ユウキノウギョウニオケルフコウキノウホウノカツヨウホウホウノカイハツ

博士（農学）東京農工大

Southwest Atlantic water mass evolution during the last deglaciation

The rise in atmospheric CO2 during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1; 14.5–17.5 kyr B.P.) may have been driven by the release of carbon from the abyssal ocean. Model simulations suggest that wind‐driven upwelling in the Southern Ocean can liberate 13C‐depleted carbon from the abyss, causing atmospheric CO2 to increase and the δ13C of CO2 to decrease. One prediction of the Southern Ocean hypothesis is that water mass tracers in the deep South Atlantic should register a circulation response early in the deglaciation. Here we test this idea using a depth transect of 12 cores from the Brazil Margin. We show that records below 2300 m remained 13C‐depleted until 15 kyr B.P. or later, indicating that the abyssal South Atlantic was an unlikely source of light carbon to the atmosphere during HS1. Benthic δ18O results are consistent with abyssal South Atlantic isolation until 15 kyr B.P., in contrast to shallower sites. The depth dependent timing of the δ18O signal suggests that correcting δ18O for ice volume is problematic on glacial terminations. New data from 2700 to 3000 m show that the deep SW Atlantic was isotopically distinct from the abyss during HS1. As a result, we find that mid‐depth δ13C minima were most likely driven by an abrupt drop in δ13C of northern component water. Low δ13C at the Brazil Margin also coincided with an ~80‰ decrease in Δ14C. Our results are consistent with a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and point toward a northern hemisphere trigger for the initial rise in atmospheric CO2 during HS1.Key PointsDeep SW Atlantic was unlikely source of light carbon to atmosphere during HS1Mid‐depth isotopic anomalies due to change in northern component waterNorthern component water had robust influence in South Atlantic during HS1Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111970/1/palo20190.pd

Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition

To study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition, the MiBioGen consortium curated and analyzed genome-wide genotypes and 16S fecal microbiome data from 18,340 individuals (24 cohorts). Microbial composition showed high variability across cohorts: only 9 of 410 genera were detected in more than 95% of samples. A genome-wide association study of host genetic variation regarding microbial taxa identified 31 loci affecting the microbiome at a genome-wide significant (P < 5 x 10(-8)) threshold. One locus, the lactase (LCT) gene locus, reached study-wide significance (genome-wide association study signal: P = 1.28 x 10(-20)), and it showed an age-dependent association with Bifidobacterium abundance. Other associations were suggestive (1.95 x 10(-10) < P < 5 x 10(-8)) but enriched for taxa showing high heritability and for genes expressed in the intestine and brain. A phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization identified enrichment of microbiome trait loci in the metabolic, nutrition and environment domains and suggested the microbiome might have causal effects in ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis

Sigfox aplicado a medições

Este trabalho é inspirado em uma tecnologia ainda pouco conhecida pela maioria dos brasileiros, embora seja bem aproveitada em outros países. No Brasil o padrão Sigfox vem ganhando espaço com o passar dos anos, devido em grande parte ao fato de oferecer economia e simplicidade na sua utilização. Além da parte conceitual que será definida a respeito do Sigfox, será abordado também a estrutura técnica desse padrão, o tipo de rede que ele utiliza, a sua arquitetura e sua eficaz técnica de modulação. Tem-se como foco apresentar suas principais características e detalhar duas aplicações que demonstram as facilidades mencionadas acima. Como estudo de caso, em primeira análise, será discorrido sobre georreferenciamento com emprego do Sigfox e então a utilização de medidores de água inteligente. Serão apresentados e expostos como esses dispositivos funcionam na sua base e como a tecnologia pode agregar para uma melhor experiênciaThis work is inspired by a technology still little known by most Brazilians, although it is well used in other countries. In Brazil, the Sigfox standard has been gaining ground over the years, due in large part to the fact that it offers economy and simplicity of use. In addition to the conceptual part that will be defined about Sigfox, it will also address the technical structure of this standard, the type of network it uses, its architecture and its effective modulation technique. It focuses on presenting its main characteristics and detailing two applications that demonstrate the facilities mentioned above. As a case study, in the first analysis, it will be discussed about georeferencing using Sigfox and then the use of smart water meters. It will show and expose how these devices work at their foundation and how technology can add to the best experienc

Terrigenous flux in the Rio Grande Rise area during the past 1500 ka: Evidence of deepwater advection or rapid response to continental rainfall patterns?

Surface sediment samples and three gravity cores from the eastern terrace of the Vema Channel, the western flank of the Rio Grande Rise, and the Brazilian continental slope were investigated for physical properties, grain size, and clay mineral composition. Discharge of the Rio Doce is responsible for kaolinite enrichments on the slope south of 20 degrees and at intermediate depths of the Rio Grande Rise. The long-distance advection of kaolinite with North Atlantic Deep Water from lower latitudes is of minor importance as evidenced by low kaolinite/chlorite ratios on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Cyclic variations of kaolinite/chlorite ratios in all our cores, with maxima in interglacials, are attributed to low- and high-latitude forcing of paleoclimate on the Brazilian mainland and the related discharge of the Rio Doce. A longterm trend toward more arid and "glacial" conditions from 1500 ka to present is superimposed on the glacial-interglacial cyclicity

Bioactive steroids as contaminants of the common carbon source galactose

Most inducible expression vectors for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are based on galactose-inducible promoters. Yeast has been increasingly used to study vertebrate steroid receptors because of its powerful genetics. In principle, both regulatory systems are compatible and can be combined in the same strain. However, we found that commercial galactose can be contaminated by bioactive estrogen and progesterone at concentrations that are sufficient to fully activate their cognate receptors. Since steroids can elicit biological responses in pathogenic fungi and possibly other microorganisms, such contaminants in a commonly used fermentable carbon source may need to be screened fo