“Confiar, apostar e exigir”: O itinerário das Avós da Praça de Maio da Argentina durante os primeiros anos do kirchnerismo (2003-2007)

La revista Analecta política es una publicación científica del programa de Ciencias Políticas, adscrito a la Escuela de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín-Colombia. Su objetivo es presentar los resultados de investigaciones y de algunas reflexiones en torno al quehacer político, que permita a los lectores obtener nuevos tópicos de interpretación. Está dirigida a comunidades académicas e investigativas de la ciencia política en pro de la discusión y debate sobre los problemas sociales que preocupan a las comunidades locales, nacionales e internacionales.This paper analyzes some unknown dimensions of the relation between the Kirchner government and the movement of human rights in Argentina. The case focuses on the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and the meaning of the political process that began in 2003. The results allow to comprehend the interaction between one of the most recognized human rights organizations in Argentina and the State, especially taking into account a perspective contrary to reductionist tendencies, which affirm that the governmental support is a form of coopting such organization. This study was based on a qualitative methodology and diverse primary information sources such as publications, Argentinian newspapers and magazines, statements and in-depth interviews of APM members.Este artigo analisa algumas dimensões pouco exploradas acerca da vinculação entre o Movimento de direitos humanos da Argentina e o governo de Néstor Kirchner. Para isto se emprega o caso das Avós da Praça de Maio e enfatiza-se em aspectos do significado dado por estas ao processo político iniciado em 2003. Os resultados deste trabalho permitem se aproximar à compreensão da dinâmica de interação entre uma das organizações de direitos humanos mais reconhecidas da Argentina e o Estado desde uma perspectiva que supera os enfoques reducionistas que explicam o apoio destas ao governo como uma cooptação. Para a realização desde trabalho se utilizou uma metodologia qualitativa e múltiplas fontes de informação primária, especialmente publicações, comunicados e entrevistas em profundidade a integrantes das APM e diários e revistas argentinas de circulação nacional.Fil: Andriotti Romanin, Enrique Salvador. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Tell the Truth, Do Justice: The Truth-Finding Trials in Argentina

Tell the Truth, Do Justice: The Truth-Finding Trials in Argentina In the late 90’s the so-called “Truth-Finding Trials” made their appearance in different cities of Argentina. In the course of the hearings, the families and survivors spoke out against the magnitude of repression and the civil participation in state terrorism; individual members of the Armed Forces were forced to attend law courts to testify. For these reasons, from the beginning, these “trials” generated strong conflicts and political disputes mainly between the State, the human rights movement and other social actors interested in either promoting or blocking a judicial review of the dictatorial past. In the present work we investigate some dimensions little explored in the bibliography specialized on the truth-finding trials, particularly in the strategies used to achieve the same. The idea guiding this article is that these trials were the result of different legal, political and procedural strategies, which taken together allow the visualization of different methods used in the construction of these trialsA finales de la década de los 90 hicieron su aparición en distintas ciudades de la Argentina los denominados “Juicios por la Verdad.” En el marco de las audiencias los familiares y sobrevivientes denunciaron la magnitud de la represión y la participación civil en el terrorismo de Estado; distintos miembros de la Fuerzas Armadas se vieron obligados a concurrir a estrados judiciales a brindar testimonio. Por estos motivos, desde un comienzo, estos “juicios” generaron fuertes conflictos y disputas políticas principalmente entre el Estado, el movimiento de derechos humanos y otros actores sociales interesados en promover u obturar una revisión judicial del pasado dictatorial. En el trabajo que aquí presentamos indagamos en algunas dimensiones poco exploradas en la bibliografía especializada acerca de los Juicios por la verdad, en particular en las estrategias utilizadas para la realización de los mismos. La idea que guía este artículo es que estos juicios fueron el resultado de diferentes estrategias jurídicas, políticas y procesales que, en conjunto permiten visualizar la existencia de distintos modos de construcción de estos juicios. Palabras clave: Argentina, justicia, verdad, derechos humanos, acción colectiva, juicios por la verdadFil: Andriotti Romanin, Enrique Salvador. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Sociologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata; Argentin

