La seguridad social entre la población envejecida del Estado de México: alcances y limitaciones de las políticas públicas

Ante el envejecimiento de la población los viejos se vuelven sujetos de estudio, ya que la falta de atención y creación de políticas públicas adecuadas dirigidas a este grupo etario puede ocasionar en un futuro problemas sociales, culturales, económicos, etc., que tenemos que prever desde ahora. En este sentido, resulta preponderante observar si las políticas públicas que conciernen a la población envejecida en relación a la seguridad social en el Estado de México están cubriendo las necesidades de la población de 60 años o más y cuáles son los programas que contribuyen a la estabilidad social y benefician su atención médica. El artículo pretende mostrar y analizar las condiciones actuales de este grupo poblacional respecto a la seguridad social (a partir de la dere - chohabiencia a una institución de salud y la recepción de pensiones), así como focalizar quiénes la tienen, en qué condiciones y cuáles son las necesidades más importantes que la población reclama cubrir.Ante el envejecimiento de la población los viejos se vuelven sujetos de estudio, ya que la falta de atención y creación de políticas públicas adecuadas dirigidas a este grupo etario puede ocasionar en un futuro problemas sociales, culturales, económicos, etc., que tenemos que prever desde ahora. En este sentido, resulta preponderante observar si las políticas públicas que conciernen a la población envejecida en relación a la seguridad social en el Estado de México están cubriendo las necesidades de la población de 60 años o más y cuáles son los programas que contribuyen a la estabilidad social y benefician su atención médica. El artículo pretende mostrar y analizar las condiciones actuales de este grupo poblacional respecto a la seguridad social (a partir de la dere - chohabiencia a una institución de salud y la recepción de pensiones), así como focalizar quiénes la tienen, en qué condiciones y cuáles son las necesidades más importantes que la población reclama cubrir

DataM – Biomass estimates (v3): a new database to quantify biomass availability in the European Union

In 2012, the Communication of the European Commission "Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe" (COM(2012)60) has put the development of the Bioeconomy at the forefront, as a way of reconciling economic growth and the green economy. But current official statistics fall short in providing relevant data to document this new concept. The establishment of the bioeconomy observatory (BISO) aims at filling this gap, compiling qualitative and quantitative data of relevance for policy makers. Considering that biomass is the raw material of the bioeconomy, JRC-IPTS together with the Nova- Institute has elaborated in the BISO framework a new database that quantifies the production and residues of biomass: DataM – Biomass estimates. Compared to existing databases like Eurostat-MFA (env_ac_mfa) and SERI Global material flows, this new database presents a higher level of disaggregation at the geographical and commodity level. Moreover, it allows gathering data either into fresh or dry matter. This database is stored in DataM, a JRC data management tool, and is accessible via two applications: the full version in datamintracomm for all European commission staff, and a public light version online datamweb. Apart from offering a quantification of crop biomass and residues at European level, these two applications also allows browsing data at member state and commodity level. A quantification of the European trade and biomass uses in biomass equivalent is foreseen in next versions, together with the integration of woody and aquatic product.JRC.J.4-Agriculture and Life Sciences in the Econom

Vertical project : designing fruit agroforestry systems for a renewed horticulture

Although it's addressing multiple issues for modern farming, agroforestry mixing fruit trees and annual crops (mainly vegetables) has not been so well documented under temperate climate. One expected amenity of agroforestry is to increase biodiversity and natural pest regulation within the plot. While fruit trees are among the crops that rely most on plant protection products, we made the hypothesis that introduction of annual crops in the perennial system can lead to effective biocontrol and to input reduction, while developing other synergies between crops (shadow beneficial effects, water limitation, ….) or social amenities. On two locations (Durette/TAB) in southern France, with different characteristics (crop rotation, marketing, surface...), the partners of a 6-years funded project called Vertical, designed in 2012 and 2013 innovative cropping systems addressing those specific constraints, in order to optimize their global performance. These systems have been implemented in 2013 and 2014. Sustainability indicators have been discussed and selected to (i) monitor and (ii) to assess these systems. An ex ante assessment tool has been developed under a participatory approach, to stimulate the co-design of new performant plots. This tool will shortly be adapted to ex-post assessment, so that advisors but also farmers dealing with fruit agroforestry systems can identify their main bottlenecks and assets. A link to the national bottom-up network of fruit agroforestry systems (called Smart) will be achieved this way

Vertical project : designing fruit agroforestry systems for a renewed horticulture

Although it's addressing multiple issues for modern farming, agroforestry mixing fruit trees and annual crops (mainly vegetables) has not been so well documented under temperate climate. One expected amenity of agroforestry is to increase biodiversity and natural pest regulation within the plot. While fruit trees are among the crops that rely most on plant protection products, we made the hypothesis that introduction of annual crops in the perennial system can lead to effective biocontrol and to input reduction, while developing other synergies between crops (shadow beneficial effects, water limitation, ….) or social amenities. On two locations (Durette/TAB) in southern France, with different characteristics (crop rotation, marketing, surface...), the partners of a 6-years funded project called Vertical, designed in 2012 and 2013 innovative cropping systems addressing those specific constraints, in order to optimize their global performance. These systems have been implemented in 2013 and 2014. Sustainability indicators have been discussed and selected to (i) monitor and (ii) to assess these systems. An ex ante assessment tool has been developed under a participatory approach, to stimulate the co-design of new performant plots. This tool will shortly be adapted to ex-post assessment, so that advisors but also farmers dealing with fruit agroforestry systems can identify their main bottlenecks and assets. A link to the national bottom-up network of fruit agroforestry systems (called Smart) will be achieved this way

