Protumorigenic effects of Snail-expression fibroblasts on colon cancer cells

et al.Snail1 is a transcriptional factor that plays an important role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition and in the acquisition of invasive properties by epithelial cells. In colon tumors, Snail1 expression in the stroma correlates with lower specific survival of cancer patients. However, the role(s) of Snail1 expression in stroma and its association with patients' survival have not been determined. We used human primary carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) or normal fibroblasts (NFs) and fibroblast cell lines to analyze the effects of Snail1 expression on the protumorigenic capabilities in colon cancer cells. Snail1 expression was higher in CAFs than in NFs and, as well as α-SMA, a classic marker of activated CAFs. Moreover, in tumor samples from 50 colon cancer patients, SNAI1 expression was associated with expression of other CAF markers, such as α-SMA and fibroblast activation protein. Interestingly, coculture of CAFs with colon cells induced a significant increase in epithelial cell migration and proliferation, which was associated with endogenous SNAI1 expression levels. Ectopic manipulation of Snail1 in fibroblasts demonstrated that Snail1 expression controlled migration as well as proliferation of cocultured colon cancer cells in a paracrine manner. Furthermore, expression of Snail1 in fibroblasts was required for the coadjuvant effect of these cells on colon cancer cell growth and invasion when coxenografted in nude mice. Finally, cytokine profile changes, particularly MCP-3 expression, in fibroblasts are put forward as mediators of Snail1-derived effects on colon tumor cell migration. In summary, these studies demonstrate that Snail1 is necessary for the protumorigenic effects of fibroblasts on colon cancer cells.This research was supported by the PI12/02037, Fundación Científica AECC, SAF2010-20750, S2010/BMD-2344, RTICC-RD12/0036/0041 and by the Fundación Banco Santander. Antonio García de Herreros’ laboratory was supported by RTICC-RD12/0036/0005 and SAF 2010-16089. Ma Jesús Larriba’s laboratory was supported by RD12/0036/0021. Cristina Peña and José Miguel García are recipients of Miguel Servet Contracts from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.Peer reviewe

Efecto del extracto de cramberry sobre la capacidad adhesiva de la placa dental en dientes de niños de 10 años del colegio Horacio Morales Delgado. Arequipa-Peru 2016.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of the cranberry on the adhesive capacity of dental plaque in the children of the Horacio Morales school in the city of Arequipa, Peru. METHODOLOGY AND METHODS: For this research, cranberry extract was tested on 17 10-year-old children at the Horacio Morales Delgado School in Arequipa, Peru. This research lasted two days, the first day we proceeded to brush teeth to children who remained for an hour without food intake, at the end of which they were taken the dental plaque index (control group). On the second day we also proceeded to brush the children’s teeth and immediately applied the Cranberry extract as a mouthwash, after an hour without having ingested any food or drink, we took the dental plaque index. RESULTS: The results obtained from the evaluation were measured with the dental plaque index which has values of 0, 1, 2, 3; depending on how much plaque is in the dental piece (Silness and Loe plaque index). The average plaque index in teeth of children not treated with Cranberry extract and only brushed with prophylactic paste was 1.18. The average plaque index in teeth of children treated with Cranberry extract was 0.18. The results show a very significant contrast in the two days of the experiment, reaching the conclusion that using Cranberry extract significantly reduces the level of dental plaque adhered to the enamel of the teeth.OBJETIVOS: Los objetivos de la presente investigación fue determinar el efecto del cranberry sobre la capacidad adhesiva de la placa dental en los niños del colegio Horacio Morales de la ciudad de Arequipa Perú. METODOLOGIA Y METODOS: Para esta investigación se probó el extracto de cranberry en 17 niños de 10 años del colegio Horacio Morales Delgado de Arequipa Perú. Esta investigación tuvo una duración de dos días, el primer día se procedió al cepillado de dientes a los niños los cuales permanecieron durante una hora sin ingesta de alimentos, al término de la cual se les tomo el índice de placa dental (grupo control). El segundo día se procedió también al cepillado de dientes a los niños e inmediatamente se les aplico el extracto de Cranberry como un colutorio, después de una hora sin haber ingerido ningún alimento ni bebidas, se les tomo el índice de placa dental. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación fueron medidos con el índice de placa dental el cual tiene valores de 0, 1 ,2, 3; dependiendo de cuanta placa se encuentre en la pieza dental (Índice de placa de Silness y Loe). El índice de placa dental promedio en los dientes de niños no tratados con el extracto de Cranberry y solo cepillados con pasta profiláctica fue 1.18. El índice de placa dental promedio en los dientes de niños tratados con el extracto de Cranberry fue de 0.18. Los resultados evidencian un contraste muy significativo en los dos días del experimento, llegando a la conclusión que usando el extracto de Cranberry reduce notoriamente el nivel de placa dental adherida al esmalte de las piezas dentales

