Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Fakir Miskin dalam Perspektif Al-qur'an

Kaum fakir dan miskin adalah dua kelompok kaum lemah (dhu'afa) yang banyak disebutkan Al-Qur'an. Ketika Al-Qur'an berbicara tentang kedua kelompok tersebut umumnya dalam konteks bagaimana mengentaskan kemiskinan yang mereka hadapi. Dari telaah atas ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an tentang pemberdayaan fakir miskin diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa upaya pengentasan kemiskinan dan pemberdayaan kaum fakir dan miskin menurut Al-Qur'an terkait dengan pemanfaatan dan distribusi harta. Ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an yang berbicara tentang harta ada yang berupa perintah dan anjuran dan yang kedua berupa larangan. Dari dua ketentuan ini, Al-Quran menempuh beberapa model langkah untuk pemberdayaan fakir miskin, yaitu perintah bekerja, perintah memberi makanan pokok, perintah berinfak, perintah mengeluarkan zakat, pemberian dari sebagian harta warisan, pembagian ganimah dan fa'i, larangan monopoli (ihtikār) dan menimbun harta (iktināz). Beberapa model pemberdayaan di atas dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok; langkah-langkah yang bersifat struktural dan yang bersifat kultural. Langkah struktural lebih ditekankan kepada lembaga khusus yang menanganinya agar berjalan dengan baik, sedangkan langkah kultural lebih ditekankan pada individu, baik individu yang diharapkan menjadi salah satu subjek pengentasan kemiskinan dan pemberdayaan kaum fakir dan miskin maupun yang menjadi objeknya. Pada langkah struktural maupun kultural, keterlibatan pemerintah sangat diperlukan, bahkan dipandang sebagai sebuah keniscayaan

Rekonstruksi Konsep Fakir dan Miskin sebagai Mustahik Zakat

Among as}naf are entitled to receive zakat is faqi>r and miski>n, but both groups are often interpretedoverlap.This article aims to reconstruct the concept of faqi>r and miski>n with perspective of the Qur\u27an.This is because that, in addition to the Qur\u27an is believed by Muslims as the main source of law, also theconcept of faqi>r and miskin as well as ‘illat that causes both as mustahik zakat will make the distributionof zakat in accordance with its objectives. The study of the verses of the Qur\u27an about the faqi>r andmiski>n, results the conclusions: First, faqi>r is who are deterred from livelihoold as work reason or udhur.The work reason is due to religious activity or work shar\u27i as da\u27wah and jihad. While the udhur reasoncaused by kauni destiny like a disability, palsied, and old. Thus, ‘illat for faqr groups derived from God\u27sglory and the exam so that they get the respect, zakat and other compensation. The glory reason comingfrom the work shar\u27iyyah, while the test reason comes from udhur kauniyyah. While the miski>n are literallymeans sakana; silent and not moving, that miski>n terms describe the result of a weak state of a personbecause he chose sakana lifestyle (silent, static, not developing skills in his life). As a result he becamepoor and do not have anything whatsoever to fulfill their needs

On The Existence of Planets Around the Pulsar PSR B0329+54

Results of timing measurements of the pulsar PSR B0329+54 obtained in 1968--2012 using the Big Scanning Antenna of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory (at 102 and 111 MHz), the DSS 13 and DSS 14 telescopes of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2388 MHz), and the 64 m telescope of the Kalyazin Radio Astronomy Observatory (610 MHz) are presented. The astrometric and rotational parameters of the pulsar are derived at a new epoch. Periodic variations in the barycentric timing residuals have been found, which can be explained by the presence of a planet orbiting the pulsar, with an orbital period $P_{1}$ = 27.8 yr, mass \textit{$m_{c}$}sin\textit{i} = 2$M_{\oplus}$, and orbital semi-major axis $a$ = 10.26 AU. The results of this study do not confirm existence of a proposed second planet with orbital period $P_{2}$ = 3 yr.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Astronomy Reports, Nov. 201

On the nuclear symmetry energy and the neutron skin in neutron-rich nuclei

The symmetry energy for nuclear matter and its relation to the neutron skin in finite nuclei is discussed. The symmetry energy as a function of density obtained in a self-consistent Green function approach is presented and compared to the results of other recent theoretical approaches. A partial explanation of the linear relation between the symmetry energy and the neutron skin is proposed. The potential of several experimental methods to extract the neutron skin is examined.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev.

