Mechanical behavior of carbon-carbon composites

A general background, test plan, and some results of preliminary examinations of a carbon-carbon composite material are presented with emphasis on mechanical testing and inspection techniques. Experience with testing and evaluation was gained through tests of a low modulus carbon-carbon material, K-Karb C. The properties examined are the density - 1.55 g/cc; four point flexure strength in the warp - 137 MPa (19,800 psi) and the fill - 95.1 MPa (13,800 psi,) directions; and the warp interlaminar shear strength - 14.5 MPa (2100 psi). Radiographic evaluation revealed thickness variations and the thinner areas of the composite were scrapped. The ultrasonic C-scan showed attenuation variations, but these did not correspond to any of the physical and mechanical properties measured. Based on these initial tests and a survey of the literature, a plan has been devised to examine the effect of stress on the oxidation behavior, and the strength degradation of coated carbon-carbon composites. This plan will focus on static fatigue tests in the four point flexure mode in an elevated temperature, oxidizing environment

Deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests of Borneo

Deadwood is an important stock of carbon in logged-over Dipterocarp forests but still remains poorly studied. Here we present the study of deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests using two common approaches: plot-based approach and line-intersect-based approach. We conducted our research in three sites which are forest logged in 2003, 2007, and 2010 within Hutansanggam Labanan Lestari (HLL) forest, a certified forest concessionaire in Indonesia. We established 1,500 m of transect line (broken down in 50 m section) for each site. As a reference, we established 47 10 m x 10 m subplot for three sites. All fallen deadwood with diameter > 10 cm were recorded. Our results shows that the mass of fallen deadwood resulted by line-intersect-based method was much higher in compare to plotbased method. The mass of fallen deadwood in plot-based study (44.563 ± 9.155 Mg/ha) was significantly different with the mass of fallen deadwood in line-intersect-based study (69.587 ± 8.079 Mg/ha). Furthermore, for the variability of deadwood, both methods show consistence results which is the variability in 2003 was lower than that in 2007 and 2010. Based on our data, in order to get coefficient of variation of 10%, we recommend the use of minimum 40 plots of 20 m x 20 m to estimate deadwood in logged-over Dipterocarp forests. (Texte intégral

PEMIKIRAN POLITIK DAN GERAKAN SOSIOKULTURAL KEWARGANEGARAAN KAUM INTELEKTUAL MUSLIM NEO-MODERNIS DALAM PENGUATAN DEMOKRASI DAN CIVIL SOCIETY DI INDONESIA : suatu perspektif keadaban kewarganegaraan (civic virtue)

