Rapeseed: a crop with history in the Fauba

El cultivo de colza (Brassica napus L.) tiene una larga tradición en países de Asia y norte de Europa, siendo China, India, Alemania y Francia los principales países productores. En América, tuvo gran desarrollo particularmente en Canadá, siendo el principal exportador mundial de colza y los creadores del nombre canola (Canadian oillowacid). En la Argentina el cultivo se conoce desde antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y con el transcurso de los años ha ido creciendo como cultivo invernal alternativo en diferentes áreas de la Región Pampeana. En la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FAUBA), su estudio se inició en la década del ?70 en las Cátedras Cultivos Industriales y Climatología Agrícola, donde se realizaron estudios pioneros de zonificación, aptitud climática en Argentina y ecofisiología del cultivo. En esta misma facultad, y con la incorporación de docentes-investigadores de las Cátedras de Cerealicultura, Producción Vegetal, Botánica Agrícola, Fisiología Vegetal, Sanidad Vegetal y Fertilidad y Fertilizantes, entre otros, se continúan y profundizan estudios sobre ecofisiología y manejo del cultivo, abordando aspectos novedosos relacionados con la generación del rendimiento, la calidad de grano y los beneficios del cultivo para la intensificación agrícola.Rapeseed crop (Brassica napus L.) has a long tradition in countries of Asia and northern Europe, being China, India, Germany and France the main producers. In America, rapeseed had great development particularly in Canada, being the world’s leading exporter and the creators of the name canola (Canadian oil low acid). In Argentina, the crop is known since before the World War II and over the years has grown as an alternative winter crop in different areas of the Pampean Region. In the Faculty of Agronomy, at the University of Buenos Aires (FAUBA), rapeseed was studied since the early 70s for the Industrial Crops and Agricultural Climatology Chairs. Who followed pioneered studies of adaptability and climatic aptitude in Argentina and studies on crop ecophysiology. Also, the incorporation of researcher from Cereals Crop , Vegetal Production, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology, Vegetable Health and Soil Fertility and Fertilizers, among others, continued and deepened studies on ecophysiology and crop management, boarding novel aspects related to grain yield generation, grain quality and crop benefits for agricultural intensification.Fil: Gomez, Nora Valentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Miralles, Daniel Julio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mantese, Anita Ida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Menendez, Yesica Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Rondanini, Deborah Paola. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Characterization of the phenology, oil content and quality in olive (Olea europaea L.) from an old orchard in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires

La producción de olivo (Olea europaea L.) ocupa tradicionalmente grandes áreas en la cuenca mediterránea,donde se lo cultiva desde tiempos remotos. Sin embargo, existen otras áreas no tradicionales alrededor delmundo, con diferentes condiciones edafo-climáticas que pueden modificar el comportamiento de variedadesde olivo para mesa y aceite. El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar el fin de la floración, el cuaje, la dinámicade crecimiento de frutos y la acumulación y calidad de aceite, de árboles de olivo de 70 años cultivadosen el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires creciendo en condiciones de cultivo tradicional (100 pl/ha) y ensecano durante el ciclo productivo 2014/2015. Los árboles se agruparon, según los registros de plantacióny características morfológicas, en 4 grupos diferentes: Frantoio (F), Leccino (L), Q (Arbequina) y A (materialen colección). Los grupos mostraron diferencias en la fecha de final de floración (5 días entre el grupo A yQ que son el primero y último, respectivamente, en alcanzar dicho estado), mientras que el 40-50% de lasinflorescencias cuajaron en todos ellos. El peso seco final del fruto no mostró diferencias entre grupos aunquela tasa de crecimiento de fruto fue significativamente mayor en Q. El contenido final de aceite en el fruto fuemayor en el grupo F, asociado a una mayor tasa de acumulación de aceite. El grupo L tuvo la menor tasa deacumulación de aceite. La proporción de ácidos grasos varió entre grupos. Q presentó el mayor contenidode ácido oleico y el menor de linoleico, pero los cuatro grupos lograron valores dentro de los límites internacionales para aceite de oliva extra virgen. Los resultados indican que es posible obtener aceite de adecuadacalidad de un monte añoso en una zona no tradicional para el cultivo de esta especie.Olive production (Olea europaea L.) traditionally occupies large areas in the Mediterranean basin, where it has been cultivated since ancient times. However, there are other non-traditional areas around the world, with different edapho-climatic conditions that can modify the behavior of olive varieties. The aim of this work was to characterize the end of flowering, the fruit set, the dynamics of fruit growth and the accumulation and quality of oil, olive trees of 70 years grown in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires growing in a traditional growe (100 pl / ha) and rainfed during the productive cycle 2014/2015. The trees were grouped, according to the records of planting and morphological characteristics, into 4 different groups named: F, L, Q and A. The groups showed differences in the end date of flowering (5 days between group A and Q which are the first and last, respectively, to reach this state), while 40-50% of the inflorescences set in all of them. The final dry weight of the fruit showed no differences between groups although the fruit growth rate was significantly higher in Q. The final oil content in the fruit was higher in group F, associated with a higher rate of oil accumulation. Group L had the lowest rate of oil accumulation. The proportion of fatty acids varied between groups. Q presented the highest oleic acid content and the lowest linoleic content, but the four groups achieved values within the international limits for extra virgin olive oil. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain oil of adequate quality from an old orchard in a non-traditional zone for the cultivation of this species.Fil: Hamze, Leila Mariam. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rondanini, Deborah Paola. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Producción Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García Inza, Georgina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Windauer, Liliana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentin

