Epidemiology and control of african swine fever in Senegal : from farm surveys to national network

African Swine Fever (ASF) is considered to be enzootic since 1957 in Senegal where the population of pigs is concentrated in the catholic areas of the country (South-West). This risk assessment of the African Swine Fever (ASF) in Senegal includes economical aspects of the pig production chain. Different surveys allowed obtaining a good overview of the epidemiology and the main risk factors of introduction of ASF in the farms. Animal and money flows were estimated to identify the risk pathways at a national level. The global prevalence of the disease given by our transversal survey was 17% [14.4%-19.6%], but significant differences were recorded between regions. The Ziguinchor region showed a higher prevalence of 24.8% [20%-29.6%]. The survey in the farms showed that the main risk factors are the neighbouring ASF cases, the entrance of foreign breeders in the farm and the free-ranging of pigs. These result and the study of animal flows allowed the preparation of a communication policy in order to inform farmers and associations of breeders about the hazards of the disease and the main precautions to consider related to hygiene in farming practices. In terms of risk management, these results allowed to propose the optimization of the national surveillance network concerning ASF. This improvement will adapt the passive surveillance system with better involvement of breeders in the control of commonly devastating disease

Modelo didáctico M-learning conversacional y bienestar social en estudiantes de contabilidad de una universidad privada, 2017

La presente investigación se desarrolló para proponer una estrategia didáctica y mejorar el bienestar social en estudiantes de la Escuela de Contabilidad de una universidad privada de Chiclayo. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo-transversal, no experimental, cuantitativo y propositivo, tuvo una población conformada por 650 estudiantes y una muestra de 80 alumnos matriculados en el X ciclo de estudios de la escuela de contabilidad de la universidad privada. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento fue un cuestionario con 38 ítems validado por juicio de expertos con confiabilidad en alfa de Cronbach de 0,906. Los resultados fueron que el bienestar social en la dimensión aceptación social tuvo mayor predominancia alcanzando el 80 % del nivel regular, seguido de integración social con 63,8% y finalmente un 50 % en la dimensión de contribución social. Se concluye que el 61,3% de los estudiantes presentaron un bienestar social regular, manifestando que tenían problemas para integrarse o aceptarse socialmente en las actividades académicas

Modelo didáctico M-learning conversacional y bienestar social en estudiantes de contabilidad de una universidad privada, 2017

La presente investigación se desarrolló para proponer una estrategia didáctica y mejorar el bienestar social en estudiantes de la Escuela de Contabilidad de una universidad privada de Chiclayo. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo-transversal, no experimental, cuantitativo y propositivo, tuvo una población conformada por 650 estudiantes y una muestra de 80 alumnos matriculados en el X ciclo de estudios de la escuela de contabilidad de la universidad privada. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento fue un cuestionario con 38 ítems validado por juicio de expertos con confiabilidad en alfa de Cronbach de 0,906. Los resultados fueron que el bienestar social en la dimensión aceptación social tuvo mayor predominancia alcanzando el 80 % del nivel regular, seguido de integración social con 63,8% y finalmente un 50 % en la dimensión de contribución social. Se concluye que el 61,3% de los estudiantes presentaron un bienestar social regular, manifestando que tenían problemas para integrarse o aceptarse socialmente en las actividades académicas

PERCEPCIÓN CIUDADANA SOBRE DIFUSIÓN DE LA CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA Y EMPRENDIMIENTOS EN RADIO Y TELEVISIÓN DE LA PROVINCIA DE CHOTA-CAJAMARCA

La percepción ciudadana sobre difusión de la ciencia, tecnología y emprendimientos en radio y televisión de la provincia de Chota-Cajamarca, fue una investigación científica que indagó la situación problemática que existía en la provincia de Chota. El 97.5% de 2000 ciudadanos encuestados de la provincia de Chota perciben que las investigaciones científicas, la tecnología y los emprendimientos (que generan desarrollo de la persona, de la familia y de la sociedad se quedan en el anonimato), no se dan a conocer, no se difunden, no se divulgan desde la radio y la televisión, de allí se infiere que, las funciones principales de estos medios, tales como: informar y formar no se están cumpliendo desde la Ciencia, la tecnología y los emprendimientos que se están realizando, particularmente en la Provincia de Chota.  La investigación tuvo por objetivo el determinar la Percepción que poseen los ciudadanos sobre la Difusión de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y los Emprendimientos en la Radio y la Televisión de la Provincia de Chota. Investigación que fe de tipo no experimental, descriptiva y cuántitativa, cuya población y muestra estuvo conformada por 2000 ciudadanos de la Provincia de Chota. Se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta, con su instrumento de recolección de datos con 9 items. Condujo a realizar la propuesta del Programa “EPISTEME” para difundir, divulgar, socializar la Ciencia, la tecnología y los emprendiientos en la Provincia de Chota, como respuesta a la satisfacción de la necesidad de los ciudadanos descritos anteriormente.  Se arribó a las siguientes conclusiónes: existen entre 7 a 9 emisoras radiales y televisivas; dentro de los distintos programas de radio y televisión existentes sólo el 2.5% de ciudadanos percibe que sí existen programas científicos, pero el 94% considera que existan y que divulgen la ciencia, la tecnología y los emprendimiento; el 69% preiferen que hallan instituciones sociales o empresas que organicen o ausspicien, el 42% que tengan una duración entre 30 a 60 minutos, el 48.8% señala que se deben difundir 1 vez a la semana, el 82.9% dice que sí sintonizarían un programa de esta naturaleza y en el horario de la noche 73.75%; además el 74.4% de los ciudadanos encuestados piensan que la difusión de la CTE a través de la radio y televsión conduce al desarrollo de la sociedad y de la CTE

