Post-COVID-19 WHO Reform: Ethical Considerations.

Funder: Jordan de Campos-RudinskyThis study argues against the expansive approach to the WHO reform, according to which to be a better global health leader, WHO should do more, be given more power and financial resources, have more operational capacities, and have more teeth by introducing more coercive monitoring and compliance mechanisms to its IHR. The expansive approach is a political problem, whose root cause lies in ethics: WHO's political overambition is grounded on WHO's lack of conceptual clarity on what good leadership means and what health (as a human right) means. This study presents this ethical analysis by putting forth an alternative: the humble approach to the WHO reform. It argues that to be a better leader, WHO should do much less and have a much narrower mandate. More specifically, WHO should focus exclusively on coordination efforts, by ensuring truthful, evidence-based, consistent, and timely shared communications regarding PHEIC among WHO member-states and other global health stakeholders, if the organization desires to be a real global health leader whose authority the international community respects and whose guidance people trust

Suppurative pylephlebitis of the portal vein following a mucocele of the appendix

No Abstract

Effects of a New Patient Safety-Driven Oxytocin Dosing Protocol on Postpartum Hemorrhage

Objective. To determine if there was an increase in postpartum (PP) hemorrhage after decreasing the PP oxytocin dose from 40 to 30 units. Study Design. Retrospective cohort study comparing 8 months before to 8 months after the change. PP day 1 hemoglobin was subtracted from admission hemoglobin. Mean change was compared by Student’s t-test. The best fit polynomial was analyzed for trends between the two time frames. Women who received blood transfusions were excluded. Results. 73/3564 (2.0%) women received blood transfusions in the pre group and 64/3295 (1.9%) women in the post group, P=0.8. Mean hemoglobin change ± standard deviation was 1.53±0.03 g/dL for pre versus 1.52±0.05 g/dL for post, P=0.68. 1003/3114 (32.2%) in the pre group had a hemoglobin decrease of ≥2 g/dL compared to 918/2895 (31.7%) in the post group, P=0.7. 261/3114 (8.4%) in the pre group had a hemoglobin decrease of ≥3 g/dL compared to 252/2895 (8.7%), P=0.7. There were no significant trends between the two time frames. Conclusion. The change in the dose of PP oxytocin did not result in an increase in postpartum hemorrhage or an increase in the need for blood transfusion

Weak gauge PDEs

Gauge PDEs generalise AKSZ sigma models to the case of general local gauge theories. Despite being very flexible and invariant these geometrical objects are usually infinite-dimensional and are difficult to define explicitly, just like standard infinitely-prolonged PDEs. We propose a notion of a weak gauge PDE where the nilpotency of the BRST differential is relaxed in a controllable way. In this approach a nontopological local gauge theory can be described in terms of a finite-dimensional geometrical object. Moreover, among such objects one can find a minimal one which is unique in a certain sense. In the case of a Lagrangian system, the respective weak gauge PDE naturally arise from its weak presymplectic formulation. We prove that any weak gauge PDE determines the standard jet-bundle BV formulation of the underlying gauge theory, giving an unambiguous physical interpretation of these objects. The formalism is illustrated by a few examples including the non-Lagrangian self-dual Yang-Mills theory. We also discuss possible applications of the approach to characterisation of those infinite-dimensional gauge PDEs which correspond to local theories

Transferability of Voice Communication in Games to Virtual Teams Training for Crisis Management

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)A crisis is an emergency event that can lead to multiple injuries and damage to property or environment. Proper training of crisis management personnel is vital for reducing the impact of a major incident. In search for knowledge on how best to implement communication for virtual environments for training, communication in online games was studied. Findings on voice communication in online games were researched and formulated as a set of statements. By asking participants in an empirical study of crisis management, the statements were either confirmed or refuted. Results show that multiplayer games are highly similar to the requirements for crisis management training in virtual environments. Approximately two-thirds of the statements proved coherent in both domains. The practical significance of this work lies in the provision of design implications for a virtual environment for crisis management training. Thus, this paper contributes to demonstrating the transferability between these domains. Finally, the paper reflects the results in theories of communication and engagement.Peer Reviewe

The flight and olfactory behavior of checkered beetles (Coleoptera: Cleridae) predatory on the Douglas-fir beetle

Published July 1966. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Large-Scale Combat Operation Education and Training Needs: Implications for Military and Civilian Medical Education

Introduction: Future large-scale combat operations (LSCO) with adversaries such as Russia or China are predicted to present unique challenges for medical personnel, including high casualty rates, limited resources, and austere environments. While traditionally associated with military conflict, the anticipated scale of future LSCO may overwhelm military medical systems, requiring civilian physicians to support wartime care or manage surges in casualties on the home front. Effective training early on is, therefore, critical to prepare both military and civilian physicians for these unique and demanding conditions. Methods: We used interpretive phenomenological analysis in this qualitative study to explore key competencies needed for LSCO medical readiness. The first and seniors author interviewed 27 military physicians (active duty, retired, and reservists) and one military chaplain with extensive operational medical experience in the fall of 2023 and fall of 2024. We analyzed transcripts to identify recurring themes. Data analysis was conducted by a diverse and experienced research team. Results: Five key themes emerged as essential for LSCO-focused medical training: 1) problem-solving in resource-limited environments, emphasizing critical thinking and improvisation; 2) ethical and emotional resilience, addressing psychological and moral challenges; 3) adaptive leadership, highlighting decision-making in high-stress settings; 4) mastery of core medical skills, ensuring competency in essential procedures; and 5) cultural competence and interoperability, supporting effective collaboration across military-civilian teams. Conclusion: The competencies identified in this study are relevant to both military and civilian physicians who may be called upon to provide care during large-scale combat operations. Medical education must proactively incorporate these themes to ensure readiness across both sectors. Strengthening military-civilian collaboration in training and curriculum development will enhance national preparedness for future conflicts