Concentration, Origin and Health Hazard from Fine Particle-Bound PAH at Three Characteristic Sites in Southern Poland

Suspended particles with the aerodynamic diameters not greater than 2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) and 1 μm (PM(1), sub-fraction of PM(2.5)) were sampled at three sites: an urban background site, rural background site, and urban traffic site in southern Poland. In total, there were 240 samples taken within 02.08.2009–27.12.2010. Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in each dust fraction. The averages of the concentration of total PAH (ΣPAH) and of particular PAH, as well as the share of carcinogenic PAH in total PAH (ΣPAH(carc)/ΣPAH), carcinogenic equivalent, mutagenic equivalent, and TCDD-toxic equivalent appeared high compared to other areas in the world. Their high values express the significance of health hazard from PM and PM-bound PAH in southern Poland. The diagnostic ratios suggest that PM-bound PAH originate from municipal (PM(1−2.5)) and vehicular (PM(1)) combustion

The Cauchy Problem for a One Dimensional Nonlinear Peridynamic Model

This paper studies the Cauchy problem for a one-dimensional nonlinear peridynamic model describing the dynamic response of an infinitely long elastic bar. The issues of local well-posedness and smoothness of the solutions are discussed. The existence of a global solution is proved first in the sublinear case and then for nonlinearities of degree at most three. The conditions for finite-time blow-up of solutions are established.Comment: To appear in Journal of Differential Equations (added references, corrected typos, minor revision in Section 2, 18 pages

The Cauchy problem for a class of two-dimensional nonlocal nonlinear wave equations governing anti-plane shear motions in elastic materials

This paper is concerned with the analysis of the Cauchy problem of a general class of two-dimensional nonlinear nonlocal wave equations governing anti-plane shear motions in nonlocal elasticity. The nonlocal nature of the problem is reflected by a convolution integral in the space variables. The Fourier transform of the convolution kernel is nonnegative and satisfies a certain growth condition at infinity. For initial data in $L^{2}$ Sobolev spaces, conditions for global existence or finite time blow-up of the solutions of the Cauchy problem are established.Comment: 15 pages. "Section 6 The Anisotropic Case" added and minor changes. Accepted for publication in Nonlinearit

El sacramento del matrimonio en el rito bizantino

This article presents the theology of the sacrament of marriage in the Byzantine tradition Churches. In light of the value attributed to virginity in the early centuries of the Church (1), the concept of marriage in the Old Testament (2.1), and Roman legal norms (2.2), the author highlights the originality and significance of Christian marriage as portrayed in the New Testament (2.3). It is emphasized that, in its early stages, the marriage ceremony was liturgically united to the Eucharist (2.4). However, this connection gradually diminished under the influence of Roman civil law on sacramental practice, leading to the development of rituals separate from the Divine Liturgy, such as the rites of betrothal and crowning (2.5). These rituals, conceived in response to the legal and pastoral needs of the time, acquired profound theological and spiritual meaning, symbolizing the union of spouses as a new creation in Christ and their integration into the divine plan of salvation. Finally, the text addresses issues such as second marriages (2.6), the possibility of remarriage after divorce (2.7), and the regulations concerning clerical marriage (2.8).Este artículo presenta la teología del matrimonio sacramental en las Iglesias de tradición bizantina a partir del valor atribuido a la virginidad en los primeros siglos de la Iglesia (1), del concepto de matrimonio en el Antiguo Testamento (2.1) y de las normativas del derecho romano (2.2). El autor destaca la originalidad y relevancia del matrimonio cristiano tal como se presenta en el Nuevo Testamento (2.3). Subraya que en sus inicios la ceremonia matrimonial estaba litúrgicamente vinculada a la Eucaristía (2.4). No obstante, esta conexión se fue diluyendo progresivamente bajo la influencia del derecho civil romano en la práctica sacramental, lo que dio lugar a rituales separados de la Divina Liturgia, como los ritos de esponsales y de coronación (2.5). Estos rituales, concebidos en respuesta a las necesidades legales y pastorales de la época, adquirieron un significado teológico y espiritual profundo, simbolizando la unión de los esposos como una nueva creación en Cristo y su integración en el plan divino de salvación. Por último, el texto analiza cuestiones como las segundas nupcias (2.6), la posibilidad de un nuevo matrimonio tras el divorcio (2.7) y las normativas relacionadas con el matrimonio del clero (2.8)

An elastoplastic theory of dislocations as a physical field theory with torsion

We consider a static theory of dislocations with moment stress in an anisotropic or isotropic elastoplastical material as a T(3)-gauge theory. We obtain Yang-Mills type field equations which express the force and the moment equilibrium. Additionally, we discuss several constitutive laws between the dislocation density and the moment stress. For a straight screw dislocation, we find the stress field which is modified near the dislocation core due to the appearance of moment stress. For the first time, we calculate the localized moment stress, the Nye tensor, the elastoplastic energy and the modified Peach-Koehler force of a screw dislocation in this framework. Moreover, we discuss the straightforward analogy between a screw dislocation and a magnetic vortex. The dislocation theory in solids is also considered as a three-dimensional effective theory of gravity.Comment: 38 pages, 6 figures, RevTe

Factors determining the concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter in the air of selected service facilities

The link between increased morbidity and mortality and increasing concentrations of particulate matter (PM) resulted in great attention being paid to the presence and physicochemical properties of PM in closed rooms, where people spends most of their time. The least recognized group of such indoor environments are small service facilities. The aim of this study was to identify factors which determine the concentration, chemical composition and sources of PM in the air of different service facilities: restaurant kitchen, printing office and beauty salon. The average PM concentration measured in the kitchen was 5-fold (PM4, particle fraction ≥ 4 μm) and 5.3-fold (TSP, total PM) greater than the average concentration of these PM fractions over the same period. During the same measurement period in the printing office and in the beauty salon, the mean PM concentration was 10- and 4-fold (PM4) and 8- and 3-fold (TSP) respectively greater than the mean concentration of these PM fractions in outdoor air. In both facilities the main source of PM macro-components, especially organic carbon, were chemicals, which are normally used in such places - solvents, varnishes, paints, etc. The influence of some metals inflow from the outdoor air into indoor environment of those facilities was also recognized

Review of Metabolic Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2

Bariatric/metabolic surgery is considered an accepted treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with body mass index (BMI)  ≧  35 kg/m2. Mounting evidence also shows that metabolic surgery is effective for T2DM with BMI  <  35 kg/m2. To evaluate current status of metabolic surgery, we reviewed the available clinical studies which described surgical treatment for T2DM with mean BMI  <  35 kg/m2. 18 studies with 477 patients were identified. 30% of the patients was insulin users. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 216 months. The weight loss effect was reasonable, not excessive. Mean BMI decreased from 30.4 to 24.8 kg/m2. Remission of T2DM was achieved in 64.7% of the patients with fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin approaching slightly above normal range. Clinical T2DM status was an important factor when selecting the eligible candidates for metabolic surgery. Postoperative complication rate of 10.3% with mortality of 0% in the studies has been acceptable. Even though it would be premature at this point to state that metabolic surgery is an accepted treatment option for T2DM with BMI < 35 kg/m2, it is clear that a high proportion of T2DM patients will derive substantial benefit from metabolic surgery