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Measurements of the pp → ZZ production cross section and the Z → 4ℓ branching fraction, and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings at √s = 13 TeV

Four-lepton production in proton-proton collisions, pp -> (Z/gamma*)(Z/gamma*) -> 4l, where l = e or mu, is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The ZZ production cross section, sigma(pp -> ZZ) = 17.2 +/- 0.5 (stat) +/- 0.7 (syst) +/- 0.4 (theo) +/- 0.4 (lumi) pb, measured using events with two opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs produced in the mass region 60 4l) = 4.83(-0.22)(+0.23) (stat)(-0.29)(+0.32) (syst) +/- 0.08 (theo) +/- 0.12(lumi) x 10(-6) for events with a four-lepton invariant mass in the range 80 4GeV for all opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs. The results agree with standard model predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ. couplings at 95% confidence level: -0.0012 < f(4)(Z) < 0.0010, -0.0010 < f(5)(Z) < 0.0013, -0.0012 < f(4)(gamma) < 0.0013, -0.0012 < f(5)(gamma) < 0.0013

Vitamin D status and risk of incident tuberculosis disease: A nested case-control study, systematic review, and individual-participant data meta-analysis

Background: Few studies have evaluated the association between preexisting vitamin D deficiency and incident tuberculosis (TB). We assessed the impact of baseline vitamins D levels on TB disease risk.Methods and Findings: We assessed the association between baseline vitamin D and incident TB in a prospective cohort of 6,751 HIV-negative household contacts of TB patients enrolled between September 1, 2009, and August 29, 2012, in Lima, Peru. We screened for TB disease at 2, 6, and 12 months after enrollment. We defined cases as household contacts who developed TB disease at least 15 days after enrollment of the index patient. For each case, we randomly selected four controls from among contacts who did not develop TB disease, matching on gender and year of age. We also conducted a one-stage individual-participant data (IPD) meta-analysis searching PubMed and Embase to identify prospective studies of vitamin D and TB disease until June 8, 2019. We included studies that assessed vitamin D before TB diagnosis. In the primary analysis, we defined vitamin D deficiency as 25-(OH)D \u3c 50 nmol/L, insufficiency as 50-75 nmol/L, and sufficiency as \u3e75nmol/L. We estimated the association between baseline vitamin D status and incident TB using conditional logistic regression in the Lima cohort and generalized linear mixed models in the meta-analysis. We further defined severe vitamin D deficiency as 25-(OH)D \u3c 25 nmol/L and performed stratified analyses by HIV status in the IPD meta-analysis. In the Lima cohort, we analyzed 180 cases and 709 matched controls. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for TB risk among participants with baseline vitamin D deficiency compared to sufficient vitamin D was 1.63 (95% CI 0.75-3.52; p = 0.22). We included seven published studies in the meta-analysis and analyzed 3,544 participants. In the pooled analysis, the aOR was 1.48 (95% CI 1.04-2.10; p = 0.03). The aOR for severe vitamin D deficiency was 2.05 (95% CI 0.87-4.87; p trend for decreasing 25-(OH)D levels from sufficient vitamin D to severe deficiency = 0.02). Among 1,576 HIV-positive patients, vitamin D deficiency conferred a 2-fold (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.22-3.90; p = 0.01) increased risk of TB, and the aOR for severe vitamin D deficiency compared to sufficient vitamin D was 4.28 (95% CI 0.85-21.45; p = 0.08). Our Lima cohort study is limited by the short duration of follow-up, and the IPD meta-analysis is limited by the number of possible confounding covariates available across all studies.Conclusion: Our findings suggest vitamin D predicts TB disease risk in a dose-dependent manner and that the risk of TB disease is highest among HIV-positive individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency. Randomized control trials are needed to evaluate the possible role of vitamin D supplementation on reducing TB disease risk