Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field

Magnetic storm influence becomes more and more interesting for people. In this article we describe measurable magnetic field data from different megalopolis regions and from the underground passenger transport on the Kyiv city example. There were five observation points evenly situated among the city, and one metro route with direct and reverse direction movement. Collected information shows general situation with magnetic noise in populous cities. Smartphones are very popular today so we have used one of them as a budget magnetometer in our research. 

Resistance to autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease in an APOE3 Christchurch homozygote: a case report.

We identified a PSEN1 (presenilin 1) mutation carrier from the world's largest autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease kindred, who did not develop mild cognitive impairment until her seventies, three decades after the expected age of clinical onset. The individual had two copies of the APOE3 Christchurch (R136S) mutation, unusually high brain amyloid levels and limited tau and neurodegenerative measurements. Our findings have implications for the role of APOE in the pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease

Spatial-temporal change of the geomagnetic field: environmental aspect

The geomagnetic field, along with other environmental factors, is a necessary component of life on the Earth. Currently, there are relevant ecological standards for the values of constant and variable fields. Taking them into account, it is possible to determine the conditions necessary for the normal functioning of biological objects in general and humans in particular. In a number of regulations, certain limit values for a constant magnetic field are introduced, as well as the maximum permissible time of a human being stay in such fields. In this regard, the article considers the spatiotemporal change in induction B on the Earth’s surface using the example of its main magnetic field according to the international model IGRF-13 for the time interval 1950—2020. In more detail for this time interval, the induction module B and its perturbation were analyzed for geomagnetically different regions that are, namely, the territories of Ukraine, of Yamal (Russia) and around the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. For the planet in whole, a significant decrease in the geomagnetic field is shown, against the background of which its sharp jumps are observed (in 1960—1965, 1980—1985 and in 2000—2005), and after 2005 to the present, a deceleration in the decrease of the geomagnetic field is observed. Against the background of a decrease in the geomagnetic field of the planet, areas with extreme changes both in the direction of increase (Ukraine, Yamal) and decrease (AV station) are distinguished. The spatiotemporal changes in the geomagnetic field detected on the Earth’s surface determine the structure and dynamics of its magnetosphere, which by-turn affects the nature of the interaction with it of solar wind substance and of cosmic radiation, as well as the flow altitudes of magnetospheric and ionospheric currents. According to the distribution of the geomagnetic field anomalies on the surface of the planet, as well as to their changes over the studied time interval, regions with different (as compared with proposed ecological norms) values of the constant magnetic field and its disturbances are distinguished. In particular, for the epoch of 2020, for the territory in the vicinity of the AV station, the induction vector module B is on average 15,000 nT less than its value for the territory of Ukraine and 25,000 nT — of Yamal. Significant changes in the geomagnetic field were determined: an increase of 1765 nT for Ukraine, 1418 nT for Yamal and a decrease of — 7081 nT in the vicinity of AV station. At the same time, the perturbation of the geomagnetic field of the territory of Ukraine is within its ecological norm, deviates from it in the direction of increase on the Yamal Peninsula, and near the AV station it will soon go beyond its limits in the direction of decrease, while maintaining modern field changes

Peceneaga-Camena Fault: Geomagnetic insights into active tectonic contact

Highly detailed, very accurate ground magnetic investigations were jointly conducted by Romanian and Ukrainian researchers on a segment of the Peceneaga-Camenas Fault (PCF) in order to reveal the potential of geomagnetic method for active faults investigating. The survey succeeded to outline the PCF track in the area covered by recent sediments, and provide insights on the fault structure and in-depth development. 2D numerical modeling has been employed for interpreting the obtained geomagnetic anomaly. Lateral variations in magnetization, as suggested by the model, reveal the complex geological architecture in the area, hidden by recent deposits. The zero magnetization outlined in the central part of the survey lines has been interpreted in geodynamic terms, as a breccias zone created along PCF track by its active dynamics

Динаміка геомагнітного поля в районі УАC «Академік Вернадський» за результатами спостережень на геодинамічному полігоні

Одним з найбільш важливих напрямів геолого-геофізичних досліджень в Антарктиці є вивчення глибинної будови регіону. Особливий інтерес становлять дослідження сучасної геодинаміки земної кори, оскільки до тектонічно активних розломів часто приурочені великі родовища нафти і газу та інші види корисних копалин. Оцінено динаміку геомагнітного поля для часового інтервалу 2008—2023 рр. і наведено результати розрахунку підмагнічуючого ефекту і значень складової δВа, яка може бути зумовлена сучасними геодинамічними процесами

