Prelearning: Nicht nur was für "Streber"

Innerhalb der TUMULT-Veranstaltungen (TUtoriale MULTimediale) zu der Linearen Algebra für Ingenieure an der Technische Universität Berlin wurde ein Konzept von Prelearning eingeführt. Studierende werden dabei dafür "belohnt", sich mit neuen Konzepten vor ihrer Einführung in der Vorlesung zu beschäftigen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Motivation, das Konzept, die Realisierung sowie eine erste Evaluierung des Prelearning in den TUMULT-Veranstaltungen präsentiert

Activities of the Mind and Soul: Eudaimonia, Identity, and Implicit Theories of Giftedness in Secondary Gifted Students

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of secondary gifted students, more specifically their implicit theories of giftedness, how they incorporate giftedness into their sense of identity, and their eudaimonic development. The following four research questions guided the study: (a) What do the narratives of secondary gifted students reveal about their eudaimonic well-being? (b) What do the narratives of secondary gifted students reveal about their implicit theories of giftedness? (c) What do the narratives of secondary gifted students reveal about the extent to which giftedness is a part of their identities? (d) What are the relationships between gifted students’ implicit theories, identity, and eudaimonic well-being? Fifteen secondary gifted students answered a series of prompts through written responses, which were the basis of a thematic analysis. Four themes about eudaimonia emerged: the effects of academic excellence; meaning and purpose in learning and extracurricular activities; meaningful relationships; and struggle and change. Four themes about students’ beliefs about giftedness emerged: giftedness affects relationships; giftedness affects experience in school; gifted identification and programming; and gifted identity. Observations were made about the differences between implicit theories held by participants whose responses showed greater instances of eudaimonia and those whose responses showed fewer instances of eudaimonia, providing important implications for effectively educating gifted students and supporting their eudaimonic development

Motivational Factors of Seasonal Volunteers: A Study of the Student Conservation Association

The use and efficacy of motivational factors in attracting and retaining employees has become an increasingly important concern within the realm of leisure-service management. Authors of leading text on managing leisure-service organizations have affirmed this dilemma, stating that more research is needed on how to attract, retain, supervise, and motivate employees (Henderson & Bialeschki, 1993; Hoff, Ellis & Crossley, 1988). In recent decades, this need has become particularly true with respect to the motives of seasonal and part-time volunteers (DeGraaf & Edginton, 1992). The field of outdoor recreation/resource management is of no exception. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe the motivational factors among seasonal (summer) volunteers within an outdoor recreation/resource management setting. Subjects for this study were 1,723 seasonal volunteers who performed internships with the Student Conservation Association during the summer of 2008. Of these 1,723 individuals, usable data were obtained from 603 for a response rate of 35 percent. In particular, the development of a more thorough conceptualization regarding the attraction, retention, and motivation of these individuals was the objective of this study. In order to accomplish this task, mean differences between motivation and hygiene factors, based on Herzberg\u27s motivation/hygiene theory, were compared to the independent variables of sex, age, school status, major of study, job setting, number of years with the SCA, and willingness to volunteer with the SCA in future years. To examine how the independent variables influenced the dependent variables, the motives for volunteering were presented in descending order of their means. If a statistically significant difference was identified, Scheffe\u27s post hoc analysis was performed. Findings revealed that increasing my knowledge, enjoying the outdoors, having new experiences, protecting the environment, and gaining work experience were important items to consider in the attraction, retention, and motivation of seasonal (summer) volunteers in the field of outdoor recreation/resource management

Recruitment and Growth of Juvenile Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) in Relation to Tidal Zonation

Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceMaster of Arts (M.A.

Constraint-Induced Auditory Therapy and Cognitive-Linguistic Therapy in Aphasia: A Single Case Study

PROBLEM: Traditional cognitive-linguistic therapy has demonstrated success in strengthening the semantic-lexical retrieval system through direct mapping of semantic features in persons with aphasia (PWA) (David & Thompson, 2005; Edmonds, 2014; Edmonds & Swathi, 2009). Within these treatments, auditory processing is implicitly addressed, as most practice tasks involve an auditory-verbal modality. However, evidence of explicit training of auditory processing and its effects on lexical processing is very limited. Constraint Induced Auditory Therapy (CIAT) has demonstrated the ability to strengthen the auditory input processing in some patients with aphasia; however evidence is scanty (Hurley & Davis, 2011). Also, until now there are no known studies that illustrate the combined effects of cognitive-linguistic treatment (such as Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST)) and explicit training of auditory processing (such as CIAT) on lexical retrieval and overall language ability. Therefore, the following study was undertaken with the objective of determining the differences in treatment and functional communication outcomes in a PWA with and without CIAT in combination with VNeST in an individual with moderate aphasia. PROCEDURE: A single-subject research design was used to determine the effects of explicit auditory training using CIAT and cognitive-linguistic therapy (VNeST) on overall language expression, comprehension, and functional communication. The subject was a 73 year-old female stroke survivor with moderate degree of aphasia. Standardized and criterion-reference assessments were administered prior to and following each of three blocks of treatment. All treatment outcomes were analyzed using non-parametric statistics and subjective analyses. Non-parametric analyses included logistical regressions and Chi-square calculations. Subjective analyses included effect size changes, visual inspections using a two-standard deviation method and discourse analyses using the measures described by Nicholas and Brookshire (1993). FINDINGS: The use of VNeST in isolation demonstrated a greater impact on cognitive-linguistic processing and language outcomes, whereas VNeST in combination with CIAT appeared to improve mainly the language modality of repetition and attentional tasks. Therefore, the use of CIAT in combination with VNeST may depend on the specific PWAs skills prior to and during treatment. More research is necessary in order to establish an understanding the method and condition for which to introduce explicit auditory training into cognitive-linguistic therapy. This is necessary in order to ensure that explicit auditory training enhances, rather than hinders the advancement of skills

Early recruitment and growth of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) with respect to tidal zonation and season

Survival and growth of newly settled oysters were measured at sub- and intertidal treatment levels during the first month of post-settlement life in the York River, Virginia, USA. Controlled settlement of hatchery-reared larvae in the laboratory and image analysis techniques allowed for individual oysters grown in the field to be tracked through time. High mortality occurred within 1 wk postsettlement at ah tidal heights in 3 experiments which spanned the natural recruitment period. This initial mortality strongly influenced later abundance, as weekly mortality rates decreased sharply after 2 wk. Additionally, all recruits were eliminated from the mid-intertidal zone and above (\u3e25% aerial exposure) during high temperature periods. Only in autumn did recruitment occur in the intertidal area occupied by natural oyster populations. In contrast, low intertidal and subtidal populations persisted through the month long experiments where adult oysters were rare. Growth (shell area) of intertidal oysters exposed \u3e25% was reduced relative to more immersed oysters. Density-dependent growth was not observed. While the natural oyster population appeared to be relegated to the suboptimum intertidal, successful recruitment to this zone was limited on a seasonal basis by lethal air temperatures \u3e30 degrees C. The mortality agents which structure the intertidal population affect recently settled and juvenile oysters