Penelitian dengan judul PEMIKIRAN POLITIK DAN GERAKAN SOSIOKULTURAL KEWARGANEGARAAN KAUM INTELEKTUAL MUSLIM NEO-MODERNIS DALAM PENGUATAN DEMOKRASI DAN CIVIL SOCIETY DI INDONESIA: Suatu Perspektif Keadaban Kewarganegaraan bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemikiran politik dan gerakan sosiokultural kewarganegaraan Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur) dan Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) dalam penguatan demokrasi dan civil society di Indonesia. Fokus penelitian ini terkait dengan: (a) Perjalanan sejarah sosial intelektual Cak Nur dan Gus Dur dalam peta intelektual Indonesia; (b) Paradigma pemikiran politik Cak Nur dan Gus Dur; (c) Pola gerakan sosiokultural kewarganegaraan Cak Nur dan Gus Dur dalam penguatan demokrasi dan civil society di Indonesia berdasarkan perspektif keadaban kewarganegaraan; (d) Dampak dan relevansi pemikiran politik dan gerakan sosiokultural kewarganegaraan Cak Nur dan Gus Dur dalam konteks penguatan demokrasi dan civil society di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan metode studi tokoh. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kerangka kerja penelitian sejarah sosial intelektual. Data primer penelitian dari sumber pustaka yang ditulis oleh Cak Nur dan Gus Dur, sedangkan data sekunder dari tulisan pihak lain yang memiliki relevansi dengan fokus penelitian ini. Data dianalisis berdasarkan analisis wacana kritis, analisis isi, analisis hermeneutik serta analisis reflektif inkuiri untuk mendapatkan temuan hasil penelitian. Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa Cak Nur dan Gus Dur merupakan dua warga negara yang berasal dari daerah dan latar belakang kultural yang sama, namun berbeda dalam strategi gerakan. Keduanya berada dalam titik temu sebagai pemikir dan intelektual neo-modernis dalam merespons masalah-masalah kewarganegaraan. Cak Nur dan Gus Dur berpandangan bahwa Islam sebagai ideologi dan agama menjadi faktor utama dalam mendorong modernisasi, meneguhkan semangat kebangsaan yang multikultural dan menjadikan nilai dan substansi ajaran Islam sebagai etos dan nilai-nilai keadaban dalam kehidupan kebangsaan dan kenegaraan tanpa harus menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara Islam, tetapi negara Pancasila. Kedua tokoh ini menempuh gerakan Islam kultural sebagai model dari gerakan sosiokultural kewarganegaraan untuk penguatan demokrasi dan civil society di Indonesia. Melalui gerakan tersebut dilakaukan pengembangan nilai-nilai keadaban kewarganegaraan yang dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam etika sosial politik bagi warga negara dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara. Nilai-nilai keadaban kewarganegaraan yang dirumuskan Cak Nur dan Gus Dur mencakup nilai: pluralitas, penghargaan terhadap perbedaan, kebersamaan, silaturahmi-ta’aruf, penghormatan terhadap minoritas, humanitarian, kebangsaan, empati, toleran, egaliter, solidaritas bangsa, keadilan sosial. Nilai-nilai keadaban kewarganegaraan tersebut dapat mendorong lahirnya keadaban demokrasi (democracy civility) dan keadaban kewarganegaraan dalam menguatkan demokrasi dan peran civil society di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian direkomendasikan untuk melakukan rekonstruksi materi dan metode pendidikan kewarganegaraan sebagai sebuah paradigma baru berdasarkan tradisi keilmuan Islam dan kearifan lokal keindonesiaan ---------- The title of research POLITICAL THOUGHT AND SOCIOCULTURAL CITIZENSHIP MOVEMENT OF NEO-MODERNIST MUSLIMS INTELLECTUAL IN STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN INDONESIA : A Civic Virtue Perspective has been the objectives to describe in depth about political thought and sosiocultural citizenship movement of Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur) and Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) in strengthening democracy and civil society in Indonesia within the perspective civic virtue. This study dealth with: (a) Social history of intellectual Cak Nur and Gus Dur in the intellectual map of Indonesia; (b) The paradigm of political thought of Cak Nur and Gus Dur as well as models of political thought both figures; (c) Sociocultural movement patterns for citizenship of Cak Nur and Gus Dur in the strengthening democracy and civil society in Indonesia; (d) Impact and relevance of political thoughts and sociocultural movements citizenship of Cak Nur and Gus Dur to the context of strengthening democracy and civil society in Indonesia according from the prespective civic virtue. This research was a library research and literature the figures methods. The approach user this study was social history of intellectual research. Data were obtained from published sources written by two characters that were examined as the primary data source. The secondary source was obtained from the writings of others that have relevance to the focus of this study. The data were analyzed based on critical discourse analysis, content analysis, hermeneutic analysis and reflective inquiry to get the findings.The findings of the study confirms that Cak Nur and Gus Dur were two citizens from the same area and cultural background of the family. The citizens of this country have different learning environment in the developing and strengthening their intellectualism. This research also showed Cak Nur and Gus Dur had the same point of view that in Indonesia, in functioning of Islam as a religion and ideology. Those have become the main factors to develop modernization and citizenship even Indonesia is not an Islamic country, but it is based on Pancasila. Nevertheless, both of them have develop the same movement in responding the issues related to citizenship and the relationship between Islam, politics and civil society. As political thinker based on Islamic and modernity perspectives, Cak Nur and Gus Dur have formulated civic virtue values such as: pluralism, appreciation of diversity, equality, egality, equity, humanity, nationalism, emphaty, tolerance, solidarity, and social justice. Both of them formulated and developed the value and substance of the teachings of Islam as the ethos and values of civility in our nationhood and statehood like democracy civility and civic virtue in the strengthening of democracy and civil society in Indonesia. Based on research findings it can be recommended to reconstruct contents and methods as new paradigm of civic education based on Islamic knowledges tradition and local wisdoms in Indonesian setting as well as

