may lead to their more rational integration into such emerging technologies

Reality and the artistic vision : a study of Randall Jarrell's poetic style

Randall Jarrell was a poet who made painstaking efforts to reproduce in his writing a total sense of reality. He was an interpreter and a translator. His artistic interpretations of the demands of life are an extraordinary way of defining the ordinary, so that even tedium can become interesting and despair can have its own dignity. His translations are chiefly from the work of Rainer Maria Rilke, a German poet with whom Jarrell had much in common as to style, despite the separation of time and locale. What one thinks of as characteristic of Jarrell's poetry includes a style which works with the vocabulary and diction of everyday life, and with themes which never quite get away from the poignance of lost things— loss of one's youth, of loved ones, of love itself, of a desire even for living. This kind of loneliness is found in both Jarrell's own choice of themes as well as in his choice of poems which he translates into a language he himself spoke--that of a well-educated middle-class African. A sampling of the poems Jarrell never published, until they were collected posthumously in his Complete Works, should be illustrative of his characteristic choice of language and theme, and should demonstrate how Jarrell served as an interpreter of ordinary living. His worksheets for a translation of Rilke's "The Widow's Song" further demonstrate Jarrell's meticulous efforts not only to translate the sense of the poem faithfully, but to put into his own language what Rilke had said so well in German. Through all these poems the reader will find the artist at work explaining life with the simplicity and truth it deserves

Chemistry on Computers in East Africa – Lesson Plans from Collaborative Exchange

Meeting the challenge of modern global chemistry education requires collaborations from many different actors. Here, we report the development of computer-based lessons on VSEPR and Unit Cells designed specifically for implementation in the unique environment of East African high schools. The lesson plans use software more commonly employed by materials science graduate students, here repurposed for the high school chemistry classroom. The lesson plans were successfully piloted in local schools, indicating their potential for wide impact. The complete lesson plans are provided for free here as in the supplemental information section. The careful design of the lessons based on specific environmental factors through multi-faceted contributors suggests a model of collaboration that could be useful in many other contexts