How trade splits up information sets and dealers carry out their brokerage of asymmetric information

n this paper we set forth a new perspective from which to understand and measure the brokerage of asymmetric information that intermediaries usually carry out. Firstly, we deal with partitions of a given set so as to lay grounds to our line of research. Secondly, we argue that trade splits up imperfect information sets, over which traders try to negotiate and profit, but also hide their opportunistic behavior from their counterparts. Next, the brokerage of asymmetric information is framed so as to stress the fact that any exchange is dual, entailing not only bargaining property rights but also information value. Lastly, we bring to light the linkage between differential rates, residual information sets and trading environments, which seems to be a functional toolkit for assessing how much asymmetric information is brokered eventually.asymmetric information, brokerage, differential rates, residual information sets, financial intermediaries

Differential Rates of Return and Residual Information Sets (A Discrete Approach)

It is our purpose here to show the deep relationship between differential rates and their underlying information sets. To accomplish our task, we will make for the following stages: In the first place, we deal with scaled changes along a period and conditional rates of change within a discrete environment. Next, rings and algebras of sets are addressed, so as to provide information sets with a suitable structure and give grounds to differential rates. Afterwards, differential rates are presented rigourosly, and two important lemmas follow through: the first one makes possible the use of differential rates with restrictive assumptions on their information sets, as customary applications seem to require. The second lemma attempts a broader outcome in a general setting so as to cope with differential rates defined on more realistic information sets. Both lemmas contributerigorously to shape definitions of narrow and broad differential rates on residual information sets.Information sets, differential rates of return, transaction costs

Arbitrage Portfolios

It should be expected from this paper an expansion on some distinctive issues regarding arbitrage portfolios: i) a definition on arbitrage portfolios that enables adjustments to SML and CML environments; ii) sufficient conditions to set up arbitrage portfolios against the SML and CML; iii) feasibility of separation portfolios to carry out arbitrage not only against SML but CML as well; iv) arbitrage of portfolios located in Treynor’s lines by using separation portfolios within a SML environment.

GOVERNANCE RISKS. How to measure them by means of the incremental cash-flow model

Governance risks stem from the own governance of any organization. The paper puts forward an operational viewpoint of those risks, by mapping the most distinctive categories of governance analysis onto time-dependent governance variables. Afterwards, risks conveyed by the latter are measured against incremental cash flows. The procedure allows a joint analysis of the risky positions carried out by governance variables, tracking them down onto their natural drivers, the incremental cash flows related to assets, creditors, managers, stockholders, and the company’s portfolio of non-current financial assetsgovernance risks, corporate governance, incremental cash flows, governance variables

The Cash Flow Model with Float: A New Approach to Deal with Valuation and Agency Problems.

In this paper we introduce a cash flow model with float to manage core issues in Corporate Finance. The float actually removes current hindrances pervading the standard cash flow model. To start with, we derive the float model and uncover its underlying financial engineering. After that, any investment decision is regarded as a synthetic portfolio made out of a revenue bond financing the investment, and a performance swap acting as a value driver. It is within the performance swap where the float lies and enhances value. Furthermore, extension to valuation is provided taking advantage of the former portfolio approach. Next, the float complex structure is displayed to proceed towards its sources and uses of cash flows. Last of all, we expand upon a normative model which makes the most of the float and spells out how an accountability precept should be functional in redressing agency problems.Cash Flow Float; Agency Problems; Arbitrage; Performance Swap; Revenue Bond

Dynamic Arbitrage Gaps for Financial Assets

In this paper we are concerned with the existence of a dynamic arbitrage gap that evolves out of an adjustment process for disequilibrium prices, within a complex dynamics framework which takes into account the market microstructure and transactions costs. Although this gap exhibits non linear and chaotic behavior, it doesn’t preclude effective arbitrage transactions from taking place in real markets. Moreover, it may explain much better those factors which usually impede actual perfect arbitrage. Besides, this dynamic arbitrage gap depends upon a truly financial gap that accounts for unexpected events and superior information on the professional dealers´side. In this way, we can learn much more about dynamical adjustment processes from financial assets, making the arbitrage gap instrumental to set about real arbitrage positions. Finally, the dynamic arbitrage gap could become useful when coping with financial crisis as far as some basic parameters´range of values for which the dynamics becomes chaotic could be measured in advance.

Arbitraging mispriced assets with separation portfolios to lessen total risk

This paper expands on a procedure to arbitrage mispriced assets against the benchmark provided by the Security Market Line, but using only separation portfolios to put up a feasible portfolio with the same beta as the mispriced asset and the least total risk among other alternative portfolios. Coming next, such arbitrage is dealt directly with one single separation portfolio, which grants that the total risk linked with the arbitrage portfolio equals the non-systematic risk conveyed by the mispriced asset.arbitrage portfolios, separation portfolios, total risk, systematic risk

An axiomatic treatment of enlarged separation portfolios and treasurer’s portfolios (with applications to financial synthetics)

Expanded separation portfolios ( Se ) and Treasurer’s portfolios T( Se ) are a sect of themselves. They arise out of risk-free assets and risky portfolios like other mutual funds. But their distinctive features set them apart from the common lot. This paper puts forth, firstly, a down-to-earth axiomatic that allows a complete formalization of the class of Se portfolios. Secondly, simple separation portfolios are featured and their differences with ( Se ) are highlighted. Next, the category of T( Se ) will be defined and their main properties brought to light. Last of all, there will be an expansion on the building of financial synthetics by means of enlarged separation portfolios.enlarged separation portfolios, mutual funds, separation portfolios, treasurer’s portfolios, financial synthetics, portfolio management

Factoring governance risk into investors´expected rates of return by means of a weighted average governance index

Although global investors have been paying more heed than ever to Corporate Governance for the last decade, the evolving premium risk stemming from variegated governance issues has not been factored yet into the expected return of any investor’s portfolio. From a theoretical standpoint, this paper sets forth firstly a weighted-average index built up by choosing distinctive and relevant governance variables that go beyond provisions usually embedded in the founding charter. Afterwards, a measure of governance risk premium will be derived out of the index rate of change. Lastly, it will be introduced a multiplicative model of expected returns with a risk adjustment factor over the risk-free asset comprising systematic, nonsystematic, country and governance risk premiums.governance risk, governance index, governance rate, expected return, risk adjustment