Neurophysiologic markers of primary motor cortex for laryngeal muscles and premotor cortex in caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus investigated in motor speech disorder : a navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have so far reported the results of mapping the primary motor cortex (M1) for hand and tongue muscles in stuttering disorder. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for locating the M1 for laryngeal muscle and premotor cortical area in the caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus, corresponding to Broca's area in stuttering subjects by applying new methodology for mapping these motor speech areas. Sixteen stuttering and eleven control subjects underwent rTMS motor speech mapping using modified patterned rTMS. The subjects performed visual object naming task during rTMS applied to the (a) left M1 for laryngeal muscles for recording corticobulbar motor-evoked potentials (CoMEP) from cricothyroid muscle and (b) left premotor cortical area in the caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus while recording long latency responses (LLR) from cricothyroid muscle. The latency of CoMEP in control subjects was 11.75 +/- A 2.07 ms and CoMEP amplitude was 294.47 +/- A 208.87 A mu V, and in stuttering subjects CoMEP latency was 12.13 +/- A 0.75 ms and 504.64 +/- A 487.93 A mu V CoMEP amplitude. The latency of LLR in control subjects was 52.8 +/- A 8.6 ms and 54.95 +/- A 4.86 in stuttering subjects. No significant differences were found in CoMEP latency, CoMEP amplitude, and LLR latency between stuttering and control-fluent speakers. These results indicate there are probably no differences in stuttering compared to controls in functional anatomy of the pathway used for transmission of information from premotor cortex to the M1 cortices for laryngeal muscle representation and from there via corticobulbar tract to laryngeal muscles.Peer reviewe

Neurophysiologic markers of primary motor cortex for laryngeal muscles and premotor cortex in caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus investigated in motor speech disorder : a navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have so far reported the results of mapping the primary motor cortex (M1) for hand and tongue muscles in stuttering disorder. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for locating the M1 for laryngeal muscle and premotor cortical area in the caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus, corresponding to Broca's area in stuttering subjects by applying new methodology for mapping these motor speech areas. Sixteen stuttering and eleven control subjects underwent rTMS motor speech mapping using modified patterned rTMS. The subjects performed visual object naming task during rTMS applied to the (a) left M1 for laryngeal muscles for recording corticobulbar motor-evoked potentials (CoMEP) from cricothyroid muscle and (b) left premotor cortical area in the caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus while recording long latency responses (LLR) from cricothyroid muscle. The latency of CoMEP in control subjects was 11.75 +/- A 2.07 ms and CoMEP amplitude was 294.47 +/- A 208.87 A mu V, and in stuttering subjects CoMEP latency was 12.13 +/- A 0.75 ms and 504.64 +/- A 487.93 A mu V CoMEP amplitude. The latency of LLR in control subjects was 52.8 +/- A 8.6 ms and 54.95 +/- A 4.86 in stuttering subjects. No significant differences were found in CoMEP latency, CoMEP amplitude, and LLR latency between stuttering and control-fluent speakers. These results indicate there are probably no differences in stuttering compared to controls in functional anatomy of the pathway used for transmission of information from premotor cortex to the M1 cortices for laryngeal muscle representation and from there via corticobulbar tract to laryngeal muscles.Peer reviewe

Meta-Analysis of Kindling-Induced Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus

Numerous studies have been performed to examine gene expression patterns in the rodent hippocampus in the kindling model of epilepsy. However, recent reviews of this literature have revealed limited agreement among studies. Because this conclusion was based on retrospective comparison of reported “hit lists” from individual studies, we hypothesized that re-analysis of the original expression data would help address this concern. In this paper, we reanalyzed four genome-wide expression studies of excitotoxin-induced kindling in rat and performed a statistical meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed over 800 genes which show significant change in expression 24 h after initial seizure induction, and 59 genes altered after 10 days. To evaluate our results in light of previous work, we assembled a reference list of genes formed from a consensus of the published literature. Our profiles include most of the genes in this reference list, and most of the additional genes are from pathways or biological processes previously recognized to be altered in kindling. In addition our results emphasized expression changes in lipid metabolism and protein degradation pathways. We conclude that a cautious re-analysis of published expression data can help illuminate genes and pathways underling kindling. Supplementary Material is available at http://www.chibi.ubc.ca/faculty/pavlidis/meta-analysis-of-brain-kindling

Rast mase i dužine tijela mlađi dužičaste pastrmke (oncorhynchus mykiss wal.) porijeklom od različitih matičnih jata

Eksperiment analize karakteristika rasta mase i dužine tijela mlađi dužičaste pastrmke (Oncorhynchus mykiss Wal.), porijeklom od različitih matičnih jata, realizovan je u salmonidnom mrestilištu Klašnik - Banja Luka u trajanju od 134 dana (od 05.7.2012. do 16.11.2012.) i dio je istraživanja kojim su obuhvaćeni izbor matičnog jata, mrijest, analiza embrionalnog razvoja i karakteristika rasta dužičaste pastrmke do devet mjeseci starosti. U eksperimentu je korišćena dužičasta pastrmka starosti pet mjeseci porijeklom od pet različitih matičnih jata, a karakteristike rasta su praćene do uzrasta od devet mjeseci. Temperatura vode tokom realizacije eksperimenta prosječno je iznosila 10,93oC, rastvoreni kiseonik u vodi 10,39 mg/l, zasićenje vode kiseonikom 94,8% i pH 7,57. Koeficijent kondicije (CF) analizirane mlađi dužičaste pastrmke uzrasta od devet mjeseci je u porastu, a stopa rasta (SGR) je u padu u svim eksperimentalnim grupama, dok koeficijent rasta za termičku jedinicu (TGC) ukazuje na različite tendencije. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na izraženu heterogenost karakteristika rasta mlađi dužičaste pastrmke porijeklom od pet različitih matičnih jata

