Kajian potensi sistem maklumat geografi sebagai mekanisma memantapkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran (P&P) Geografi di sekolah menengah rendah / Zakaria Mat Arof, Ashraf Abdullah and Rosmadi Fauzi

Geography is a field of study related to the earth and its features. School teachers have to use their own creativity to clarify and explain the elements of space which is complex using a conventional means. The skill is much-needed in analyzing these elements as they are the foundation for decision-making. The constraint is in providing a good mechanism to process those semi-structure data, which have resulted in lacking of teaching and learning Geography in school. The development of technology especially ICT (Information, Communication and Technology) has opened a new chapter in geographical knowledge exploration and enables better control. This paper displayed a merge of the technology and GIS (Geography Information System) in developing a support mechanism namely Smart_Geog for teaching and learning of geography in schools. GIS is the only computerized information management system that allows geographic data to be collected, processed and manipulated to enhance geographical knowledge. The Smart_Geog design conceptual is highlighted and its application is also discussed. Majority of the respondents from the focus group had agreed with the suggestions. It is expected that Smart_Geog will create new momentum to manage a dynamic spatial data and efficiently enhance the teaching and learning of Geography in Malaysian schools

Design of a cell selection mechanism to mitigate interference for cell-edge macro users in femto-macro heterogeneous network

The Femto-Macro heterogeneous network is a promising solution to improve the network capacity and coverage in mobile network. However interference may rise due to femtocell deployment nearby to macro user equipment (MUE) within macrocell network coverage. Femtocell offers main priority in resource allocation to its subscribed femto user equipment (FUE) rather than unsubscribed MUE. MUEs will suffer severe interference when they are placed near or within the femtocell area range especially at the cell edge. This phenomenon occurs due to the distance is far from its serving macro base station (MBS) to receive good signal strength. This paper presents a design of cell selection scheme for cell-edge MUE to select an optimal femto base station (FBS) as its primary serving cell in physical resource block allocation. In this study, the proposed cell selection consists of four main elements: measuring the closest FBS distance, Signal to Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR), physical resource block (PRB) availability and node density level for the selected base station. The main goal is to ensure cell-edge MUE has priority fairly with FUE in physical resource block allocation per user bandwidth demand to mitigate interference. Hence, the cell-edge MUE has good experienced on receiving an adequate user data rate to improve higher network throughput

Development of New Monitoring System for Field Information of Real Time Power Consumption in Malaysia

Abstract: World is currently suffering from energy crises affecting even developed countries like USA and European countries. Rapid increase in electrical energy demand for a developing country like Malaysia is a constant threat for "Energy Plan 2020". This paper introduces a new energy strategy for electrical vendors in Malaysia, a way out to this growing challenge, an energy management system. This system consist of a new energy calculation algorithm, offering electricity packages with a intelligent monitoring system for daily power consumption connected to base-station via GSM network. A smart meter is back bone for this algorithm generating automatic bill, providing a necessary help to decrease peak curve line for electric consumption. Our proposed solution will be a very easy and updated system for monitoring companies and also offering the users,( mostly on industrial level which is almost 37.7% of total power consumption) a friendly packages surely resulting in change in energy sector

Utilization of food waste in producing compost materials using effective microbe (EM) / Haris Akmal Rosmadi...[et al.]

Food waste are one of the waste that are being generated about every day. It would be a waste if the generated waste is being ignore, neglect and just being dispose away without using the benefits that are in the food waste. The aim of this study to find the best way for food waste recovery by using effective microbes (EM). There are three different parameters are used in this study. The parameters are method of drying the food wastes, the presence of Effective Microbes (EM) after the drying of food wastes and the addition of wheat pollard. Effective microbe is a combination of anaerobic microorganisms in a liquid. The effective microbe is activated by mixing the EM 1 with molasses and water with the ratio of 1: 1 :20 and been left for a week. Molasses is a thick liquid of sugar from plant as an example sugarcane. The food waste went through three processes for it to be recover which are drip the food waste leeching water at the designated table, grinding of the food waste and lastly drying the food waste. Before grinding the food waste was added with coconut pulp. The food waste is analyse based on four analyses. The four analyses are moisture content, protein analysis, e-coli analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR). Moisture content was being done to analyse the amount of water in the food waste by using the weight before the drying process and the weight after the drying process. Based on moisture content the best drying method is by using the oven. The result shows that the moisture content is 28% when the drying method is using an oven compared to using a conventional fan (51 .4%). However, after a month of observation the most preferred drying method is by using fan. This is because after approximately about a month the food waste that used the drying method of an oven have the presence of moldy and about to be spoilt. Protein analysis and E-Coli analysis are being done to find amount of protein and e-coli respectively in the sample. Fourier-transform infrared is an analyzing process to check the absorption spectra of the food waste to find the functional group of the sampl

