Diversity and Innovation: The Effects of Diverse Creator Teams on Video Game Characteristics and Sales

I analyze the effects of gender diversity on video game production teams. I hypothesize teams with greater gender diversity produce more games with uncommon characteristics than less diverse teams, and the games these teams develop generate higher revenue and unit sales compared to games developed by less diverse teams. I find teams with more women disproportionately develop games that are non-violent and have playable female leads. I examine whether there is an optimal ratio of women to hire for each game genre in order to maximize revenue by analyzing the relationship between the percentage of women on a team in each genre and total revenue. While I do see evidence of firms over- or under-hiring women in some genres before 2001, it appears for the most part firms have optimized their hiring practices in regards to gender diversity from 2001 onward

Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: After a Decade of Speculation, Courts Consider Another Exception to the Learned Intermediary Rule

This Comment will explore whether Washington courts should recognize direct-to-consumer advertising as an exception to the learned intermediary rule. With the ultimate goal of advocating the best protection for the consumer, the discussion will suggest that Washington courts should not create an exception. A review of other exceptions to the learned intermediary rule does not support abandoning the doctrine when a drug company advertises its product directly to consumers. Nevertheless, advertising does affect consumer purchases and does influence consumer choices, and drug companies should accept the responsibility to present balanced information. This responsibility should encompass more than meeting the minimum requirements for balanced advertising presently promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: After a Decade of Speculation, Courts Consider Another Exception to the Learned Intermediary Rule

This Comment will explore whether Washington courts should recognize direct-to-consumer advertising as an exception to the learned intermediary rule. With the ultimate goal of advocating the best protection for the consumer, the discussion will suggest that Washington courts should not create an exception. A review of other exceptions to the learned intermediary rule does not support abandoning the doctrine when a drug company advertises its product directly to consumers. Nevertheless, advertising does affect consumer purchases and does influence consumer choices, and drug companies should accept the responsibility to present balanced information. This responsibility should encompass more than meeting the minimum requirements for balanced advertising presently promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

KEPENTINGAN JERMAN TERHADAP PENANDATANGANAN “DEKLARASI JAKARTA” TAHUN 2012

JAKARTA DECLARATION is a bilateral action between Germany and Indonesia. Jakarta Declaration was signed at Jakarta 10 june 2012. Delegation from Indonesia and Germany reached agreement after Germany Chancellor visit Indonesia President. Eight sector will be improve in this agreement, which is involve 5 general sector and 3 specifically sector. Economic sector, education sector, research and technology, medical sector, industrial defense, are 5 general sectors. 3 specification sector are, food, energy, and trasportation. Both Country will work together on this 8 sector. For the future it is better to immediately implement all Indonesian cooperation agreed by Germany and Indonesia so that the impact or effect of which is expected by the both state are immediately visible. For Indonesia is expected that the development of some sectors that constitute the scope of the "Jakarta Declaration" so that the effect of this cooperation can be directly felt to Folk. As for Germany, the faster implementation of this cooperation goes well eat the faster economic growth of Germany increased . This increase could be the one who will help Germany to boost economic growth. And to ensure the improvement of ongoing market expansion in Indonesia is expected to help Germany avoid a domino effect that has occurred in the European region.This implementation was reached with the ideals of the both state. So the cooperation that has occurred over the past 60 years running towards better direction. Expected future great ideals both desirable state to be the economic foundation of Europe and Southeast Asia region, and sustain the world economy in the end

Method for improving the positional accuracy in passive optical detection of space objects

The number of space objects, i.e., active satellites as well as space debris, is growing at an exponential rate. The management of congested space requires networks of sensors to detect and precisely measure the positions of objects in space. We describe a method that improves the positional accuracy of passive optical detection of space objects. The method is based on a laboratory sensor calibration, which is suitable for all types of cameras (CCD and CMOS cameras) and can easily be implemented for existing staring or tracking stations or even used with space-based passive optical sensors. The successful implementation of the method is demonstrated in a test campaign by measuring tracklets of several Earth-orbiting satellites with a ground-based staring system known as APPARILLO. In addition to its use in space object detection, we encourage that the presented method might also inspire other fields of research and technology, where images need to be acquired with precise timing

