Stratégie européenne pour l’emploi et dialogue social. Vers la construction d’un modèle européen de relations professionnelles

Notre démarche vise à appréhender l’interaction entre la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi et le dialogue social européen. Nous formulons l’hypothèse d’une interaction forte entre la mise en place d’une stratégie européenne pour l’emploi à partir de 1997 et le renforcement du dialogue social européen. D’une part, le dialogue social a été mis au service de la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi et, d’autre part, la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi a été utilisée comme un outil pour transformer le dialogue social. Notre recherche a mis en évidence la transformation du rôle attribué aux partenaires sociaux dans la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi.This article seeks to analyse the connection between the European Employment Strategy (EES) and the Social Dialogue. The main hypothesis is that there is a strong interaction between the establishment of the EES beginning in 1997 and the reinforcement of the Social Dialogue. On the one hand, the Social Dialogue served the needs of the EES and on the other the EES became a tool for transforming the Social Dialogue. This research emphasises the changes in the role assigned to the social partners in the European Social Strategy

Comparison of LDL fatty acid and carotenoid concentrations and oxidative resistance of LDL in volunteers from countries with different rates of cardiovascular disease

Within Europe there are differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk between countries and this might be related to dietary habits. Oxidative modification of LDL is suggested to increase the risk of CVD and both the fatty acid and antioxidant content of LDL can affect its oxidation. In the present study, concentration of LDL fatty acid and antioxidant micronutrients (tocopherols and carotenoids) and ex vivo oxidative resistance of LDL (lag phase) was compared in volunteers from five countries with different fruit and vegetable intakes and reported rates of CVD. Eighty volunteers (forty males, forty females per centre), age range 25-45 years, were recruited from France, Northern Ireland, UK, Republic of Ireland, The Netherlands, and Spain, and their LDL composition and lag phase were measured. There were some differences in LDL carotenoid and α-tocopherol concentrations between countries. α-Tocopherol was low and β- + γ-tocopherol were high (P<0·001) in the Dutch subjects. β-Carotene concentrations were significantly different between the French and Spanish volunteers, with French showing the highest and Spanish the lowest concentration. LDL lycopene was not different between centres in contrast to lutein, which was highest in French (twofold that in the Dutch and Spanish and threefold that in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, P<0·001). However absolute LDL saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and total unsaturated fatty acid concentrations were different between countries (P<0·001, total unsaturated highest in Northern Ireland) there was little difference in unsaturated:saturated fatty acid concentration ratios and no difference in polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid concentration ratios. LDL from the Republic of Ireland (a region with a high rate of CVD) had greater resistance to Cu-stimulated oxidation than samples obtained from volunteers in other countries. In conclusion, LDL composition did not predict resistance to Cu-stimulated oxidation, nor is there evidence that LDL from volunteers in countries with lower rates of CVD have greater resistance to oxidatio

Franck Boutaric, Pollution atmosphérique et action publique, Édition rue d’Ulm, 2014, 82 pages

Ce livre est préfacé par Corinne Lepage qui, d’entrée de jeu, souligne le déficit de politiques publiques dont la qualité de l’air a fait l’objet puisque, selon elle, la loi sur l’air de 1996 n’a jamais été véritablement appliquée. Elle avait pourtant l’ambition de lier la qualité de l’air à l’utilisation rationnelle de l’énergie, idée que la loi sur la transition énergétique reprend 20 ans plus tard. Seule la surveillance, depuis 1996, a fait l’objet d’un véritable investissement qui a permi..