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC READING (CSR) TO TEACH CONTENT AREA READING COMPREHENSION VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ INTELLIGENCE

This research aims at revealing: (1) whether or not Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) strategy is more effective than lecturing strategy in teaching content area reading comprehension; (2) whether the students who have high intelligence have better content area reading comprehension ability than those who have low intelligence; and (3) whether there is an interaction between teaching strategies and intelligence in teaching content area reading. This experimental research was carried out in MAN 1 Bojonegoro in the academic year of 2012/2013 from September to November 2012. The population was the first semester of Rintisan Madrasah Bertaraf Internasional (RMBI) students in the academic year of 2012/2013. The number of population was three classes (72 students) that consisted of XI-Bilingual 1, XI- Bilingual 2, and XI-Bilingual 3. The samples were XI-Bilingual 2 as the experimental group and XI-Bilingual 3 as the control group. Each group consisted of 24 students. The experimental group was treated by using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) Strategy, while the control group was treated by using Lecturing Strategy. The post-test was conducted in form content area reading comprehension test. Before the content area reading comprehension test was administered to the both groups, it was firstly tried out to non-sample class to know the validity and the reliability of the test. Then, the data from the post-test were described using descriptive statistics and were tested their normality and homogeneity. It was found out that the data were in normal distribution and homogeneous. After that, the data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test. The data analysis shows that: (1) Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) Strategy is more effective than Lecturing Strategy in teaching content area reading; (2) Students with high intelligence have better content area reading comprehension ability than those having low intelligence; and (3) There is no interaction between teaching strategies and intelligence in teaching content area reading. Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) is an effective strategy in teaching content area reading for both high and low intelligence students. Therefore, it is recommended that: (1) teachers should be well-trained in using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR); (2) the students need to get accustomed to learning reading in content areas (science and social study); (3) the school needs to upgrade teachers’ competence; and (4) future researchers may conduct replication research with different sample and condition

PENGARUH INOVASI PRODUK, HARGA DAN WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN JERSEY DI PERSEBAYA STORE

Perusahaan Persebaya Store dalam menghadapi persaingan selalu berusaha menjaga kualitas dan harga produk jerseynya agar dapat meningkatkan keputusan pembelian konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh inovasi produk terhadap keputusan pembelian, menguji pengaruh harga terhadap keputusan pembelian dan menguji pengaruh word of mouth terhadap keputusan pembelian jersey di Persebaya Store. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian casual research. Populasi penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang memutuskan membeli di Persebaya Store. Sampel dalam Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik accidental sampling, jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 100 responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis linier berganda dengan menggunakan alat bantu SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini pada uji t menunjukan bahwa inovasi produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada produk jersey di Persebaya Store. Harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada produk jersey di Persebaya Store dan word of mouth berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada produk jersey di Persebaya Stor

