Magnetic susceptibility of alkali-TCNQ salts and extended Hubbard models with bond order and charge density wave phases

The molar spin susceptibilities $\chi(T)$ of Na-TCNQ, K-TCNQ and Rb-TCNQ(II) are fit quantitatively to 450 K in terms of half-filled bands of three one-dimensional Hubbard models with extended interactions using exact results for finite systems. All three models have bond order wave (BOW) and charge density wave (CDW) phases with boundary $V = V_c(U)$ for nearest-neighbor interaction $V$ and on-site repulsion $U$. At high $T$, all three salts have regular stacks of $\rm TCNQ^-$ anion radicals. The $\chi(T)$ fits place Na and K in the CDW phase and Rb(II) in the BOW phase with $V \approx V_c$. The Na and K salts have dimerized stacks at $T < T_d$ while Rb(II) has regular stacks at 100K. The $\chi(T)$ analysis extends to dimerized stacks and to dimerization fluctuations in Rb(II). The three models yield consistent values of $U$, $V$ and transfer integrals $t$ for closely related $\rm TCNQ^-$ stacks. Model parameters based on $\chi(T)$ are smaller than those from optical data that in turn are considerably reduced by electronic polarization from quantum chemical calculation of $U$, $V$ and $t$ on adjacent $\rm TCNQ^-$ ions. The $\chi(T)$ analysis shows that fully relaxed states have reduced model parameters compared to optical or vibration spectra of dimerized or regular $\rm TCNQ^-$ stacks.Comment: 9 pages and 5 figure

Observation on the Curative Effect of Madopar Combined with Pramipexole in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Diseases

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurological degenerative disease in the elderly. The clinical manifestations are static tremor, increased muscle tone, slow movement, abnormal posture gait, and severe symptoms of loss of self-care. Parkinson’s disease has become a burden to not only patient, but also to his family and to the society. Normal human brain neurotransmitter dopamine and acetylcholine are in a balanced state, the two antagonism can maintain normal body function. The pathological changes of patients with Parkinson’s disease is degeneration and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in striatum, resulting in a significant reduction in dopamine levels, and thus lead to an imbalance in the effects of dopamine and acetylcholine, and a decrease in dopamine resistance to acetylcholine Parkinson’s disease symptoms. As such, this article will focus on the analysis of the Madopar and pramipexole in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease symptoms

Cell division cycle 42 effector protein 4 inhibits prostate cancer progression by suppressing ERK signaling pathway

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among men worldwide. The cell division cycle 42 effector protein 4 (CDC42EP4) functions downstream of CDC42, yet its role and molecular mechanisms in PCa remain unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the role of CDC42EP4 in the progression of PCa and its underlying mechanisms. Bioinformatical analysis indicated that CDC42EP4 expression was significantly lower in PCa tissue compared to normal prostate tissue. Cellular phenotyping analysis suggested that CDC42EP4 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCa cells. Xenograft tumor assays further demonstrated that CDC42EP4 suppressed the growth of PCa cells in vivo. Mechanistically, the study established that CDC42EP4 inhibited the ERK pathway in PCa cells. Additionally, the ERK pathway inhibitor PD0325901 was employed, revealing that PD0325901 significantly nullified the effects of CDC42EP4 on PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CDC42EP4 acts as a critical tumor suppressor gene, inhibiting PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the ERK pathway, thereby presenting potential targets for PCa therapy

Incentives for promoting climate change adaptation technologies in agriculture: An evolutionary game approach

Abstract Climate change adaptation technologies (CCATs) have become an important tool for farmers to cope with climate change and address the risks of natural disasters, but in many rural areas, there is still a reliance on traditional agricultural techniques. It is necessary to explore the incentives for promoting CCATs in agriculture, and the conditions for the effectiveness and realization of policy measures. In this paper, we construct an evolutionary game model to analyze the behaviour of local governments and farmers in promoting CCATs. Our findings are as follows: Under certain conditions, the evolutionary game of promoting CCATs in agriculture can achieve equilibrium. Within a certain range, the incentive for farmers to choose to adopt CCATs increases with local governments’ risk subsidy and cost-sharing. When the subsidy is too high, local governments may choose the no- promotion strategy, under which the policy incentive disappears, reducing the incentive for farmers to adopt CCATs. Publicity is an important incentive for promoting CCATs, and its effect is evident. Our findings provide insights into the development of policies to promote CCATs in agriculture.</jats:p