Study of the atmospheric refraction in a single mode instrument - Application to AMBER/VLTI

International audienceThis paper presents a study of the atmospheric refraction and its effect on the light coupling efficiency in an instrument using single-mode optical fibers. We show the analytical approach which allowed us to assess the need to correct the refraction in J- and H-bands while observing with an 8-m Unit Telescope. We then developed numerical simulations to go further in calculations. The hypotheses on the instrumental characteristics are those of AMBER (Astronomical Multi BEam combineR), the near infrared focal beam combiner of the Very Large Telescope Interferometric mode (VLTI), but most of the conclusions can be generalized to other single-mode instruments. We used the software package caos (Code for Adaptive Optics Systems) to take into account the atmospheric turbulence effect after correction by the ESO system MACAO (Multi-Application Curvature Adaptive Optics). The opto-mechanical study and design of the system correcting the atmospheric refraction on AMBER is then detailed. We showed that the atmospheric refraction becomes predominant over the atmospheric turbulence for some zenith angles z and spectral conditions: for z larger than 30° in J-band for example. The study of the optical system showed that it allows to achieve the required instrumental performance in terms of throughput in J- and H-bands. First observations in J-band of a bright star, alpha Cir star, at more than 30° from zenith clearly showed the gain to control the atmospheric refraction in a single mode instrument, and validated the operating law

De l’impossible coexistence ? De la nécessaire reconnaissance au fondement de la coexistence organisationnelle

Lu mode en gestion est généralement le reflet d’une pseudo réconciliation de l’économique et du social avec pour postulat une corrélation entre objectif de l’entreprise et objectif de l’individu. Or il s’agit là d’un cas particulier plutôt que la règle. Rares sont les situations où les objectifs personnels et organisationnels sont les mêmes. Très souvent le salarié doit tisser sa relation sur une trame d’entreprise rationnelle. La rationalité instrumentale qui se donne comme norme, parle du s..

Working with argan cake: a new etiology for hypersensitivity pneumonitis

International audienceAbstractBackgroundArgan is now used worldwide in numerous cosmetic products. Nine workers from a cosmetic factory were examined in our occupational medicine department, following the diagnosis of a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) related to handling of argan cakes.MethodsOperators were exposed to three forms of argan (crude granulates, powder or liquid) depending on the step of the process. All workers systematically completed standardized questionnaires on occupational and medical history, followed by medical investigations, comprising, in particular, physical examination and chest X-rays, total IgE and a systematic screening for specific serum antibodies directed against the usual microbial agents of domestic and farmer’s HP and antigens derived from microbiological culture and extracts of various argan products. Subjects with episodes of flu-like syndrome several hours after handling argan cakes, were submitted to a one-hour challenge to argan cakes followed by physical examination, determination of Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO) and chest CT-scan on day 2, and, when necessary, bronchoalveolar lavage on day 4.ResultsSix of the nine workers experienced flu-like symptoms within 8 hours after argan handling. After challenge, two subjects presented a significant decrease of DLCO and alveolitis with mild lymphocytosis, and one presented ground glass opacities. These two patients and another patient presented significant arcs to both granulates and non-sterile powder. No reactivity was observed to sterile argan finished product, antigens derived from argan cultures (various species of Bacillus) and Streptomyces marokkonensis (reported in the literature to contaminate argan roots).ConclusionsWe report the first evidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis related to argan powder in two patients. This implies preventive measures to reduce their exposure and clinical survey to diagnose early symptoms. As exposure routes are different and antibodies were observed against argan powder and not the sterile form, consumers using argan-based cosmetics should not be concerned

Les multiples facettes des inégalités écologiques

La notion d’inégalités environnementales se décline différemment selon les contextes culturels. Cette notion, telle qu’elle est apparue aux États-Unis, n’a de sens que dans une perspective d’action. Il s’agit de s’appuyer sur un environnement dégradé pour étayer les revendications de communautés ou d’ethnies défavorisées. En Europe, elle rejoint la notion, plus globale, de populations davantage exposées à des risques ou des contaminants, ou encore tributaires d’une faible qualité de leur milieu ambiant. Des politiques ou des situations environnementales et leurs implications sanitaires peuvent se conjuguer et renforcer des inégalités constatées sur le plan social.The notion of ecological inequalities is understood in very different ways depending on different cultural contexts. In the United States, where it has first developed, its only meaning is in an action perspective. The idea is to lean on degraded environmental conditions to strengthen the claims of unfavoured communities or ethnical groups. In Europe, it meets the more global notion of populations specifically exposed to risks or contaminating substances, or benefitting from weak quality surroundings. Policies, environmental situations and their health implications can meet and thus reinforce already identified social inequalities