Oro-facial aspects of leprosy : report of two cases with literature review

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease affecting primarily the skin, peripheral nerves, respiratory system and the eyes. Leprosy induces various types of clinical presentation affecting the patient´s immune response. Cellmediated immunity is considered to be the crucial defence against the disease and the magnitude of this immunity defines the extent of the disease. The article presents two case reports of manifestations of leprosy in the oro-facial region, with a brief review of various other important oro-facial manifestations of leprosy. The first report deals with granulomatous nodules in the palate while the second report presents bilateral facial palsy in leprosy patients. Both the reports gain importance due to rare oral manifestation in a borderline leprosy patient in the first case, while the second case presents a rare bilateral Bell´s sign. The role of the dental profession and especially the Oral Medicine specialist is of great importance in early diagnosis of oral lesions

Cutaneous Horn on the Right Supraclavicular Region in an Adolescent Female, a Rare Case Report

Cutaneous horn (CH) is an outgrowth from the skin surface, composed of keratin, and associated with benign to malignant skin lesions. We report a case of CH in a 15-year-old female associated with Keratoacanthoma. It is uncommon in young people and is associated with a good prognosis because of its benign nature. This case needs to be reported as it highlights the rare occurrence of this condition in the younger age group and its good prognosis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, with histopathologic diagnosis playing a critical role in determining the nature and further treatment of this condition if required

Fundamental Principles of Rasashastra: An Overview of Iatrochemistry in Ayurveda

Basic principles of iatrochemistry are those concepts that have been tried and tested in various ways and which are required to be known in connected science. Rasashastra, Indian alchemy, is the unique branch of Ayurveda that is considered to be Indian pharmaceutics of herbo-mineral remedies. The fundamental principles connected to the foundation and evolution of Rasashastra are not clearly defined and are scattered in various ancient classical texts. Therefore, an attempt has been made to review these fundamental principles systematically and explanatorily. Therefore, in the present work, an attempt has been made to set up a full-fledged review of basic principles of Rasashastra and elucidate their distinguishing features. Lohavada and Dehavada, eighteen ways of treating mercury, Rasashastra terminology, instruments, crucibles, blowers, the pit of incineration of metals/minerals purification, incineration, Amrutikarana, Lohitikaran, Satvapatan, the test of incinerated material, and levigation are the basic principles of Rasashastra. The aim of this article is to combine the understanding of these principles with regard to both Ayurvedic and contemporary science as the foundation for research and development in Rasashastra

IMPACT OF Pleurotus tuber-regium(Rumph. ex Fr.)EXTRACT LOADED SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON LIPID PROFILE OF MAMMALIAN MODEL,WISTAR ALBINO RATS(Rattus norvegicus)

The effect of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) loaded with Pleurotus tuber-regium extract on the lipid profile of Wistar albino rats as mammalian model has been assessed and compared with that of crude extract.The SNPs loaded with P. tuber-regium extract showed significant (p<0.05) increase in HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol (52.74±1.12 mg dL-1) in rats treated with 400 mg kg-1 dose (group 3) of nanoparticles in comparison to 200 mg kg-1 dose (group 2)  and control group (group 1). However, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total cholesterol (65.24±0.70 mg dL-1), LDL cholesterol (29.82±0.29 mg dL-1) and triglyceride (63.91±0.99 mg dL-1) in rats of Group-3 was observed compare to the Group-2 and control group of rats. The results of SNPs treatment, when compared to the crude extract treatment for the similar parameters, have shown significantly (p<0.05) better performance. The medicinal properties of SNPs exhibited better efficacy than the crude extract.  On the basis of the observations, it can be concluded that crude extract of Pleurotus tuber-regium as well as silver nanoparticles loaded with extract of Pleurotus tuber-regium be used in formulation and delivery of drug for hypercholesterolemia

A Comparative Analysis of Balaguduchyadi and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti: Insights and Outcomes

