Nutritional Value of Seaweed to Ruminants

We compared the nutritional quality (apparent digestible dry matter (ADDM), crude protein, total phenolics, gross energy), of 3 seaweed species (Alaria esculenta, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosis) to that of 3 woody browse species{Acer rubrum, Thuja occidentalis, Abies balsamea), lichen (Usnea spp.), and winter rye (Secale cereals) for ruminants. The ADDM's of the 3 seaweeds (63-80% DM) were 11-167% DM higher and crude protein contents (12.1-14.6% DM) were 68-186% DM higher than the 3 browse species. Seaweeds had lower total phenolics (5.5-10.3% DM) and gross energy (12-15 KJ/g DM), and moderate digestible energy (DE) contents (9-10 KJ/g DM) compared to the browse species. The 3 browse species had ADDM's of 30-57% DM, crude protein contents of 5.1-7.2% DM, total phenolic concentrations of 11.6-16.4% DM, and DE contents of 6-12 KJ/g DM. Winter rye and lichen had the lowest total phenolic concentrations (1.3 and 1.9% DM) of forages examined, and had lower ADDM's (35 and 40% DM), DE contents (6-7 KJ/g DM), and crude protein (7.8 and 5.7% DM) than seaweeds. The relatively high DE and protein contents of seaweed may explain high deer densities of Maine coastal islands where browse availability and use appears to be low

Do Resident and Non-Resident Northern Bobwhite Hunters Self-Regulate Harvest Based on Population Size?

A variety of factors influence the relative strength of additive and compensatory mortality of harvest on northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including covey dynamics, habitat fragmentation, and timing of harvest. State wildlife agencies have long believed regulations could be liberal because hunters will self-regulate effort when populations decrease. A confounding observation is that with lower population abundances, hunter skill and harvest rate increases because the more novice hunters do not participate. This raises the question whether non-resident small game hunters could have a larger impact at lower population levels if they have (1) more money to dedicate to out of state licenses and travel/lodging, and (2) time to dedicate to the hunting experience? We examined long-term bobwhite population and harvest data from Kansas (1966–1999) to learn if self-regulation differed between resident and non-resident small game hunters. The number of resident and non-resident small game hunters was related to their respective harvest of northern bobwhites. Decreasing October population index was associated with a decline in the number of resident bobwhite hunter days and harvest. Conversely, increasing numbers of non-resident hunters participated in the hunting season with higher hunter efficiency and a larger harvest at lower October population index levels. Total relative harvest decreased overwinter (Oct–Jan) survival. The Kansas resident bobwhite harvest is probably self-regulatory but non-resident harvest is not. Future harvest regulations should consider the impact of non-resident harvest

Quail 8: Proceedings of the Eighth National Quail Symposium (July 26-28, 2017 : Knoxville, Tennessee)

