PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS KARBON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN ARANG KAYU DALAM MENURUNKAN TINGKAT KEKERUHAN PADA PROSES FILTRASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU

Pengolahan limbah cair merupakan upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu bentuk pencemaran lingkungan adalah tingginya tingkat kekeruhan, khususnya limbah cair industri tahu. Sesuai dengan PP No. 20 tahun 1990 dan PERMENKES RI No. 416 tahun 1990 nilai maksimal untuk tingkat kekeruhan adalah 25 NTU (500 mg/L). Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah cair antara lain dengan filtrasi menggunakan karbon aktif. Hasil pemeriksaan tingkat kekeruhan limbah cair industri tahu adalah sebesar 518,5 mg/L. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas karbon aktif tempurung kelapa dan karbon aktif kayu dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan pada proses filtrasi pengolahan limbah cair industri tahu. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen, dengan populasi penelitian, seluruh limbah cair yang dihasilkan dalam seluruh proses produksi. Sampel penelitian , 30 L limbah cair industri tahu yang diambil di outlet dengan metode grab sampling. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas karbon aktif kayu dan tempurung kelapa dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan limbah cair industri tahu maka digunakan uji statistik one way anova dan uji Least Significant Difference. Tingkat kekeruhan sampel yang difiltrasi dengan karbon aktif tempurung kelapa turun menjadi rata-rata 76,4mg/L, sedang sampel yang difiltrasi dengan karbon aktif kayu dan tempurung kelapa turun menjadi 42,07 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik didapat F sebesar 20649,49 dengan derajat kebebasan 3 dan 20, diperoleh signifikasi 0,001. Nilai ini lebih kecil dari alfa = 0,05 berarti ada perbedaan efektifitas karbon aktif tempurung kelapa dan karbon aktif kayu serta campuran karbon aktif kayu dan tempurung kelapa dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan limbah cair industri tahu. Hasil uji LSD dengan membandingkan berbagai kelompok perlakuan didapatkan nilai signifikasi 0,001 yang berarti bahwa semua kelompok perlakuan efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan limbah cair industri tahu. Namun berdasarkan analisis biaya ekonomi didapatkan bahwa karbon aktif kayu paling baik untuk digunakan. Kata Kunci: Karbon aktif kayu, karbon aktif tempurung kelapa, tingkat kekeruhan,limbah cair industri tahu THE DIFFERENCE OF EFFECTIVITY BETWEEN COCONUT SHELL ACTIVE CARBON IN REDUCING TURBIDITY OF WASTE WATER FILTRATION PROCESS IN INDUSTRY Waste water treatmen is an effort to prevent environmental polution. One of environmental polution is the higher of turbidity rate caused by soyabeen industry. According to PP number 20, 1990 and PERMENKES 416, 1990 the maximum value for turbidity rate is 25 NTU (500 mg/L). Therefore it is necessary to process waste water, one of the process is active carbon filtration. According to this research to determine the difference of effectivity between coconut shell active carbon and wood carbon in reducing turbidity of waste water filtration process in tofu industry. Research design was the randomized control group pretest-postest. The population of this research were the tofu industry waste water and using grab sampling method, sample of this research is 30 L of soyabeen waste water that taken from outlet. the data was analyzed by SPSS 10,0 for windows with the one way anova test and least significant difference test to determine the difference of effectivity between coconut shell active carbon and wood carbon in reducing turbidity of waste water filtration process in tofu industry. The turbidity rate of tofu waste water is filtered with coconut shell active carbon decrease to 76,4 mg/L, and sample is filtered with wood active carbon decrease to 121,7 mg/L, and sample is filtered with the mixed of wood active carbon and coconut shell decrease to 42,07 mg/L. The result of statistic test, the F ratio is 20649,49 and of value are 3 and 20, with the significant value is 0,001. From that result, there were significant different between wood active carbon and coconut shell active carbon to decrease turbidity rate at the filtration process in waste water treatment of soyabeen industrial. The result of Least Significant Difference test, the significant value is 0,001. and that means all the treatment groups are effective to reducing turbidity rate of tofu industry waste water. But according to Economic cost analyze, we found that wood active carbon is better than other treatment. Keyword : Wood active carbon, Coconut shell active carbon, Turbidity rate, tofu industry waste wate

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Energy loss through optically thin radiative cooling plays an important part in the evolution of astrophysical gas dynamics and should therefore be considered a necessary element in any numerical simulation. Although the addition of this physical process to the equations of hydrodynamics is straightforward, it does create numerical challenges that have to be overcome in order to ensure the physical correctness of the simulation. First, the cooling has to be treated (semi-)implicitly, owing to the discrepancies between the cooling timescale and the typical timesteps of the simulation. Secondly, because of its dependence on a tabulated cooling curve, the introduction of radiative cooling creates the necessity for an interpolation scheme. In particular, we will argue that the addition of radiative cooling to a numerical simulation creates the need for extremely high resolution, which can only be fully met through the use of adaptive mesh refinement.Comment: 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Computers & Fluid