Demodulation and modulation of high bit data transmission in low voltage supply system

Nowadays, we can found many technologies that have been developed for control applications. Power line communication (PLC) is one of the technologies that has been proved useful for control applications. It is widely use in home automation, automotive, and internet access applications. Up to date, there is no product found in the market use it for agricultural applications. Its potential for agricultural application is very promising. This study focuses on the development of a prototype using PLC system for control application in agricultural sector. On the sane token, X-10 is a well known technology used in home automation. This prototype uses the same technique in X-10 technology, but with a few improvement and modification to suit the control application in the agricultural sector. Graphical user interface (GUI) using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 software has been developed and functions as a switch to control electrical devices used in agricultural application remotely. Power line modem and controller for this system has been successfully fabricated at cheaper cost as compared to other systems sold in market. Today, farmers can have full control of their electrical machines by only pressing a single button on the graphical user interface

Five-Level Diode-Clamped Inverter With Three-Level Boost Converter

This paper proposes an active front-end solution to balance the dc-link capacitor voltage of the five-level diode clamped inverter. Capacitor voltage balancing is performed by a three-level boost converter connected to the two inner capacitors of a five-level diode-clamped inverter and additional balancing circuits at the other two outer capacitors. The proposed configuration is tested through simulation and experiment for various load power factor conditions at a high modulation index. The result demonstrates the reliability of the proposed configuration to balance the dc-link capacitor voltage at the desired level

DC-link voltage balancing and common-mode current reduction of five-level diode-clamped inverter / Rosmadi Abdullah

Multilevel inverters have gained much attention in the application of medium voltage and high power, owing to their various advantages such as lower voltage stress on power switches and lower dv/dt ratio which supply lower harmonic contents in output voltage and current. Instead of its merits for high-voltage applications, a five-level diode-clamped inverter is prone to unbalance of the dc-link voltage capacitor at the inverter input. The voltage unbalance phenomenon deteriorates the inverter output voltage waveforms and consequently, results in unsatisfactory performance or even failure of the diode-clamped inverter. This thesis proposes an active front-end solution to balance dc-link capacitor voltage of five-level diode-clamped inverter. Capacitor voltage balancing performed by three-level boost converter connected to the two inner capacitors of five-level diode-clamped inverter have additional balancing circuits at other two outer capacitors. Another problem with five-level diode-camped is common-mode current to the ground through parasitic capacitor which is between the photovoltaic array and the ground in grid-connected photovoltaic system. In addition to safety issue, high common-mode current can cause distortion in the grid current waveform, serious electromagnetic interferences, and increased losses in the photovoltaic system. The amplitude of the leakage current is dependent on the converter topology and pulse width modulation technique used. This study also proposes a switching modulation technique using modified space-vector and pulse-width modulation for leakage current reduction in a transformerless five-level diode-clamped inverter. Selective vectors are used in the modulation technique to produce an invariable common-mode voltage that leads to the reduction of the common-mode current. The effect of dead-time on the magnitude of the leakage current was also investigated. The validity of the proposed configuration for dc-link capacitor voltage balancing and common-mode leakage current reduction is verified via simulations work using Matlab/ Simulink and laboratory prototypes. DSP TMS320F28335 is used to generate a modified space-vector modulation technique to eliminate common-mode and leakage current reduction. It is also used to control the duty cycle of the balancing circuit. Proposed configuration is tested through simulation and experiment for various load power factor conditions at high modulation index. The result demonstrates the reliability of proposed configuration to balance the dc-link capacitors voltage at desired level. The performances of the proposed modulation technique in terms of common-mode voltage, leakage current and total harmonic distortion (THD) are compared with conventional sinusoidal pulse-width modulation technique. The simulation and experimental work is validated

Study on improving electric vehicle drive range using solar energy

With emphasis on a cleaner environment and efficient operation, vehicles today rely more and more heavily on electrical power generation for success. The objective of this project is to propose drive range improvement for electric vehicle using solar energy. First, power consumption modeling based on Proton Savvy using torque analysis to achieve 45mph vehicle top speed when converted to electric vehicle. Second, for continuous battery charger three solar panel (each panel with 125W) controllers had been developed. Finally, calculation, analysis and various tests are performed based on Savvy technical specifications, energy consumption requirement and vehicle movement using this proposed method