TEACHING INTENSIVE READING THROUGH DIFFERENT SCAFFOLDING STRATEGIES IN THE BILINGUAL CLASSROOM CONTEXT

Abstract: Teaching intensive reading to young learners of English has a long history. It aims to train the learners to read for predetermined reading questions and for language exercises. The use of students’ first language alongside English in school and to use it in intensive reading will support both academic achievement and development of English as an additional language. However, teaching intensive reading in bilingual classrooms is lack of teacher’s reading strategies that facilitate students’ comprehension and words recognition in English. To fill this practical gap, the presenter will introduce different scaffolding strategies to develop students’ reading skills. These involve encouraging reciprocal teaching (teacher modeling of strategies), teacher’s self-regulated comprehension strategies (prior knowledge activation and question generation); delivering reading texts; making frequent repetitions of key words and ideas; and clarifying the meaning of words through graphic organizers, pictures, and charts as scaffolding tools to convey concepts. This paper presentation reports how each of these strategies work in Indonesia the bilingual classroom. Keywords:Intensive reading, scaffolding, strategies, bilingua

Komunikasi Lintas Agama: Modal Sosial Pembentukan Masyarakat Sipil

Struktur masyarakat Indonesia bersifat majemuk. Masyarakat majemuk, kata Furnivall sebagaimana disitir Shepsle, adalah masyarakat yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih elemen dan tatanan sosial yang hidup berdampingan tetapi tidak berintegrasi dalam satu kesatuan politik. Kemajemukan tersebut merupakan kekayaan bangsa yang sangat bernilai, namun pada sisi yang lain pluralitas tersebut dapat menjadi hambatan yang serius bagi integrasi sosial dan pembangunan nasional. Terlebih jika stratifikasi sosial berbenturan dengan differensiasi sosial, maka konflik yang eksesif seringkali tidak dapat dielakkan. Selain itu, sebagaimana diungkap oleh Ted Gurr, sebagai negara yang sedang berada dalam tahap awal demokrasi, Indonesia memiliki resiko tinggi untuk menghadapi konflik kekerasan. Negara yang sedang dalam masa transisi menunju demokrasi berada dalam periode tidak stabil dan pada banyak hal tidak fungsional sehingga kehilangan kapasitas represif untuk menciptakan ketertiban. Karena itu, tahap transisi seringkali dianggap sebagai tahap yang diwarnai oleh ketidak-pastian dan dipenuhi oleh pergesekan antar berbagai kepentingan, termasuk berdasarkan kepentingan agama

Indikator Tawadhu dalam Keseharian

Character in islam known with the term akhlaq, namely the condition of being born and human inner. Akhlaq divided into akhlaq good and bad akhlaq. Akhlaq good or akhlaq mahmudah, as patient, thanksgiving, sincere, received, humble or tawadhu, honest or sidiq, philanthropist or jud, mandate, excusing, and gracefully. Akhlaq bad as petulant , do not give thanks , showy , voracious , arrogant , stingy , perfidious , revenge , and blasphemy. Indicators group this character quantitatively can be developed by involving the various the theory community close to support restrictions character good and bad above. Individual character behold a reflection of what is in individual self. individuals can be expressing what is his power. The process of actual potential itself up to individual have to of domestic which need to actualized and which need to controlled. This factor more played by psychologists or counselor to map potential individuals and stretches, so formed to individuals characterless

Evaluasi Afektif dalam Pembelajaran

Dalam taksonomi Benjamin S.Bloom ada tiga ranah pendidikan, yaitu ranah berpikir (cognative domain), ranah nilai atau sikap (affective domain), dan ranah keterampilan (psychomotor domain). Tiga ranah pendidikan ini yang menjadi tujuan dari pendidikan di Indonesia, sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Undang-Undang RI nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional bertujuaan untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman, dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berahlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab, jadi dapat kita simpulkan ranah kognitifnya adalah berilmu. Ranah afektifnya adalah beriman dan bertaqwa, berahlak mulia, mandiri, demokratis, bertanggung jawab. Ranah psikomotoriknya adalah sehat, cakap, kreatif. Ketiga ranah ini harus dijadikan sasaran dalam setiap kegiatan evaluasi belajar.Dalam mengukur hasil belajar kawasan afektif termasuk sukar karena menyangkut kawasan sikap dan apresiasi. Evaluasi afektif berkaitan dengan pembentukan dan Perubahan sikap