On Properties of the Isoscalar Giant Dipole Resonance

Main properties (strength function, energy-dependent transition density, branching ratios for direct nucleon decay) of the isoscalar giant dipole resonance in several medium-heavy mass spherical nuclei are described within a continuum-RPA approach, taking into account the smearing effect. All model parameters used in the calculations are taken from independent data. Calculation results are compared with available experimental data.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

E1 transitions between spin-dipole and Gamow-Teller giant resonances

The branching ratios for E1 transitions between the spin-dipole (SD) and Gamow-Teller (GT) giant resonances in $^{90}$Nb and $^{208}$Pb are evaluated. Assuming the main GT-state has the wave function close to that for the "ideal" GT-state, we reduced the problem to calculate the SD and GT strength functions. These strength functions are evaluated within an extended continuum-RPA approach.Comment: 8 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Approximation of conformal mappings using conformally equivalent triangular lattices

Consider discrete conformal maps defined on the basis of two conformally equivalent triangle meshes, that is edge lengths are related by scale factors associated to the vertices. Given a smooth conformal map $f$, we show that it can be approximated by such discrete conformal maps $f^\epsilon$. In particular, let $T$ be an infinite regular triangulation of the plane with congruent triangles and only acute angles (i.e.\ $<\pi/2$). We scale this tiling by $\epsilon>0$ and approximate a compact subset of the domain of $f$ with a portion of it. For $\epsilon$ small enough we prove that there exists a conformally equivalent triangle mesh whose scale factors are given by $\log|f'|$ on the boundary. Furthermore we show that the corresponding discrete conformal maps $f^\epsilon$ converge to $f$ uniformly in $C^1$ with error of order $\epsilon$.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures; v2 typos corrected, revised introduction, some proofs extende

Impact ionization fronts in Si diodes: Numerical evidence of superfast propagation due to nonlocalized preionization

We present numerical evidence of a novel propagation mode for superfast impact ionization fronts in high-voltage Si $p^+$-$n$-$n^+$ structures. In nonlinear dynamics terms, this mode corresponds to a pulled front propagating into an unstable state in the regime of nonlocalized initial conditions. Before the front starts to travel, field-ehanced emission of electrons from deep-level impurities preionizes initially depleted $n$ base creating spatially nonuniform free carriers profile. Impact ionization takes place in the whole high-field region. We find two ionizing fronts that propagate in opposite directions with velocities up to 10 times higher than the saturated drift velocity.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Plasmonic Hot Spots in Triangular Tapered Graphene Microcrystals

Recently, plasmons in graphene have been observed experimentally using scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy. In this paper, we develop a simplified analytical approach to describe the behavior in triangular samples. Replacing Coulomb interaction by a short-range one reduces the problem to a Helmholtz equation, amenable to analytical treatment. We demonstrate that even with our simplifications, the system still exhibits the key features seen in the experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Evaluation of the mean intensity of the P-odd mixing of nuclear compound states

A temperature version of the shell-optical-model approach for describing the low-energy compound-to-compound transitions induced by external single-particle fields is given. The approach is applied to evaluate the mean intensity of the P-odd mixing of nuclear compound states. Unified description for the mixing and electromagnetic transitions allows one to evaluate the mean intensity without the use of free parameters. The valence-mechanism contribution to the mentioned intensity is also evaluated. Calculation results are compared with the data deduced from cross sections of relevant neutron-induced reactions.Comment: LaTeX, 10 page