Using death to one's advantage: HIV modulation of apoptosis

Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an early immune dysfunction and progressive destruction of CD4+ T lymphocytes. This progressive disappearance of T cells leads to a lack of immune control of HIV replication and to the development of immune deficiency resulting in the increased occurrence of opportunistic infections associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The HIV-induced, premature destruction of lymphocytes is associated with the continuous production of HIV viral proteins that modulate apoptotic pathways. The viral proteins, such as Tat, Env, and Nef, are associated with chronic immune activation and the continuous induction of apoptotic factors. Viral protein expression predisposes lymphocytes, particularly CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and antigen-presenting cells, to evolve into effectors of apoptosis and as a result, to lead to the destruction of healthy, non-infected T cells. Tat and Nef, along with Vpu, can also protect HIV-infected cells from apoptosis by increasing anti-apoptotic proteins and down- regulating cell surface receptors recognized by immune system cells. This review will discuss the validity of the apoptosis hypothesis in HIV disease and the potential mechanism(s) that HIV proteins perform in the progressive T cell depletion observed in AIDS pathogenesis. Originally published Leukemia, Vol. 15, No. 3, Mar 200

Position determination of resident space objects via triangulation with two passive-optical staring systems

The number of space objects orbiting the Earth is rapidly increasing. An opportunity to detect and measure the position of space objects are passive optical staring systems, e.g. our system called APPARILLO. While staring systems are capable of measuring highly accurate equatorial coordinates of space objects via an astrometric calibration, they do not provide information on their altitude unless the space object is assumed to fly on a circular orbit. In this work we discuss an approach in which the altitude of a space object is measured via triangulation (simultaneous observation with two staring systems placed at different positions on Earth). Based on theoretical calculations, we estimate that the triangulation with two staring systems can provide the altitude of a typical space object in a low Earth orbit with an accuracy as low as 200 m. This is two orders of magnitude better compared to a simple circular orbit approximation that can be used for a single staring system

Lasertechnik für das Verkehrsmanagement im All: Technologien für eine nachhaltige Raumfahrt

Die stark zunehmende Anzahl an Satelliten ermöglicht großen Fortschritt in der Wissenschaft und Technik und eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten wie ein weltweit verfügbares Internet. Gleichzeitig sind damit Herausforderungen für das Verkehrsmanagement im Weltraum (meist Englisch als Space Traffic Management bezeichnet) verbunden. Simulationen zeigen, dass die Anzahl an Kollisionswarnungen im niedrigen Erdorbit allein durch den Ausbau von 5 Megakonstellationen (Starlink, OneWeb, Amazon Kuiper, Guo Wang und SatRevolution) mit insgesamt ca. 70000 Satelliten etwa um den Faktor 4000 ansteigen wird. Durch weitere Satelliten und zusätzlichen Weltraummüll wird diese Zunahme real weitaus größer sein. Selbst wenn sich Kollisionen durch Ausweichmanöver verhindern lassen, verursachen diese hohe Kosten. Um die Anzahl an notwendigen Ausweichmanövern zu reduzieren und die weiterhin notwendigen Manöver effizient zu machen, ist eine hochpräzise Vermessung der Bahndaten der Weltraumobjekte erforderlich. Je genauer die Bahndaten sind, desto kleiner ist der Abstand in dem die Weltraumobjekte bei gleichem Kollisionsrisiko aneinander vorbeifliegen können. Beim Satellitenlaserranging (SLR) wird die Laufzeit eines gepulsten Lasers vermessen, der von einer Bodenstation emittiert und durch einen am Satelliten befestigten Retroreflektor wieder antiparallel zu dieser zurück reflektiert wird. Dadurch lassen sich millimetergenaue Abstände ermitteln, aus denen die Bahndaten des Satelliten errechnet werden. Da diese Messungen viel präzisiere Daten liefern als derzeit verfügbar, würden ca. 99% aller Ausweichmanöver unnötig werden. In Zusammenarbeit mit der Industrie entwickeln wir eine kompakte und transportable SLR Bodenstation, das miniSLR®. Hiermit konnte kürzlich gezeigt werden, dass trotz der kompakten, kostengünstigen Bauweise und der Nutzung von, gegenüber anderen SLR Stationen, verhältnismäßig langen Laserpulse durch Datenmittelung Millimeter präzise Abstandsmessungen erzielt werden. Um den Nutzen der SLR Technologie für das Space Traffic Management weiter zu erhöhen, arbeiten wir weiterhin an der Entwicklung von polarimetrischem SLR. Dies soll neben der Bahnvermessung auch eine Identifikation von Satelliten (z.B. nach Massenstarts von Kleinsatelliten) ermöglichen. Hierfür werden spezielle Retroreflektoren entwickelt, welche für die Raumfahrt qualifiziert und in zukünftigen Missionen getestet werden sollen

Influenza vaccination for immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis from a public health policy perspective.

Immunocompromised patients are vulnerable to severe or complicated influenza infection. Vaccination is widely recommended for this group. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses influenza vaccination for immunocompromised patients in terms of preventing influenza-like illness and laboratory confirmed influenza, serological response and adverse events