Anomalous screening of an electrostatic field at the surface of niobium nitride

The interaction between an electric field and the electric charges in a material is described by electrostatic screening, which in metallic systems is commonly thought to be confined within a distance of the order of the Thomas-Fermi length. The validity of this picture, which holds for surface charges up to $\sim 10^{13}\,\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$, has been recently questioned by several experimental results when dealing with larger surface charges, such as those routinely achieved via the ionic gating technique. Whether these results can be accounted for in a purely electrostatic picture is still debated. In this work, we tackle this issue by calculating the spatial dependence of the charge carrier density in thin slabs of niobium nitride via an ab initio density functional theory approach in the field-effect transistor configuration. We find that perturbations induced by surface charges $\lesssim 10^{14}\,\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ are mainly screened within the first layer, while those induced by larger surface charges $\sim 10^{15}\,\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ can penetrate over multiple atomic layers, in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. Furthermore, we show that a significant contribution to the screening of large fields is associated not only to the accumulation layer of the induced charge carriers at the surface, but also to the polarization of the pre-existing charge density of the undoped system.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Memories (s) and silent (s) on revolutionary violence in the "happy town": testimonials about militancy and armed struggle in the trial for the truth of Mar del Plata, Argentina

El objetivo del trabajo que aquí presentamos consiste en indagar, a partir de un estudio de caso, sobre algunas dimensiones presentes en los relatos acerca de la violencia política y la lucha armada de los años 70´ que fueron brindados en uno de los Juicios por la Verdad, que se realizó en la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina. En particular nos interesa responder a la pregunta acerca de si en este tipo de juicios se produjo la aparición de un relato político acerca de la lucha armada desplegada por las organizaciones político - militares de la década de los 70´o, por el contrario se presentó un relato despolitizado de la historia reciente. Para ello, en una primera parte presentamos algunos aspectos acerca de esta modalidad jurídica que se desarrolló en la Argentina y destacamos comparativamente las características distintivas del Juicio por la Verdad de Mar del Plata. En segundo lugar, analizamos un conjunto de testimonios presentados en las distintas etapas del Juicio por la Verdad, por distintos actores sociales a fin de visualizar cómo estos presentaron la lucha armada. Por último, establecemos algunas conclusiones preliminares. Se trabajó con una metodología cualitativa centrada en análisis de testimonios, que fueron complementados con entrevistas a miembros del Movimiento de derechos humanos y abogados que participaron del juicio.Fil: Andriotti Romanin, Enrique Salvador. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Sociologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata; Argentin

Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Healthcare Students and Postgraduates in a Mediterranean Italian Area: What Correlation with Work Exposure?

Background: Tuberculosis screening is part of the standard protocol for evaluating the risk of infection in healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among students attending various healthcare profession degree courses and postgraduate medical courses at the School of Medicine of the University of Palermo, Italy, and assess the possible professional origin of infection. Methods: In total, 2946 students (2082 undergraduates and 864 postgraduates) took part in a screening program for LTBI between January 2014 to April 2019 using the tuberculin skin test (TST). Students with a positive TST result underwent a Quantiferon-TB test (QFT). Results: Among the 2082 undergraduates, 23 (1.1%) had a positiveTST;theresultwasconfirmedwithQFTfor13(0.62%)ofthem. Amongthe864postgraduate students,24(2.78%)hadapositiveTSTandonly18(2.08%)showedapositiveQTF.Latenttuberculosis infectionsweresignificantlymorefrequentamongpostgraduatesthanundergraduates(2.08% > 0.62%, p < 0.0001). There was a higher number of subjects previously vaccinated for TB (18.87% > 0.24%, p < 0.0001), and of vaccinated subjects found positive for TST and QTF (66.67% > 7.69%, p = 0.001) in the postgraduate group. Conclusion: Latent TB is relatively low among medical school students in our geographic area. Nevertheless, this infectious disease must be regarded as a re-emerging biohazard for which preventive strategies are required to limit the risk of infection, especially among exposed workers

Respiratory syncytial virus: Clinical and epidemiological pattern in pediatric patients admitted to a children’s hospital between 2000 and 2013

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major causative organism associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children.The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological pattern of RSV and identify risk factors for RSV infection. POPULATION AND METHODS: Prospective, cohort study on patients hospitalized due to acute lower respiratory tract infection at Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez between March and November throughout the 2000-2013 period. The virological diagnosis of RSV, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza was performed by indirect immunofluorescence using nasopharyngeal aspirates. RESULTS: A total of 12,555 children were included, 38.2% (4798) had virus rescued from samples. RSV accounted for 81.8% of cases (3924/4798) with no significant annual variations (71.2- 88.1) and with an epidemic seasonal pattern(May through July); RSV was followed by influenza (7.6%), parainfluenza (5.9%), and adenovirus (4.7%).The median age of patients with RSV rescue (3924) was 7 months old (0- 214 months old), while 74.2% were younger than 1 year old, 43.1% were younger than 6 months old, 56.5% were males and the most common clinical presentation was bronchiolitis (60.7%). Comorbidities were observed in 41.6% of cases. The most common comorbidities were chronic respiratory disease (74%), congenital heart disease (14%), and chronic neurological disease (10.2%).Complications occurred in 25%of cases. The case fatality rate was 1.9% (74/3888). Independent predictors of RSV infection were age <3 months old (OR: 2.8 [2.14-3.67], p < 0.01),clinical presentation of bronchiolitis (OR: 1.54 [1.32-1.79], p < 0.01), and hypoxemia at the time of admission (OR: 1.84 [1.42-2.37], p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: RSV infection displayed a seasonal pattern and was associated with infants younger than 3 months old with bronchiolitis and hypoxemia at the time of admission.Fil: Lucion, María Florencia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Juárez, María del Valle. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Viegas, Mariana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castellano, Verónica. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Romanin, Viviana Sandra. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Grobaporto, Marcela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Bakir, Julia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Mistchenko, Alicia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Gentile, Ángela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; Argentin