Biomass flows in the European Union The Sankey biomass diagram – towards a cross-set integration of biomass

The Sankey biomass diagram is a representation of harmonised data from the various Joint Research Centre (JRC) units contributing to the BIOMASS project. It represents the flows of biomass for each sector of the bioeconomy, from supply to uses including trade. This diagram enables deeper analysis and comparison of the different countries and sectors across a defined time series. Annex 6 provides illustrations for the 28 EU Member States and the EU-28 aggregation. Multiple data sources have been used to quantify biomass for each category and Member State. All relevant data from the different sources have been integrated into a single database. The Sankey biomass diagram represents the categories and flows of this database. The diagram is hosted in the JRC DataM Portal, in the Bioeconomy visualization area . It can be accessed directly in the following link: https://datam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/datam/mashup/BIOMASS_FLOWS/index.html# As a pioneer work, the diagram suffers from existing data gaps that hampered the complete estimation of the biomass. Due to the conversions and transformations performed on the original data to enable categorization and comparison across sectors, data quality checks are also difficult to perform in the absence of other data of reference with which to compare our numbers. The current version of the diagram only represents the dry matter content of biomass, not the economic, nutritional or other values of the bioeconomy. Further research will be done in the future to include these aspects in the diagram so a broader view of the bioeconomy can be presented. In this document, we will explain where the data used for the diagram was sourced, as well as the main data gaps and challenges encountered. We will also briefly discuss the main features and functionalities of the Sankey biomass diagram. Finally, well will present some insights based on the represented data and potential future research opportunities.JRC.D.4 - Economics of Agricultur

Agrimonde may 2008 : Why a Cirad-Inra foresight study on world food and agricultural systems in 2050?

Recent food riots brought home the crucial importance of food and agriculture in dramatic fashion. They are one of this century¿s major concerns. Beyond the current crisis, world agriculture must address three challenges: demographic growth - we will be 9 billion people in 2050 - and food security in both quantity and quality; protection of the environment and natural resources; and the growing scarcity of fossil fuels. In this perspective, we decided in early 2006 to take the initiative of developing a capacity to analyse the possible balances of global food and agricultural systems in 2050. This document summarises some of the results of this "Agrimonde" foresight study. We have a twofold objective: to provide our two institutions, and more generally our country, with a basis for discussion of global food and agriculture issues, and to identify the top priority research questions submitted to CIRAD and INRA and to international agricultural research as a whole. The challenge of food forces us to understand and plan ahead, and to carry out research through debated priorities. (Résumé d'auteur

Food Security by 2050 : Insights from the Agrimonde Project

The brief describes the methodology and conclusions of a foresight project called Agrimonde. Between 2006 and 2008, this project gathered a panel of French experts who built two contrasting scenarios of the world's food and agricultural systems by 2050: Agrimonde GO, a business-as-usual scenario used as a reference point, and Agrimonde 1, a rupture scenario exploring a world that has been able to implement sustainable food production and consumption

Género y Migración. Estrategias de mujeres rurales del Estado de México en la realización de su proyecto migratorio a Estados Unidos

Las diversas líneas de investigación en torno de la relación migración internacional- género, además de documentar las formas en que los diferentes actores participan en las migraciones, también han dado cuenta de la diversidad de circunstancias en las que se realizan los desplazamientos de la población, en el caso de las mujeres migrantes hay interés por indagar en torno a los factores que las inducen a emigrar, entre ellos, la discriminación sistemática a la que se enfrentan en el mercado laboral, en la atención a la salud, en el control de bienes o por prejuicios sociales contra mujeres en condición de madres solteras o divorciadas; y por vivir en situación de violencia intrafamiliar.Para principios de la década de 2000 algunos estudios empezaron a sugerir que la proporción de las mujeres estaba aumentando considerablemente en relación con todos los migrantes (Zlotnik, 2003; Cornelius y Marcelli, 2000; Cerrutti y Massey, 2001). Sin embargo, seguía sin aceptarse que “el género es una de las principales relaciones sociales sobre las que se funda y configuran los patrones migratorios” (Hondagneu-Sotero, 2007: 423). En 2013, de los 231.5 millones de personas migrantes en el mundo, 48 por ciento eran mujeres. En el mismo año, las migrantes mexicanas en Estados Unidos representaron 47.5 por ciento del total de migrantes de México a Estados Unidos (Conapo, 2014). Afortunadamente, el número de estudios sobre migraciones internacionales donde se toma en consideración que las relaciones de género estructuran la mayor parte de las sociedades humanas ha crecido (OIM, 2014; Sánchez y Serra, 2013; Tuñón y Rojas, 2013; Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2007; Herrera y Torres, 2005). Actualmente existe consenso en que el género es factor determinante de las relaciones sociales con que se articulan las migraciones y las instituciones sociales (familia, mercados de trabajo, escuela, etc.) tanto en el lugar de origen como en el lugar de destino de las y los migrantes