In memoriam: Robert Bob J. Robel, 1933-2013 PLENARY Translocation as a population restoration technique for northern bobwhites: A review and synthesis, James A. Martin, Roger D. Applegate, Thomas V. Dailey, Michelle Downey, Beth Emmerich, Fidel Hernández, Mark M. McConnell, Kelly S. Reyna, Dale Rollins, Rebekah E. Ruzicka, and Theron M. Terhune II A focused habitat approach for northern bobwhite restoration in Kentucky, John J. Morgan, John M. Yeiser, Danna L. Baxley, Gary Sprandel, Ben A. Robinson, and Keith Wethington Progress of the National Bobwhite Conservation Initiative, Donald F. McKenzie, John J. Morgan, and Thomas V. Dailey The initial stages of implementing the Western Quail Management Plan, Casey J. Cardinal and Rey A. Sanchez Population response of three quail species to habitat restoration in South Texas, Eric D. Grahmann, Fidel Hernández, Leonard A. Brennan, Timothy E. Fulbright, Carter Crouch, Michael W. Hehman, David Heft, Robert Perez, and Fred C. Bryant Response of northern bobwhites to habitat improvement on private lands in the Rolling Plains of Texas, C. Brad Dabbert and Robin Verble-Pearson Monitoring northern bobwhite populations reduces uncertainty about management effectiveness: A paradigm of empiricism and hope, Adam W. Green, Dallas P. Grimes, Greg Hagan, Richard Hamrick, Craig Harper, Patrick Keyser, John Morgan, I.B. Parnell, Reggie Thackston, Theron M. Terhune II, and James A Martin Fall quail densities on public lands in Missouri: A decade of monitoring, Beth A. Emmerich and Thomas V. Dailey Effects of broad-scale conservation on northern bobwhite populations in agricultural landscapes, John M. Yeiser, John J. Morgan, Danna L. Baxley, Richard B. Chandler, and James A. Martin BOBWHITE RESTORATION-APPROACHES AND THEORY Molecular ecology of New World quails: messages for managers, Damon Williford, Randy W. DeYoung, and Leonard A. Brennan Strategic habitat conservation for declining grassland wildlife populations in the oaks and prairies joint venture, James Giocomo, Jonathan Hayes, Kenneth Gee, Jeff Raasch, and Robert Perez Temporal and spatial assessment of usable space and cover type interspersion for northern bobwhites on private farmlands in southwestern Ohio, Robert J. Gates, Mark J. Wiley, Adam K. Janke, and Marjorie R. Liberati Temperature assessment on a reclaimed surface mine during northern bobwhite breeding season: Considerations for habitat management, Donald M. Yow, Jeremy P. Orange, John J. Morgan, Gary Sprandel, Danna L. Baxley, and Eric Williams Vegetation and arthropod responses to brush reduction by grubbing and stacking, Carter G. Crouch, J. Alfonso Ortega-S., David B. Wester, Fidel Hernández, Leonard A. Brennan, and Greta L. Schuster Predicting northern bobwhite habitat in semiarid rangeland using LANDSAT imagery, Jeffrey G. Whitt and Kelly S. Reyna The role of joint ventures in northern bobwhite conservation, Stephen J. DeMaso Long-term population stability in the greater Red Hills region amidst range-wide declines: a case for integrated management, Theron M. Terhune II, D. Clay Sisson, William E. Palmer, and Shane D. Wellendorf An evaluation of northern bobwhite conservation research: a call for large-scale studies, Lex J. Gomez and Kelly S. Reyna Effects of tanglehead expansion on bobwhite habitat use in South Texas, John T. Edwards, Fidel Hernández, David B. Wester, Leonard A. Brennan, Chad J. Parent, and Fred C. Bryant Habitat space used by northern bobwhites and Texas tortoises on South Texas rangelands, Ross O. Couvillon, Leonard A. Brennan, Fidel Herna´ndez, Bart M. Ballard, and Thomas V. Dailey National bobwhite conservation initiative focus area monitoring in the 2C focus area, Missouri, Beth A. Emmerich, W.T. White, and E. Lee Metcalf Response of northern bobwhite to longleaf pine ecosystem enhancement through the State Wildlife Grant Program, Adam B. Butler, John P. Gruchy, Richard G. Hamrick, and Matt Elliott Uncertainty and the entanglement of habitat loss and fragmentation effects in the management of northern bobwhite, Mason H. Cline, Richard Chandler, Clinton