The Renal Transplant Experience: Patients' Post-Operative Perspectives and the Social Work Role

This qualitative study examines the experiences of patients who have undergone renal transplant surgery. Interviews were conducted with six patient informants who received renal transplants one to six months prior to the study. Participants’ narratives offered insight into: the variability of transplant preparation, hopes, experiences, and perspectives of recovery, meanings of recovery, significance of social and economic supports in recovery, and the role of professional staff in providing support and resources during the transplant journey. Their stories are explored in relation to literature on psychosocial aspects of renal transplant and through a critical disability studies lens. The nuances of the social work role in relation to patients’ pre- and post-operative renal transplant journey was explored in depth. Based on the findings and relevant literature, recommendations and suggestions are made on how to expand the social work role in the pre- and post-transplant clinic at St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton.ThesisMaster of Social Work (MSW

Empowering Caregivers and Nurturing Growth: An Intervention for Caregivers with ACEs

Foundational physical and emotional systems that shape an individual's lifelong well-being develop in early childhood. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can significantly disrupt this development, often leading to physical and mental health challenges in adulthood. Adults who have experienced ACEs may unintentionally expose their own children to similar adversities, perpetuating cycles of intergenerational trauma. This capstone project reviews existing literature to explore the effects of ACEs in adulthood and seeks strategies to interrupt this cycle. In this capstone, I propose the development of a podcast that incorporates psychoeducational content aimed at supporting caregivers in both self-care and child-rearing practices. By empowering caregivers with knowledge and practical tools, this initiative seeks to promote healing, resilience, and the reduction of intergenerational trauma

Radiant and mass fluxes in multi-platform, multi-payload satellite-based volcano monitoring

The enormous amount of remote sensing (RS) data available today at a range of temporal and spatial resolutions aid emergency management in volcanic crises. RS provides a technological solution for bridging critical gaps in volcanic hazard assessment and risk mitigation. Detection and measurement of high-temperature thermal anomalies enable eruption monitoring and new lava flow propagation forecasts, for example. The accuracy of such thermal estimates relies on the knowledge of input parameters, such as emissivity - the efficiency with which surfaces radiate thermal energy at various wavelengths and temperatures. Emissivity is directly linked to the measurement of radiant flux and therefore affects the mass flux estimate as well as any model-based prediction of lava flow behaviour. Emissivity is not commonly measured across the range of volcanic lava compositions and temperatures, and it is generally assumed to have a constant value between 1.0 and 0.80 for basaltic lava. There is a lack of field and laboratory-based emissivity data for robust, more realistic modelling. To address this deficit, experiments on ‘aa’ lava samples were performed using data from Mount Etna (Italy), representing the range of its eruptive behaviour. In three sequential stages, emissivity was measured over the widest range of temperatures (294 – 1373 K) and wavelengths (2.17 - 15.0 μm) executable in the laboratory environment.The results show that emissivity is temperature, composition and wavelength dependent. Measured emissivity increases non-linearly with temperature decrease (cooling), exhibiting significant variations above 900 K with values considerably lower than the typically assumed 0.80. The measured and modelled emissivity values were applied to various remote sensing applications as input parameters for physical modelling of lava flows. This new evidence has significant impact on the computation of radiant heat flux from spaceborne data, as well as on modelling of lava flow ‘distance-to-run’ simulations. Furnished with improved input parameters (multicomponent emissivity), the novel approach developed here can be used to test an improved version of an unsupervised multi-platform, multi-payload volcano monitoring system

De metamorfose van Bankside Power Station tot Tate Modern in Londen

In dit artikel1 worden de formele manieren geanalyseerd waarop architecten de verbouwing hebben benaderd van een leegstaand, niet beschermd en desondanks historisch belangrijk industriegebouw. Bijna een eeuw na dato is de ‘radicale breuk met het verleden van de modernisten’ onder zowel oudere als jongere architecten nog steeds een levende mythe, ondanks de vele overtuigende argumenten die tegen een degelijke historische interpretatie van de modernisten in stelling werden gebracht. Het antwoord op deze mythe was de ‘erfgoedcultus’ van de monumentenbeschermers die na de Tweede Wereldoorlog ontstond, en die uitmondde in de huidige musealisering, niet alleen van individuele gebouwen, maar ook van complete historische stadscentra. Gedurende de laatste vijftig jaar hebben de aanhangers van de mythe en die van de cultus twee kampen gevormd, die tegengestelde belangen lijken te huldigen in hun benadering van de gebouwde omgeving. Het feit dat het ontwerp voor de verbouwing van het Bankside Power Station tot de Tate Gallery voor moderne kunst positieve kritieken heeft gekregen van beide zijden, zowel van toonaangevende architectuurcritici als van monumentenbeschermers, roept echter de vraag op of de strijdbijl misschien begraven is. De instructie voor de ontwerpprijsvraag voor de verbouwing van de elektriciteitscentrale vermeldt dat het gebouw geen beschermde status geniet, een open uitnodiging aan architecten om flink in het gebouw in te grijpen.. De voorstellen van zes architecten haalden de shortlist voor de tweede ronde. Een analyse van deze voorstellen (zie hieronder) leverde een verrassend resultaat op: de oude vorm van het gebouw bleek bepalend, in de zin dat die de vorm van het nieuwe direct beïnvloedde, hoe de conceptuele retoriek van de afzonderlijke architecten ook luidde. Daarmee wordt een vraag opgeroepen die nader onderzoek behoeft: hebben de aanhangers van de erfgoedcultus gewonnen of was het altijd al eerder een strijd in woorden dan in daden geweest, zoals gebruikelijk bij mythes