Spatio-temporal disturbances of the Earth’s magnetic field along the Struve Geodetic Arc

In 1816-1855, astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve made the first topographic measurements along a 2822 km long segment of the meridian stretching from northern Norway (70°40′N) to southern Odesa Region (45°19′N) to determine the exact size and shape of the planet. This segment of the meridian is a good testing ground for studying the geomagnetic aspect of solar-terrestrial interactions, as both the main magnetic field of the Earth and the anomalous magnetic field at surface and ionospheric heights change significantly within its boundaries. The article presents the results of a study of the nature of the magnetic storm on May 10-13, 2024, depending on the module and anomalies of the geomagnetic field induction module along the Struve Geodesic Arc. To characterize the Earth's internal magnetic field, digital maps of the induction module and anomalies at heights of 5 and 100 km were developed, and to characterize the magnetic storm, the results of observations of variations in the northern, eastern, and vertical components of the geomagnetic field induction module in 7 magnetic observatories were used. For each observatory, we calculated the induction modulus of the internal magnetic field Bi, the modulus of the main magnetic field (core field) BIGRF, the amplitude and mean value of the geomagnetic field variation, as well as the variation of the parameter ΔD, which reflects the ratio of the anomaly of the geomagnetic field induction modulus to the BIGRF field. According to the results of statistical analysis, the dependence of the amplitude of the external geomagnetic field variations and their average values on the modulus of the main magnetic field of the Earth BIGRF was revealed (R2AõB/BIGPH = 0.96 and R2õB_average/BIGPH = 0.7, respectively). A slightly lower correlation dependence was observed for the Bx component of the geomagnetic field and BIGRF (R2Bx/BIGRF=0.89). The amplitude of variation of the spatio-temporal perturbation of the geomagnetic field δ(ΔD) is also characterized by a high correlation dependence on the BIGRF module (R2Aδ(ΔD)/BIGPH= 0.96) and naturally increases depending on the latitude of the observatory, from 273 nT at the SUA observatory to 2240 nT at the SOD observatory. The revealed regularity is confirmed by a stronger manifestation of the magnetic storm on May 10-13, 2024 and a shift of its maximum disturbances by 4 degrees to the south compared to the magnetic storm of November 29-31, 2003, during which the BIGRF field induction module for the northern part of the STRUVE GEODETIC ARC increased by 830÷930 nT. The connection between the maximum manifestation of the geomagnetic storm and regional magnetic anomalies on the Earth's surface and their superposition at an altitude of 100 km was revealed. The connection between the maximum manifestation of the geomagnetic storm and regional magnetic anomalies on the Earth's surface and their superposition at an altitude of 100 km is revealed. The maximum magnitude of the magnetic disturbance is recorded at the Pello station, which is located in the region of the maximum anomalous magnetic field (more than 90 nT at an altitude of 100 km), in contrast to the Mikkelvik station ‒ in the zone of the minimum geomagnetic field, which is partially confirmed by the variation of ΔB anomalies due to the magnetization of their sources by the variation of the external field. The most probable reason for the connection between the amplitude of external field variations and the modulus of the main magnetic field of the BIGRF and the anomalous magnetic field ΔB is their effect on the formation of ionospheric currents