T. Moore, and James A. Martin The law of interspersion and the principle of edge: old arguments and a new synthesis, Mark D. McConnell, L. Wes Burger, and James. A. Martin Automated identification and mapping of woody habitat using digital ortho imagery, M. Keith Wethington How many are there? Estimating the North American northern bobwhite population size for conservation planning purposes, James Giocomo, William Vermillion, Stephen J. DeMaso, and Arvind Panjabi A method for setting northern bobwhite population and habitat objectives for large landscape partnerships, James Giocomo, William Vermillion, Stephen DeMaso, Barry Wilson, Jon Hayes, Kenneth Gee, Jesús Franco, Aimee Roberson, Robert Perez, Jeff Raasch, Bill Bartush, and Benjamin Kahler Data-driven planning for the conservation of grassland birds in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, Cara J. Joos, Jane A. Fitzgerald, Christopher M. Lituma, James J. Giocomo, and Larry Heggemann Landscape-scale geospatial assessment of open pine and natural grassland condition for northern bobwhite in the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks. Toby Gray, Kristine Evans, and Todd Jones-Farrand Impacts of habitat fragmentation on northern bobwhites in the Gulf Coast Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Katherine S. Miller, Leonard A. Brennan, Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso, Fidel Hernández, Eric D. Grahmann, Atiye Z. Okay, X. Ben Wu, Markus J. Peterson, Heather Hannusch, Jose Mata, and Jaclyn Robles Utility of fine resolution land cover data for modeling northern bobwhite abundance in the oaks and prairies of Oklahoma, Nicolas Jaffe, Timothy O’Connell, and James Giocomo Evaluating temporal differences in land cover: implications for managing bobwhite at the landscape scale in Virginia, Scott D. Klopfer, Daniel A. Cross, Kevin McGuckin, Jay E. Howell, and K. Marc Puckett Response of grassland birds to agricultural intensity at different spatial scales in Texas, Anna Matthews, M. Clay Green, and James Giocomo Partnering for quail in South Carolina: a cooperative approach making a difference, Gary M. Peters, Michael W. Hook, Mark S. Garner, Jeffrey M. Magniez, Charles W. McKinney, and Jordan S. Nanney Connecting land ethics and entrepreneurship through experiential learning in a bobwhite centric outdoor education program, Greta M. Bowling, Ashleigh P. Tynes, and Kelly S. Reyna BOBWHITE TRANSLOCATION Contributions of translocation to northern bobwhite population recovery, D. Clay Sisson, Theron M. Terhune II, William E. Palmer, and Reggie E. Thackston Experiences in northern bobwhite propagation and translocation in Ohio, 1978–2012, Mark J. Wiley and Nathaniel J. Stricker The effect of age-at-release on survival of adoptive parent-reared bobwhite chicks, Kyle D. Lunsford, Theron M. Terhune II, and James A. Martin Testing northern bobwhite reintroduction techniques in the northern edge of their range, William Macaluso, Christopher K. Williams, and Theron M. Terhune Parent-reared bobwhite survival in the Texas Rolling Plains, Mark A. Thomas and C. Brad Dabbert Summer survival of translocated northern bobwhite in the New Jersey Pine Barrens: Preliminary results, Philip M. Coppola, Kaili R. Stevens, Christopher K. Williams, Theron M. Terhune, John P. Parke, and John Cecil Winter survival and habitat selection by translocated northern bobwhite in the New Jersey Pine Barrens: Preliminary results, Kaili R. Stevens, Philip M. Coppola, Christopher K. Williams, Theron M. Terhune, John P. Parke, and John Cecil BOBWHITE POPULATION ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR Effects of supplemental feeding on breeding season home ranges and resource selection of northern bobwhites, Shane D. Wellendorf, William E. Palmer, and Allen M. Bostick III Do movement patterns and habitat use differ between optimal- and suboptimal-sized northern bobwhite coveys? Christopher K. Williams, Roger D. Applegate, and Anthony R. Ives Foraging behavior of northern bobwhites in relation to resource availability, Ryan S. Miller, William