Sowing of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in the humid tropical climate of Tabasco, México

Objective: The objective was to evaluate Stevia rebaudiana in climatic conditions in the state of Tabasco, México. Design/methodology/approach: Plants of stevia were sowings in three times consecutive for one year, this were progressively adapting the management and establishment of the crop according to the results obtained in the previous seeding. The percentage of survival was calculated at 15 days ddt. Plant height was measured at 60 days and the problems observed in each cycle were documented. Climatic variables were recorded. Results: As a result, it was discovered that sowing December (2019) there were bending problems, soil splashing on the leaves and foliar fungal diseases, with 71 % of plant survival. In the sowing of April (2020), there was 40 % of plant survival, plants generalized chlorosis and no growth caused by excessive solar radiation; finally, in August (2020), 89 % of plant survival with height of 20.55 cm average. Limitations on study/implications: A limiting factor for achieve this research was the rainfall that caused flooding in June and October 2020; is necessary finish the crop to know the quality of the harvest by determining steviosides content. Findings/conclusions: In conclusion, the cultivation of stevia can be cultivated in the climatic conditions of Tabasco, if rainy seasons and high temperatures are avoided during the first stage of cultivation; water is a limiting factor that causes phytopathological problems and the death of the plant.Objective: To evaluate Stevia rebaudiana under the climatic conditions of the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three consecutive sowings of stevia plants were carried out for one year, progressively adapting the management and crop establishment according to the results obtained in the previous sowing. The survival percentage at 15 days after transplantation (dat) was calculated. Plant height was measured at 60 days and limitations observed in each crop cycle were recorded, as well as climatic variables. Results: bending problems, soil splashing on the leaves, and foliar fungal diseases were recorded during the December 2019 sowing; however, 71% of the plants survived the transplant. In the April 2020 sowing, 40% of the plants survived the transplant; nevertheless, the plants showed generalized chlorosis and lack of growth, as a consequence of excessive solar radiation. Finally, in August 2020, the survival rate reached 89% and an average plant height of 20.55 cm was recorded. Study Limitations/Implications: the rainfall that caused flooding in June and October 2020 limited the development of this research. Likewise, to determine the steviosides content and establish the quality of the harvest, the cultivation cycle must conclude. Findings/Conclusions: Stevia can be grown in the climatic conditions of Tabasco, as long as the rainy seasons and high temperatures are avoided during the first stage of cultivation. Water is a limiting factor that causes phytopathological problems and the death of the plant

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) : effects on sleep and wakefulness

Pablo Torterolo: Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño. Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Atilio Falconi: Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño. Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Luciana Benedetto: Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño. Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Alejandra Rodriguez-Haralambides: Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Uruguay.-- Caterina Rufo: Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Uruguay.-- Nelson Bracesco: Departamento de Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.-- Contacto: Pablo Torterolo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo-Uruguay. Tél: (598) 2924 34 14 ext. 3234. E-mail: [email protected], son cada vez más utilizados diversos estimulantes para aumentar la vigilia y su rendimiento. La yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) ingerida como infusión, es una bebida tradicional de América del Sur, de amplio consumo en Uruguay, y popularmente reconocida como estimulante o activadora. Recientemente hemos publicado un trabajo preclínico donde estudiamos los efectos de Ilex paraguariensis sobre distintos parámetros del ciclo sueño-vigilia, demostrando por primera vez el efecto promotor de la vigilia de este producto. En la presente revisión se analiza el efecto activador de la Ilex paraguariensis y se discute el probable mecanismo de acción sobre los sistemas neurales activadores y somnogénicos. También se discute un posible papel de la Ilex paraguariensis en el tratamiento de la somnolencia excesiva y se sugiere contraindicarla en diversas condiciones que cursan con dificultad para conciliar el sueño.Nowadays, several stimulants are used in order to increase wakefulness and its efficiency. The “yerba mate” (Ilex paraguariensis) taken as an infusion, is a south-American beverage with widespread consumption in Uruguay and is traditionally recognized as a preparation that promotes wakefulness. Recently, we have published a preclinical paper where we studied the Ilex paraguariensis effects on different parameters of the sleep and wakefulness cycle, demonstrating for the first time that this product generates and maintains wakefulness. In the present revision, we analyze the activating effect of the Ilex paraguariensis. We also hypothesize that the activating effect is produced by actions on the waking and sleep-promoting neuronal systems. Finally, we also discuss the potential use of Ilex paraguariensis in the treatment of excessive sleep disorders, and suggest contraindicating this product in conditions that present difficulties in falling asleep and insomnia