Antidepressants for insomnia in adults

Background Insomnia disorder is a subjective condition of unsatisfactory sleep (e.g. sleep onset, maintenance, early waking, impairment of daytime functioning). Insomnia disorder impairs quality of life and is associated with an increased risk of physical and mental health problems including anxiety, depression, drug and alcohol abuse, and increased health service use. hypnotic medications (e.g. benzodiazepines and 'Z' drugs) are licensed for sleep promotion, but can induce tolerance and dependence, although many people remain on long-term treatment. Antidepressant use for insomnia is widespread, but none is licensed for insomnia and the evidence for their efficacy is unclear. This use of unlicensed medications may be driven by concern over longer-term use of hypnotics and the limited availability of psychological treatments. Objectives To assess the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of antidepressants for insomnia in adults. Search methods This review incorporated the results of searches to July 2015 conducted on electronic bibliographic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 2015, Issue 6), MEDLINE (1950 to 2015), Embase (1980 to 2015) and PsycINFO (1806 to 2015). We updated the searches to December 2017, but these results have not yet been incorporated into the review. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a primary diagnosis of insomnia and all participant types including people with comorbidities. Any antidepressant as monotherapy at any dose whether compared with placebo, other medications for insomnia (e.g. benzodiazepines and 'Z' drugs), a different antidepressant, waiting list control or treatment as usual. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and extracted data using a data extraction form. A third review author resolved disagreements on inclusion or data extraction. Main results The search identified 23 RCTs (2806 participants). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) compared with placebo: three studies (135 participants) compared SSRIs with placebo. Combining results was not possible. Two paroxetine studies showed significant improvements in subjective sleep measures at six (60 participants, P = 0.03) and 12 weeks (27 participants, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the fluoxetine study (low quality evidence). There were either no adverse events or they were not reported (very low quality evidence). Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) compared with placebo: six studies (812 participants) compared TCA with placebo; five used doxepin and one used trimipramine. We found no studies of amitriptyline. Four studies (518 participants) could be pooled, showing a moderate improvement in subjective sleep quality over placebo (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.56 to -0.21) (moderate quality evidence). Moderate quality evidence suggested that TCAs possibly improved sleep efficiency (mean difference (MD) 6.29 percentage points, 95% CI 3.17 to 9.41; 4 studies; 510 participants) and increased sleep time (MD 22.88 minutes, 95% CI 13.17 to 32.59; 4 studies; 510 participants). There may have been little or no impact on sleep latency (MD -4.27 minutes, 95% CI -9.01 to 0.48; 4 studies; 510 participants). There may have been little or no difference in adverse events between TCAs and placebo (risk ratio (RR) 1.02, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.21; 6 studies; 812 participants) (low quality evidence). 'Other' antidepressants with placebo: eight studies compared other antidepressants with placebo (one used mianserin and seven used trazodone). Three studies (370 participants) of trazodone could be pooled, indicating a moderate improvement in subjective sleep outcomes over placebo (SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.02). Two studies of trazodone measured polysomnography and found little or no difference in sleep efficiency (MD 1.38 percentage points, 95% CI -2.87 to 5.63; 169 participants) (low quality evidence). There was low quality evidence from two studies of more adverse effects with trazodone than placebo (i.e. morning grogginess, increased dry mouth and thirst). Authors' conclusions We identified relatively few, mostly small studies with short-term follow-up and design limitations. The effects of SSRIs compared with placebo are uncertain with too few studies to draw clear conclusions. There may be a small improvement in sleep quality with short-term use of low-dose doxepin and trazodone compared with placebo. The tolerability and safety of antidepressants for insomnia is uncertain due to limited reporting of adverse events. There was no evidence for amitriptyline (despite common use in clinical practice) or for long-term antidepressant use for insomnia. High-quality trials of antidepressants for insomnia are needed

Магнітометричний метод виявлення вибухонебезпечних предметів: можливості та перспективи

Одним із сучасних методів картографування територій, у тому числі забруднених вибухонебезпечними предметами (ВНП), є метод дистанційного магнітного знімання з використанням безпілотного літального апарата (БПЛА). Метод заснований на використанні сучасних магнітометрів і градієнтометрів, зокрема LEMI-026, які в поєднанні з БПЛА реєструють складові магнітного поля, що за результатами експериментальних досліджень на полігонах дає можливість ідентифікувати скупчення різноманітних металевих залишків, у тому числі вибухонебезпечних предметів

Calculation of the power and angular components of the geomagnetic field induction vector in the territory of Ukraine

The study calculates the geomagnetic field induction vector power and its angular components for the territory of Ukraine for the 2024.5 epoch. We used a digital map of the ∆Bа induction module anomalies and B0, the Earth’s normal magnetic field. To calculate the components of the ∆Bа (the anomalous magnetic field), a 3D magnetic model of the territory of Ukraine was developed. It reflects regional and large local sources of the Earth’s crust. The values of the Earth’s normal magnetic field’s components, B0x (northern), B0y (eastern), and B0z (vertical), were calculated using the analytical model of the Earth’s main magnetic field (IGRF-14). The power Bx, By, and Bz components of the geomagnetic field vector were obtained as the sum of their anomalous and normal values at points along a 10×10 km grid, and the angular, declination D and inclination I, were calculated