E. Palmer, Shane D. Wellendorf, and L. Wes Burger Jr. Northern bobwhite home range sizes and movements in South Texas, Katherine S. Miller, Fidel Hernández, Leonard A. Brennan, Randy W. DeYoung, and X. Ben Wu Northern bobwhite nest site selection in field borders, Danielle J. Berger, Jessica N. Piispanen, Tim F. Ginnett, and Jason D. Riddle Breeding season survival and nesting of northern bobwhite on native prairie versus traditionally managed conservation areas in southwestern Missouri, Thomas R. Thompson, Frank L. Loncarich, and R. Kyle Hedges Evaluating two trap-and-release methods for bobwhites, Theron M. Terhune II Estimates of northern bobwhite neonate survival, Theron M. Terhune II, Richard B. Chandler, and James A. Martin Patch size and nest density influence nest survival, Victoria Simonsen and Joseph J. Fontaine Effects of growing season fire on northern bobwhite nest site selection and survival, Sarah B. Rosche, Christopher E. Moorman, Christopher S. Deperno, and Jeffrey G. Jones Influence of northern bobwhite nest site selection on nest survival in an agricultural landscape, Andy D. Richardson, Christopher E. Moorman, Craig A. Harper, Mark D. Jones, and Benjy M. Strope Triple brood production by northern bobwhites, D. Clay Sisson An analysis of the interactions between weather and land use on midwestern gamebird populations using historical data: A preliminary report, Amanda R. Lipinski and Joseph J. Fontaine Evaluation of land restoration practices on northern bobwhite productivity in North-central Texas: Preliminary results, Danielle Belleny, Heather Mathewson, Jeff Breeden, John Tomeˇcek, T. Wayne Schwertner, and Jim Giocomo BOBWHITE POPULATION ESTIMATION Statistical population reconstruction using wings from harvested northern bobwhites can inform management, Theron M. Terhune II, Kristen M. Malone, D. Clay Sisson, and James A. Martin Use of spring whistle counts to predict northern bobwhite relative abundance, D. Clay Sisson and Theron M. Terhune II Retention and efficacy of citizen scientist volunteers of the Texas quail index, Kelly S. Reyna and Dale Rollins Comparison of dog surveys and fall covey surveys in estimating fall population trends of northern bobwhite, Evan P. Tanner, R. Dwayne Elmore, David K. Dahlgren, Craig A. Davis, and Samuel D. Fuhlendorf The efficacy of GoPro cameras to account for northern bobwhites flushed, but undetected during aerial surveys, Andrea Bruno, Leonard A. Brennan, Andrew N. Tri, and Habin Su Distance sampling to assess post-grazing northern bobwhite recovery in South Texas, Rachel A. Smith, Leonard A. Brennan, Fidel Hernández, and Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso BOBWHITE HUNTING Hunter-covey interactions using pointing bird dogs, Theron M. Terhune II, Diana J. McGrath, Seth Wood, and James A. Martin Factors influencing northern bobwhite hunter success on a public wildlife management area in Kentucky, Jarred M. Brooke, John J. Morgan, Danna L. Baxley, Craig A. Harper, and Patrick D. Keyser Evaluating hunting success of pen-reared and wild northern bobwhite in a reclaimed Kentucky mineland, Jeremy P. Orange, John M. Yeiser, Danna L. Baxley, John J. Morgan, and Ben A. Robinson Refining the hunting zone of hunter-covey interface models, James A. Martin, Diana J. McGrath, William S. Wood, and Theron M. Terhune II Evaluating the impacts of hunting paths on northern bobwhite survival, economic costs, and hunter satisfaction, W. Seth Wood, Theron M. Terhune II, and James A. Martin Effect of field trials on northern bobwhite survival and hunt quality on Dixie Plantation, D. Clay Sisson and Theron M. Terhune II BOBWHITE PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS Genetic diversity and relatedness within and among northern bobwhite coveys in South Texas, Katherine S. Miller, Leonard A. Brennan, Randy W. DeYoung, Fidel Hernández, and X. Ben Wu Effect of temperature and wind on metabolism of northern bobwhite in winter, L. Wes Burger, Jr., Thomas V. Dailey, Mark R. Ryan, and Eric Kurzejeski Using first passage time analysis to identify foraging patterns