La lucha contra el terrorismo y el fomento de la cooperación en el norte de África: la trascendencia potencial de la Estrategia de la ONU contra el terrorismo global

La estrategia de la ONU en el norte de África puede contribuir a recalibrar las iniciativas contra el terrorismo adoptadas en la región, así como a reforzar la cooperación entre las distintas partes interesadas regionales y entre la región y sus socios externos, como la UE, la ONU y EEUU. A pesar de los considerables esfuerzos realizados por los gobiernos del norte de África, muchos de ellos anteriores a los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001, el terrorismo continúa representando una grave amenaza. El rápido crecimiento del terrorismo transnacional interconectado y de otras redes criminales que operan entre el norte de África y el Sahel podría ser una de las causas más inmediatas de la inestabilidad de la región. Después de describir brevemente las amenazas terroristas y las vulnerabilidades que presenta el norte de África, así como las capacidades con que cuenta la región para hacer frente a dicha amenaza y los obstáculos asociados a la cooperación, el presente ARI analizará la transcendencia potencial de la Estrategia de la ONU para la región. Entre otras cosas, explicará cómo este instrumento de la ONU podría contribuir a recalibrar las iniciativas contra el terrorismo en el norte de África y a reforzar la cooperación entre las distintas partes interesadas regionales y entre la región y sus socios externos, como la UE, la ONU y EEUU

Resolving Holocaust Claims At The End Of The 20th Century: The United States Government\u27s Role

I will focus on the role the U.S. Government has played in the past few years in the resolution of a number of Holocaust-related dispute

Predictors of highly prevalent brain ischemia in intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors, and temporal profile of concurrent ischemic lesions in patients with acute primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Patients were recruited within a prospective, longitudinal, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based study of primary ICH. Clinical, demographic, and MRI data were collected on all subjects at baseline and 1 month. Results: Of the 138 patients enrolled, mean age was 59 years, 54% were male, 73% were black, and 84% had a history of hypertension. At baseline, ischemic lesions on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) were found in 35% of patients. At 1 month, lesions were present in 27%, and of these lesions, 83% were new and not present at baseline. ICH volume ( p = 0.025), intraventricular hemorrhage ( p = 0.019), presence of microbleeds ( p = 0.024), and large, early reductions in mean arterial pressure ( p = 0.003) were independent predictors of baseline DWI lesions. A multivariate logistical model predicting the presence of 1‐month DWI lesions included history of any prior stroke ( p = 0.012), presence of 1 or more microbleeds ( p = 0.04), black race ( p = 0.641), and presence of a DWI lesion at baseline ( p = 0.007). Interpretation: This study demonstrates that >⅓ of patients with primary ICH have active cerebral ischemia at baseline remote from the index hematoma, and ¼ of patients experience ongoing, acute ischemic events at 1 month. Multivariate analyses implicate blood pressure reductions in the setting of an active vasculopathy as a potential underlying mechanism. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of these lesions on outcome and optimal management strategies to arrest vascular damage. Ann Neurol 2012;71:199–205Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90250/1/22668_ftp.pd

Modeling Intracerebral Hemorrhage Growth and Response to Anticoagulation

The mechanism for hemorrhage enlargement in the brain, a key determinant of patient outcome following hemorrhagic stroke, is unknown. We performed computer-based stochastic simulation of one proposed mechanism, in which hemorrhages grow in “domino” fashion via secondary shearing of neighboring vessel segments. Hemorrhages were simulated by creating an initial site of primary bleeding and an associated risk of secondary rupture at adjacent sites that decayed over time. Under particular combinations of parameters for likelihood of secondary rupture and time-dependent decay, a subset of lesions expanded, creating a bimodal distribution of microbleeds and macrobleeds. Systematic variation of the model to simulate anticoagulation yielded increases in both macrobleed occurrence (26.9%, 53.2%, and 70.0% of all hemorrhagic events under conditions simulating no, low-level, and high-level anticoagulation) and final hemorrhage size (median volumes 111, 276, and 412 under the same three conditions), consistent with data from patients with anticoagulant-related brain hemorrhages. Reversal from simulated high-level anticoagulation to normal coagulation was able to reduce final hemorrhage size only if applied relatively early in the course of hemorrhage expansion. These findings suggest that a model based on a secondary shearing mechanism can account for some of the clinically observed properties of intracerebral hemorrhage, including the bimodal distribution of volumes and the enhanced hemorrhage growth seen with anticoagulation. Future iterations of this model may be useful for elucidating the effects of hemorrhage growth of factors related to secondary shearing (such as small vessel pathology) or time-dependent decay (such as hemostatic agents)

Is copyright blind to the visual?

This article argues that, with respect to the copyright protection of works of visual art, the general uneasiness that has always pervaded the relationship between copyright law and concepts of creativity produces three anomalous results. One of these is that copyright lacks much in the way of a central concept of 'visual art' and, to the extent that it embraces any concept of the 'visual', it is rooted in the rhetorical discourse of the Renaissance. This means that copyright is poorly equipped to deal with modern developments in the visual arts. Secondly, the pervasive effect of rhetorical discourse appears to have made it particularly difficult for copyright law to strike a meaningful balance between protecting creativity and permitting its use in further creative works. Thirdly, just when rhetorical discourse might have been useful in identifying the significance and materiality of the unique one-off work of visual art, copyright law chooses to ignore its implications

Henri Temianka Correspondence; (rosand)

https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/2722/thumbnail.jp

Henri Temianka Correspondence; (rosand)

https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/2721/thumbnail.jp