Cost of Bordetella pertussis illness in tertiary hospitals in Argentina

La Comisión Nacional de Inmunizaciones y el ProNaCEI (Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles) actualizaron la política de vacunación por Bordetella pertussis (BP) a partir del año 2009 con el objetivo de optimizar el control de esta enfermedad, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales. Para evaluar el impacto económico de esta nueva política de vacunación resulta necesario conocer inicialmente el costo que implica para el sistema de salud un niño internado o ambulatorio con infección por BP. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfl de costos en niños internados o tratados ambulatoriamente, con infección confrmada por laboratorio de BP en tres hospitales de la Argentina. Estudio prospectivo de costo de la enfermedad durante el período diciembre de 2010 a marzo de 2012. Resultados. El costo total para toda la cohorte fue de 1 170 663,32 pesos (236 497,64 dólares); los costos médicos directos, de 1 124 052,31 pesos (227 081,27 dólares); los costos indirectos y gastos de bolsillo, de 46611 pesos (9 416,36 dólares), lo que permite inferir un costo total promedio por paciente de 10 546,52 pesos (IC 95% 9009 a 13 840) (2130,60 dólares, IC 95% 1820 a 2795), costos médicos directos por paciente de 10 126,6 pesos (IC 95% 8607 a 13 171) (2045,77 dólares, IC 95%1738 a 2660) y costos indirectos más de bolsillo (viajes y extras) de 419,92 pesos (IC 95% 344,7 a 565,3), (84 dólares, IC 95% 69 a 115). Conclusión. El costo de un caso confrmado hospitalizado por BP es 10 546,52 pesos (IC 95% 9009 a 13 840) (2130,60 dólares, IC 95% 1820 a 2795). Los costos directos no médicos y costos indirectos constituyen el 4% del total, lo que corresponde a 419,91 pesos por familia (84 dólares, IC 95% 69 a 115), un 8% del salario promedio.Fil: Gentile, Angela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "ricardo Gutierrez"; ArgentinaFil: Salgueiro, Ana L.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "ricardo Gutierrez"; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Bournissen, Facundo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "r. Gutierrez". Servicio de Parasitología y Chagas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Romanin, Viviana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "ricardo Gutierrez"; ArgentinaFil: Bulgheroni, Sonia. Hospital Materno Infantil de San Isidro "Dr. Gianantonio"; ArgentinaFil: Gaiano, Alejandra. Hospital Materno Infantil de San Isidro "Dr. Gianantonio"; ArgentinaFil: Benegas, Liliana. Hospital de Niños "Víctor J. Vilela"; ArgentinaFil: Uboldi, Andrea. Hospital de Niños "Víctor J. Vilela"; ArgentinaFil: Giglio, Norberto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "ricardo Gutierrez"; Argentin

Caratterizzazione termodinamica della propagazione di una cricca tramite l'uso di una termo-camera. Thermodynamic Characterization of Crack Growth using Infrared Camera

The scope of the work is to perform a crack growth test according to ASTM E647 on a Compact Specimen and correlate energy production with the growth rateope

Field-effect induced superconductivity in surfaces of tetrahedrally coordinated semiconductors: the case of (111) hydrogenated silicon

We show the possibility of inducing a superconductive phase transition in tetrahedrally coordinated semiconductors via field-effect (FET) doping by taking as an example the hydrogenated (111) silicon surface. We perform density functional theory computations of the electronic and vibrational properties of the system in the proper FET geometry, by taking into account the applied electric field and the induced charge density. Using a simplified superconductive model at $q=\Gamma$ and the McMillan/Allen-Dynes formula, we get an estimate of the superconductive critical temperature. We observe that, by heavily doping with holes at $n_{dop}=6\cdot10^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$, we get an electron-phonon coupling constant of $\lambda_{Si}=0.98$ and a superconductive phase transition at $T_{\text{c}}\in[8.94;10.91]$ K, with $\mu^*\in[0.08;0.12]$