Acelerando el secado de girasol mediante desecantes químicos

El girasol (Helianthus annuus) es el segundo cultivo oleaginoso en importancia en el país, después de la soja. El retraso en la cosecha de girasol produce pérdidas económicas, tanto de productividad como de calidad. La madurez fisiológica ocurre con 38% de humedad de los granos. La consiguiente pérdida de verdor y humedad del cultivo, permite alcanzar la madurez adecuada para la cosecha.Fil: Rondanini, Deborah Paola. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, F. A.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, M.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Marco, L.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Mazo, C.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Renteria, S.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Szemruch, C.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; Argentin

El desafío de publicar más y mejor

La motivación para escribir esta reseña nace con la creación del Instituto de Investigación sobre Producción Agropecuaria, Ambiente y Salud (IIPAAS) en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la UNLZ, hecho que aconteció el 25 de Agosto del 2015 por Resolución CAA/146. El IIPAAS se proyectó como un instituto interdisciplinario que promueve las interacciones entre los grupos de investigación vinculados a nuestra Facultad. La primera meta institucional fue su postulación como Centro Asociado a la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas bonaerense (CIC) como estrategia para fortalecer las actividades de investigación y vincularse de manera directa con un organismo gubernamental de ciencia y técnica. En 2016, el IIPAAS calificó dentro de los 29 nuevos Centros Asociados a la CIC, junto a dos Institutos de la Facultad de Ingeniería, UNLZ (Ingeniería Industrial y Tecnología y Educación).Durante este proceso, se generó un espacio de recopilación de información, reflexión e introspección acerca del conocimiento científico y tecnológico generado en nuestra institución, las formas de difusión de dicho conocimiento a la sociedad, y la valoración que el sistema científico y tecnológico le otorga a las publicaciones como indicador de productividad. Como resultado del análisis, se identificaron fortalezas, oportunidades de mejora y áreas de vacancia que el IIPAAS y la FCA-UNLZ están llamados a atender. Esperamos que esta reseña sirva como línea de base y punto de partida para futuros análisis multidimensionales, más completos y exhaustivos, acerca del desafío de publicar más y mejor.Fil: Rondanini, Deborah Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Cesar Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Greizerstein, Eduardo Jose. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Impacto del ambiente materno y la cosecha anticipada en la calidad de semillas de girasol

La calidad de semillas de girasol en Argentina puede optimizarse mediante la correcta elección de prácticas de manejo, como el adelanto en las fechas de siembra y/o la cosecha anticipada. El avance de las investigaciones en ese sentido, contribuirá a aumentar las capacidades técnicas del sector productivo de semillas híbridas de girasol, promoviendo su desarrollo competitivo.Fil: Szemruch, C.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Rondanini, Deborah Paola. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Renteria, S.. PANNAR Seeds; ArgentinaFil: Ferrari, L.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Ángel. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; Argentin

Coloritura moderna e coloranti naturali. Uno studio sui possibili sviluppi della tecnica per soddisfare le esigenze sostenibili del futuro

