Role of the thiocyanate ion in the corrosion inhibition of zinc in perchloric acid by n-decylamine

The effect of KSCN on the corrosion of electropolished zinc in 0.1 M HClO4 and 0.1 M HClO4 solution containing different concentrations of n-decylamine (nDA) has been investigated using weight loss and polarization methods. The inhibitor efficiency of nDA increased markedly in the presence of KSCN. pH and temperature affected the corrosion inhibition of zinc by nDA in acidic KSCN solution. The weight loss and polarization measurements gave consistent results. nDA in acidic KSCN solution acted mainly as a cathodic inhibitor, but with a smaller degree of anodic control. The increase in the inhibitor efficiency of nDA in the presence of KSCN is discussed from the viewpoint of the co-adsorption of nDA in cationic form and thiocyanate ions. © 1979

Substituted tertiary arsine and phosphines as interfacial adsorption inhibitors for corrosion of zinc in perchloric acid

The effect of triphenylarsine, triphenylphosphine and tri-p-tolylphosphine on the corrosion of zinc in HClO4 at 30° C was studied. A significant decrease in the corrosion rate of zinc is obtained by the addition of these compounds. The corrosion rate is a function of the temperature, pH of the medium and the concentration of the inhibitors. The percentage protection calculated from weight loss and polarization methods are in good agreement. The apparent free energies of adsorption of inhibitors for different possible modes of adsorption are evaluated. The experimental data obtained are in agreement with the corrosion inhibition of zinc by interfacial adsorption of inhibitors. © 1980 Chapman and Hall Ltd

ESG as a Test Case for the Convergence Thesis in Corporate Law: Notes from India

This paper uses four concepts key to the ESG agenda – investor stewardship codes, corporate purpose, independent directors and ESG disclosures – to examine which way the corporate convergence pendulum is swinging in India. It finds that none of the aforesaid concepts are examples of perfect convergence or perfect divergence. Instead, they lie somewhere in the convergence-divergence matrix – India’s investor stewardship codes and framework on independent directors are examples of formal convergence but functional divergence, and her corporate law provisions on corporate purpose and ESG disclosure are functionally convergent, but formally divergent. The dichotomies in the analysis are explained on a case-by-case basis for each of the four concepts, as varying path-dependent, political, institutional and social forces determine the ‘level’ of convergence or divergence. The paper concludes by arguing that attempts to create ‘perfect convergence’ or standardization of corporate law in India have (and must) fail, because of social, political and economic norms and institutional resistance at the margins. In doing so, the paper adds to the increasingly relevant body of work emerging in Asia, measuring levels of convergence with ‘Western’ and global corporate governance systems since Profs. Hansmann and Kraakmaan’s influential ‘end of history’ thesis in 2001

Analyzing the Social License to Operate in International Investment Law

A small segment of Investor-State Arbitration flows from the consequences of resistance by the local population (particularly, indigenous people) against the particular investment, and the concerned State cancelling permits granted earlier, precluding all future activities of the investor. This paper seeks to argue that when faced with an investment treaty dispute of this nature, arbitrators should (and indeed may be required to) reflect on the Social License to Operate (SLO) as a part of the applicable law. It aims at creating a framework within which the Social License to Operate should be conceptualized by investment tribunals in the future. The article first examines the nature of the social license to operate and then goes on to highlight its existence in relevant bodies of international law. Thereafter, the article seeks to analyze its use in past investment tribunals, such as the award laid down in Bear Creek Mining v. Peru, and uses this analysis as a springboard to construct a way forward for future applications of the concept