Optimization source structure of electric vehicle using calculation of energy consumption in Matlab GUI

The capacity of the primary energy source is the main parameter participating in a range of the electric vehicle (EV). The final choice of an appropriate structure of sources integrated into the vehicle can consist of one or a variety of energy sources/storages. This way increased effectiveness, thus an increase in driving range as well as regenerative braking energy, can be achieved. Energy storages for EV applications are rated on the basis of three parameters namely, specific energy, energy density and specific power. These are the key parameters taken into account in selecting appropriate energy sources. The article provides an analysis of collaboration of an ultracapacitor module with an accumulator battery

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury and its contemporary prevention

The complexity and application range of interventional and diagnostic procedures using contrast media (CM) have recently increased. This allows more patients to undergo procedures that involve CM administration. However, the intrinsic CM toxicity leads to the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). At present, effective therapy of CI-AKI is rather limited. Effective prevention of CI-AKI therefore becomes crucially important. This review presents an in-depth discussion of CI-AKI incidence, pathogenesis, risk prediction, current preventive strategies, and novel treatment possibilities. The review also discusses the difference between CI-AKI incidence following intraarterial and intravenous CM administration. Factors contributing to the development of CI-AKI are considered in conjunction with the mechanism of acute kidney damage. The need for ultimate risk estimation and the prediction of CI-AKI is stressed. Possibilities of CI-AKI prevention is evaluated within the spectrum of existing preventive measures aimed at reducing kidney injury. In particular, the review discusses intravenous hydration regimes and pre-treatment with statins and N-acetylcysteine. The review further focuses on emerging alternative imaging technologies, alternative intravascular diagnostic and interventional procedures, and new methods for intravenous hydration guidance; it discusses the applicability of those techniques in complex procedures and their feasibility in current practise. We put emphasis on contemporary interventional cardiology imaging methods, with a brief discussion of CI-AKI in non-vascular and non-cardiologic imaging and interventional studies