LAUREA MAGISTRALEIl seguente trattato vuole verificare come l’evoluzione delle tecniche relative alla coloritura nel corso dei secoli sia connessa all’affermazione di matrici disciplinari, all’interno delle quali è possibile cristallizzare una visione globalmente condivisa delle società ad esse corrispondenti. Lo scopo è quello di dimostrare che, nell’attualità, l’incremento delle pratiche sostenibili relativamente a processi di tintura e stampa risulta di grande interesse per il mercato, nell’ambito della gestione dell’innovazione per l’industria tessile. Per dare prova di ciò, lo studio sarà strutturato a partire da una suddivisione in periodi storici definiti, la cui analisi ha permesso di identificare, nell’ambito del colore e della tintura, tre stadi principali. Per identificarli, ci si avvarrà del termine scientifico paradigma, volto a descrivere i modelli prevalenti e condivisi che definiscono le tradizioni culturali e tecnologiche di ogni periodo considerato. In questo modo, si prenderà in esame come prima epoca quella determinata dal Paradigma Naturale, compresa tra l’era delle civiltà del bacino del mediterraneo e la Rivoluzione Industriale. Dalla descrizione dell’origine e dello sviluppo delle tecniche all’analisi dell’importanza e dei significati attribuiti ad esse, verrà esplorata tale età, quando il conseguimento del colore da parte dell’uomo era un evento raro e imprevedibile, strutturato da valori netti e gerarchici, legati al suo significato simbolico ed economico e al suo aspetto qualitativo, rappresentato dalla durata. Il successivo periodo storico considerato prende il nome di Paradigma Artificiale ed è quello incluso tra la Rivoluzione Industriale agli anni Novanta del Novecento, interessato dall’introduzione e dall’adozione di prodotti e tecniche standardizzate per la tintura e la riproduzione di stampe che hanno comportato la perdita del valore del colore come significante in favore della sua accessibilità, con il passaggio alla ricerca dell’aspetto quantitativo, dato dall’assortimento. Alla fine di questo stadio verrà inoltre descritta l’avvenuta istituzione di nuove dimensioni progettuali, volte a sviluppare una rinnovata sensibilità nei confronti dell’aspetto qualitativo sensoriale del Design. L’ultima età identificata è quella che interessa la rinnovata tendenza verso il naturale che ha visto uno sviluppo a livello industriale a partire dagli anni Novanta del Novecento, caratterizzata dalla crescente e ormai consolidata consapevolezza dei consumatori, per la quale è necessario restituire alla produzione del colore la qualità di trasduttore di significati, in particolare di principi etici dal punto di vista ambientale e sociale, prendendo così il nome di Paradigma Sostenibile. Una volta comprovato l’interesse del mercato al tema, anche attraverso l’analisi di casi studio, è stato svolto un esperimento volto a individuare in maniera sperimentale i migliori processi, prodotti e formule finalizzati alla produzione di stampe naturali su tessuti di diversa composizione, confrontandoli con i loro omologhi sintetici tradizionali in sulla base di verifiche scientifiche.The following treatise aims to verify how the evolution of colouring techniques over the centuries is connected to the affirmation of disciplinary matrices, within which it is possible to crystallize a globally shared vision of the societies corresponding to them. The aim is to demonstrate that, at the moment, the increase in sustainable practices with regard to dyeing and printing processes has great relevance to the market, in the context of innovation management for the textile industry. To prove this, the study will be structured on the basis of a subdivision into defined historical periods, whose analysis has allowed to identify, in the field of color and dyeing, three main stages. To define them, the scientific term paradigm will be used to describe the prevailing and shared models that define the cultural and technological traditions of each period considered. In this way, the period determined by the Natural Paradigm, between the era of the civilizations of the Mediterranean basin and the Industrial Revolution, will be considered as the first period. From the description of the origin and development of the techniques to the analysis of the importance and the meanings attributed to them, this age will be explored, when the achievement of colour by man was a rare and unpredictable event, structured by clear and hierarchical values, linked to its symbolic and economic meaning and to its qualitative aspect, represented by its duration. The following historical period considered is called Artificial Paradigm and it is the one included between the Industrial Revolution in the nineties, affected by the introduction and adoption of products and standardized techniques for dyeing and reproduction of prints that have led to the loss of the value of color as a significant in favor of its accessibility, with the transition to the search for the quantitative aspect, given by the assortment. At the end of this stage, the establishment of new design dimensions will also be described, aimed at developing a renewed sensitivity to the sensory quality aspect of Design. The last age identified is the one that affects the renewed trend towards the natural that has seen a development at industrial level since the nineties of the twentieth century, characterized by the growing and now consolidated awareness of consumers, for which it is necessary to return to the production of color the quality of transducer of meanings, in particular of ethical principles from the environmental and social point of view, thus taking the name of Sustainable Paradigm. Once the market's interest in the subject had been demonstrated, also through the analysis of case studies, an experiment was carried out aimed at experimentally identifying the best processes, products and formulas aimed at the production of natural prints on fabrics of different compositions, comparing them with their traditional synthetic counterparts on the basis of scientific verification

Impact assessment of mechanical harvest on fruit physiology and consequences on oil physicochemical and sensorial quality from ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ and ‘Manzanilla Cacereña’ super-high density hedgerows. A preliminary study