Ayurveda aims to preserve health and alleviate ailments through two main types of treatments: Shodhana Karma and Shamana Karma. Shodhana Karma includes purification therapies like Niruha Basti, which is particularly effective for Vata-predominant disorders. This retrospective study assesses the immediate outcomes of two improvised Niruha Basti formulations—Balaguduchyadi Basti (BNB) and Erandamuladi Basti (ENB)—in achieving Samyaka Niruha Lakshana, focusing on dosage ranges, voiding patterns, and Retention Period (RP). Forty Assessment formats for Basti karma of patients with various medical conditions were categorized into two groups. Group A consisted of 20 patients (both male and female) who received BNB, while Group B comprised 20 patients (both male and female) who received ENB. Results indicated that BNB achieved its highest average score for Samyaka Niruha Lakshana with a dosage range of 601-650 ml with an average RP of 14.9 minutes, whereas ENB reached its optimal score at a slightly lower dosage range of 551-600 ml (average RP of 5.9 minutes). The lowest average scores for BNB were observed at a dosage range of 401-450 ml (average RP of 8.5 minutes), while ENB showed the lowest scores at a dosage range of 501-550 ml (average RP of 6.3 minutes)

Development and Validation of UPLC-MS/MS Method for Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Levothyroxine and Liothyronine in Human Serum

A simple ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated to simultaneously determine levothyroxine (LT4) and liothyronine (LT3) in human serum. Sample preparation was done through protein precipitation with acetonitrile. HyPURITY C18 column was selected to achieve rapid separation for LT4 and LT3 within 4 min. Electrospray ionization (ESI) under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to monitor the ion transitions for LT4 (m/z 777.54→731.52), LT3 (m/z 651.64→ 605.65) and internal standard LT4-D3 (m/z 780.53 →734.19), operating in the positive ion mode. The method was proved to be accurate (82.35% to 113.56%) and precise (0.73% to 8.28%) over concentration range of 50.37 ng/ml – 300.13 ng/ml for LT4 and 0.5 ng/ml – 50.37 ng/ml for LT3. The validated method could be applied for pharmacokinetic study or bioequivalence testing of combination products of LT4 and LT3. Keywords: Levothyroxine; Liothyronine; Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic; Mass Spectrometry; Human Seru

ADDITIONAL NEW RECORD OF EARTHWORMS BELONGING TO FAMILY OCTOCHAETIDAE FROM CHOTANAGPUR PLATEAU REGION OF JHARKHAND

Four species of earthworms belonging to family Octochaetidae (Haplotaxida : Oligochaeta) namely Lennogaster pusillus   Stephenson, Dichogaster bolaui  Gates, Octochaetona  surensis  Michaelsen, Eutyphoeus waltoni Michaelsen have been collected from different areas of Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand and have been identified and described. Out of the four one species (Dichogaster bolaui) is peregrine while rest three are native species. Two species  namely  Dichogaster bolaui  and Lennogaster pusillus   are epigeic while remaining  two are endogeic. Occurrence of more native species indicates that the different land use patterns have not affected much the habitat of the earthworms from where they have bbeen sampled

FIRST RECORD OF MONILIGASTRID EARTHWORMS FROM A SELECTED REGION OF THE GANGETIC PLAIN OF BIHAR, INDIA

The paper deals with description of two species of Genus Drawida Michaelsen found in different locations of the Gangetic plain of Bihar. Though the genus is native yet only two species were found in this region during the collection. The two species dealt with are Drawida calebi Gates and Drawida willsi Michaelsen. The occurrence of these species in the Gangetic plain indicated the suitability of the edaphic profile of the region to the earthworm species. Both the species are endogeic in nature

FIRST RECORD OF OCNERODRILID EARTHWORM FROM SELECTED REGION OF THE GANGETIC PLAIN OF BIHAR, INDIA

Owing to nonavailability of any report on earthworms belonging to family Ocnerodrilidae, the present survey was conducted in the Gangetic plain region of Bihar. A single species Ocnerodrilus occidentalis Eisen was recorded during the survey representing the genus Ocnerodrilus Eisen of the family. This species has been reported from different parts of India. The paper deals with details of its diagnosis