TWIST1 Is Expressed in Colorectal Carcinomas and Predicts Patient Survival

TWIST1 is a transcription factor that belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix proteins involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion processes. The TWIST1 protein possesses oncogenic, drug-resistant, angiogenic and invasive properties, and has been related with several human tumors and other pathologies. Colorectal cancer is one of the tumors in which TWIST1 is over-expressed, but its involvement in the clinical outcome of the disease is still unclear. We tested, by RT-PCR, the expression levels of TWIST1 in normal and tumor paired-sample tissues from a series of 151 colorectal cancer patients, in order to investigate its prognostic value as a tumor marker. TWIST1 expression was restricted to tumor tissues (86.1%) and correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM). Adjusted analysis showed that the expression levels of TWIST1 correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Importantly, TWIST1 expression levels predicted OS specifically at stages I and II. Moreover, patients with stage II tumors and high TWIST1 levels showed even shorter survival than patients with stage III tumors. These results suggest that TWIST1 expression levels could be a tumor indicator in stage II patients and help select patients at greater risk of poor prognosis who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments for Children and Adolescents: State of the Art

Background: The empirical evidence accumulated on the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of psychotherapeutic treatments in children and adolescents calls for an update. The main goal of this paper objective was to carry out a selective review of empirically supported psychological treatments for a variety of common psychological disorders and problems in childhood and adolescence. Method: A review was carried out of the psychological treatments for different psychological disorders and problems in social-emotional or behavioral adjustment in the child-adolescent population according to the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation. Results: The findings suggest that psychological treatments have empirical support for addressing a wide range of psychological problems in these developmental stages. The degree of empirical support ranges from low to high depending on the phenomenon analyzed. The review suggests unequal progress in the different fields of intervention. Conclusions: From this update, psychologists will be able to make informed decisions when implementing those empirically supported treatments to address the problems that occur in childhood and adolescence

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Efecto del extracto de cramberry sobre la capacidad adhesiva de la placa dental en dientes de niños de 10 años del colegio Horacio Morales Delgado. Arequipa-Peru 2016.

OBJETIVOS: Los objetivos de la presente investigación fue determinar el efecto del cranberry sobre la capacidad adhesiva de la placa dental en los niños del colegio Horacio Morales de la ciudad de Arequipa Perú. METODOLOGIA Y METODOS: Para esta investigación se probó el extracto de cranberry en 17 niños de 10 años del colegio Horacio Morales Delgado de Arequipa Perú. Esta investigación tuvo una duración de dos días, el primer día se procedió al cepillado de dientes a los niños los cuales permanecieron durante una hora sin ingesta de alimentos, al término de la cual se les tomo el índice de placa dental (grupo control). El segundo día se procedió también al cepillado de dientes a los niños e inmediatamente se les aplico el extracto de Cranberry como un colutorio, después de una hora sin haber ingerido ningún alimento ni bebidas, se les tomo el índice de placa dental. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación fueron medidos con el índice de placa dental el cual tiene valores de 0, 1 ,2, 3; dependiendo de cuanta placa se encuentre en la pieza dental (Índice de placa de Silness y Loe). El índice de placa dental promedio en los dientes de niños no tratados con el extracto de Cranberry y solo cepillados con pasta profiláctica fue 1.18. El índice de placa dental promedio en los dientes de niños tratados con el extracto de Cranberry fue de 0.18. Los resultados evidencian un contraste muy significativo en los dos días del experimento, llegando a la conclusión que usando el extracto de Cranberry reduce notoriamente el nivel de placa dental adherida al esmalte de las piezas dentales.</jats:p