BACKGROUND Super-intensive cultivation facilitates olive mechanized harvesting, allowing substantial savings in the production cost of virgin olive oil (VOO). However, the number of varieties adapted to this type of cultivation is small. This study explores the impact that harvesting with a grape straddle harvester of ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ and ‘Manzanilla Cacereña’ olives grown in super-intensive cultivation has on the physiology of the fruit and the quality of the oil subsequently extracted. RESULTS For both cultivars, fruits harvested mechanically showed higher respiration and ethylene production and lower firmness than fruits harvested by hand. Their oils exhibited lower phenol contents, lower oxidative stability and lower presence of positive sensory attributes. However, in these oils the values of parameters used to assess the level of quality of VOO remained within the limits required for the best commercial category. CONCLUSION Mechanical harvesting of ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ and ‘Manzanilla Cacereña’ super-high-density hedgerows induced physiological alterations in the fruits and a reduction in the contents of natural antioxidants and flavour components in the oils, though it did not result in a loss of the ‘Extra’ level of quality. © 2014 Society of Chemical IndustryFEDER AGL2011-30371-C02-0

Hybrid sunflower seed yield, composition and deterioration after chemical desiccation

The impact of chemical desiccation on yield showed contrasting results depending on seed moisture content at the time of application. Its effects on seed deterioration are still unknown and could be modified by seed composition. Objectives were to evaluate the impact of chemical desiccation on: i) hybrid sunflower seed yield and composition at harvest time, ii) seed deterioration during long-term storage and iii) the relationship between seeds deterioration and oil or oleic acid content. Six hybrids including low, mid and high oleic were evaluated in three experiments. Two treatments were applied on female lines at 27-30% seed moisture: (i) spraying with Paraquat and (ii) detaching heads with a knife. Control remained in the field until 10% seed moisture. Seeds were stored during 19 months under room and cold chamber conditions. Yield, number of seeds and hybrid seed composition (thousand seed weight, kernel percentage, oil and acid oleic content) were determined. Seed deterioration during storage was analyzed by germination and vigour. Paraquat advanced harvest by 35-43 days, without affecting yield or seed composition. During storage the germination of Paraquat treatments remained above that of control, without differences between storage conditions, while vigour remained above control only in cold chamber, for low oleic hybrids. Associations between deterioration (germination and vigour) and oil or oleic acid content, were not significant. Desiccation with Paraquat allows advanced harvest without yield losses or modifications in seed composition. The deterioration of desiccated seeds was lower and independent from oil and oleic acid content.EEA Hilario AscasubiFil: Szemruch, C.L. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Universidad de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación sobre Producción Agropecuaria, Ambiente y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina. Universidad de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación sobre Producción Agropecuaria, Ambiente y Salud; ArgentinaFil: García, F.A. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, M. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Renteria, S.J. Advanta Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Rondanini, D.P. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación sobre Producción Agropecuaria, Ambiente y Salud; Argentin

Screen printing on cotton fabric using chitosan and alginate as natural thickening agent

[EN] In the process of making a print on a fabric, several steps that require many materials and substances are involved. When the purpose is to create a pattern through the use of natural products, it is necessary to pay close attention, not only to the origin and method of extraction of the pigments that you intend to use, but also, for example, to the thickeners to be added to the paste for increasing the viscosity of the pastes and molding, to the stains to be applied for better color rendering on the fabric and to the final fixatives, designed to make the product durable. Thickeners are a fundamental step in the success of printing on fabrics. These agents are generally compounds with a high molecular weight whose task is to transfer to the fabrics the dyes and chemical compounds necessary to create the printing pattern, thanks to the plastic action that they give to the compound used. As far as the environmental consequences of the use of thickeners are concerned, starting from the analysis of the wastewater of the processes, it has emerged that the use of biodegradable additives and guar rubber on the fabrics is preferable, since they are less harmful to the ecosystem. In this work different natural compounds, chitosan and alginate, are used in order to increase the viscosity of the paste prepared for printing. Color measurement of each printed cotton simple was analized and it could be appreciated that alginate paste printed on pretreated fabric with chitosan reached good results.Rondanini, S.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E. (2020). Screen printing on cotton fabric using chitosan and alginate as natural thickening agent. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork. 21(2):77-80. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165395S778021

1DLT: Rapid Deployment of Secure and Efficient EVM-Based Blockchains

Limited scalability and transaction costs are some of the critical issues that hamper a wider adoption of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). That is particularly true for the Ethereum [Wood, 2014] blockchain, which, so far, has been the ecosystem with the highest adoption rate. Several solutions have been attempted in the last few years, most of which adopt the approach to offload transactions from the blockchain mainnet, a.k.a. Level 1 (L1), to a separate network. Such solutions are collectively known as Level 2 (L2) systems. While improving scalability, the adoption of L2 introduces additional drawbacks: users have to trust that the L2 system has correctly performed transactions or, conversely, high computational power is required to prove transactions’ correctness. In addition, significant technical knowledge is needed to set up and manage such an L2 system. To tackle such limitations, we propose 1DLT: a novel system that enables rapid deployment of an Ethereum Virtual Machine based (EVM-based) blockchain that overcomes those drawbacks