of the northern bobwhite, Diana J. McGrath, Theron M. Terhune II, and James A. Martin Comparing the accuracy of egg candling and egg flotation to estimate the hatching date of northern bobwhite clutches, Byron R. Buckley, Alicia K. Andes, and C. Brad Dabbert Genetic structure of northern bobwhite in the Rolling Plains, Peter E. Schlichting, Melanie Murphy, Byron Buckley, and C. Brad Dabbert BOBWHITE MORTALITY FACTIORS-DISEASE, PESTICIDES AND PREDATION Geographic survey of Oxyspirura petrowi among wild northern bobwhites in the United States, Bradley Kubečka, Andrea Bruno, and Dale Rollins Free-ranging, northern bobwhite submissions to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease study (1982–2015), Roger D. Applegate, Richard W. Gerhold Jr., Heather Fenton, and John R. Fischer A brief history of insecticides and quail, Amanda Gobeli, Caitlin Thompson, and Kelly S. Reyna Use of Extinguish Pluse to reduce red imported fire ants and increase northern bobwhite abundance, James W. Caldwell, Nova J. Silvy, Roel R. Lopez, Fred E. Smeins, Michael E. Morrow, Brian L. Pierce, and Israel D. Parker Impacts of red imported fire ants on northern bobwhite nest survival, Angelina M. Haines, D. Clay Sisson, Robert A. Gitzen, Christopher A. Lepczyk, William E. Palmer, and Theron M. Terhune II Landscape features affecting northern bobwhite predator-specific nest failures in southeastern USA, Susan N. Ellis-Felege, Shannon E. Albeke, Nathan P. Nibbelink, Michael J. Conroy, D. Clay Sisson, William E. Palmer, and John P. Carroll Habitat, climate, and raptors as factors in the northern bobwhite decline: a multi-scale analysis, John T. Edwards, Fidel Hernández, David B. Wester, Leonard A. Brennan, Chad J. Parent, and Robert M. Perez Effect of meso-mammal nest predator activity on northern bobwhite nest success, Alexander L. Jackson, William E. Palmer, D. Clay Sisson, Theron M. Terhune II, and James A. Martin WESTERN QUAIL ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Evaluation of population indices and estimators for scaled quail in the Rolling Plains of Texas, Bradley W. Kubečka, John Edwards, Fidel Hernández, and Dale Rollins Population trends and a revised management plan for quail in California, Katherine S. Miller, Matt G. Meshriy, and Scott S. Gardner Ranges and movements of Montezuma quail in southeast Arizona, Pedro M. Chavarria, Nova J. Silvy, Roel R. Lopez, Donald S. Davis, and Angel Montoya Survival demographics of Montezuma quail in southeast Arizona, Pedro M. Chavarria, Nova J. Silvy, Roel R. Lopez, Donald S. Davis, and Angel Montoya A presence–absence survey to monitor Montezuma quail in western Texas, Cristela Gonzalez Sanders, Fidel Hernández, Leonard A. Brennan, Louis A. Harveson, Andrew N. Tri, and Robert M. Perez Changes in habitat use of Montezuma quail in response to tree canopy reduction in the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico, Ryan S. Luna, Elizabeth A. Oaster, Karlee D. Cork, and Ryan O’Shaughnessy Effects of source population and release strategy on survival and dispersal of translocated scaled quail in the Rolling Plains of Texas: A preliminary report, Rebekah E. Ruzicka and Dale Rollins Efficacy of a soft release strategy for translocating scaled quail in the Rolling Plains of Texas, Rebekah E. Ruzicka, Kara B. Campbell, Michelle C. Downey, Dale Rollins, Bradley K. Kubecka, Matthew Poole, and Donald C. Ruthven Survival and nesting ecology of scaled quail in the Trans-Pecos, Texas, Carlos E. González González, Louis A. Harveson, and Ryan S. Luna Conservation status of the masked bobwhite in Sonora, Mexico, David García-Solórzano, Edgardo López-González, and Carlos González-Rebeles Islas The saga of the masked bobwhite: Lessons learned and unlearned, David E. Brown and Kevin B. Clark Breeding season space use and habitat selection of adult female scaled and Gambel’s quail in West Texas, Richard A. Temple, Jr., Louis A. Harveson, and Ryan S. Luna CLOSING REMARKS The importance of regional and landscape context and climate change to northern bobwhite management, Frank R. Thompson II

Seventy years of wildlife research : publications of the Center for Wildlife and Plant Ecology and predecessors, Illinois Natural History Survey

Ope

Distance-Based Habitat Associations of Northern Bobwhites in a Fescue-Dominated Landscape in Kansas

Northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) have a wide distribution across North America which influences its’ associations with habitats in a variety of landscapes. We used radio-marked bobwhites and Euclidean distance to characterize land cover associations of bobwhites at generalized level 1 and specific level 2 land cover classifications during the reproductive (15 Apr-14 Oct) and covey (15 Oct-14 Apr) periods in southeastern Kansas from 2003 to 2005. Habitat associations occurred during the reproductive (Wilkes’ k 1⁄4 0.04, F6,36 1⁄4 143.682, P , 0.001) and covey (Wilkes’ k 1⁄4 0.056, F6, 29 1⁄4 81.99, P , 0.001) periods. Ranking of the reproductive period habitats indicated bobwhites preferred locations in close proximity to fescue (Festuca spp.) over all other habitats. Coveys preferred locations in close proximity to woody cover. Bobwhites were found to associate with specific habitats at the level 2 land cover classification during the reproductive (Wilkes’ k 1⁄4 0.006, F16, 26 1⁄4 284.483, P , 0.001) and covey (Wilkes’ k 1⁄4 0.004, F16, 19 1⁄4 276.037, P , 0.001) periods. Bobwhites preferred locations in close proximity to fescue pastures and roads equally over all other habitats during the reproductive period. Coveys preferred locations in close proximity to roads and Conservation Reserve Program lands during the covey period. Fescue pastures may be avoided by bobwhites during the covey period, provided adequate cover is not provided, but bobwhites are strongly associated with them during the reproductive period because they meet nesting and brooding needs not met by other habitats

Coyote, Canis latrans - Rio Grande Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo intermedia, Interactions

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are widely known to be predators of Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopauo sspp.). We describe two observations of single Coyotes coming within 10 m of feeding Wild Turkey flocks without attempting to predate them in Stevens County, Kansas. We relate these observations to Coyote predation on turkeys and mobbing behavior

Brood Break-up and Juvenile Dispersal of Lesser Prairie-chicken in Kansas

Natal dispersal is critical for genetic interchange between subpopulations of birds and little is known about the timing and extent of lesser prairiechicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) dispersal movements. We monitored movements of 51 transmitter-equipped female lesser prairie-chicken known to have hatched a nest. Average minimum daily brood movements differed (t = -2.94, df = 829, P \u3c 0.01) between the early (273 m; 0 to 14 days post-hatch) and late (312 m; 15 to 60 days post-hatch) brood rearing periods. We captured 71 juvenile lesser prairie-chicken from 10 broods at 3 to 11 days post-hatch and marked them with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. We subsequently captured 41 chicks from 20 different broods and fitted them with necklace-style transmitters. Transmitter- equipped brood hens and individual chicks were monitored daily and the average date of brood break-up was September 13 (85 to 128 days post-hatch). Both males and females exhibited bimodal dispersal movements in the fall and spring. Autumn dispersal movements peaked between late October and early November for both sexes. Spring dispersal movement of males peaked during late February. Female dispersal movements in the spring peaked in late March and were much more extensive than fall dispersal movements. Natal dispersal distance for all marked males averaged 1.4 km (SE= 0.2, n = 9). The approximate dispersal distances of three transmitter-equipped females ranged from 1.5 to 26.3 km. Because of greater dispersal distances, females will contribute more to genetic exchanges between fragmented subpopulations. To ensure genetic connectivity, we recommend that a distance of less than 10 km be maintained between lesser prairie-chicken subpopulations through protection or establishment of suitable habitat