The Fitzgeralds in France: A Life of Splendor and Tragedy

F. Scott Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda Sayre are well-known for the glamorous life they lived as they roamed throughout America and Europe. They met and befriended many other writers and artists during their travels, but never as many as they met in Paris, the center for expatriate Americans of the Lost Generation. This project is composed of three parts that focused on the Fitzgeralds’ lives through specific lenses. The first part is a Pecha Kucha presentation summarizing the lives of the Fitzgeralds and detailing their time in Paris. Part two is a Wordpress website analyzing the relationships that the Fitzgeralds developed with other American expatriates in Paris, accompanied by a story map of their most frequented locations. The artists and authors that we researched were Ernest Hemingway, E. E. Cummings, Gertrude Stein, Edmund Wilson, Sylvia Beach, and Pablo Picasso. The final part of our project is an analysis and comparison of novels written by Scott and Zelda, respectively. Zelda’s Save Me the Waltz is a fictional recollection of her time with Scott leading up to her mental illness and institutionalization, while Scott’s Tender is the Night displays his perspective. We each focused on one of the two novels in a ten-page essay, and then together compared our analyses, arriving at a conclusion we had not anticipated: Scott censored Zelda’s novel in order to use the material himself. Our project as a whole helped us to understand that the Fitzgeralds’ lives were not simply full of frivolity, but of sadness and pain that derived from their own marriage as well as their backgrounds, personalities, and ambitions

Breaking through the Walls: Enhancing Library Services and Resources by Moving Data into and out of Library Silos

The focus of the paper was to highlight 10 resources that can be used to enrich libraries and library user experience by using technology to move information and data into and out of library silos. Below we have found 10 emerging tools and technologies to facilitate this process and enhance our resources and services to provide a better library experience for users

Princes, parents et seigneurs

RésuméPrinces, parents et seigneurs. Loyautés et crime contre le souverain en Europe centrale ou occidentale et en Moscovie (xvie-xviie siècle).Le crime n’est pas seulement un fait social, mais aussi une construction culturelle. Sa répression reflète les valeurs et les craintes des élites et parfois aussi celles du peuple. De plus, la définition de ce qui est criminel ne fait jamais complètement abstraction de l’ordre politique : le crime de lèse-majesté en témoigne. Les historiens ont été conscients de l’importance des procès de crime de lèse-majesté pour leurs recherches sur l’autocratie moscovite, mais ils se sont peu intéressés au contexte européen de ces procès et à l’histoire du droit pénal dont ils font partie. En conséquence, l’étude de ces procès n’a fait que consolider la réputation de la Russie moscovite comme civilisation à part, soumise à un pouvoir despotique, qui transforme jusqu’aux idées de ses sujets en matière de loyautés communautaires et familiales en mécanismes de répression. En élargissant la perspective, la présente esquisse tente de modifier cette image.AbstractPrinces, family and lords. Loyalty and crime against the sovereign in central or western Europe and in Muscovy (from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries).Crime is not only a social reality, it is also a product of culture. The prosecution of the criminal mirrors the values as well as the fears of the elite, and sometimes also those of the people. Moreover, as the prosecution of lese-majesty shows, the definition of crime is influenced by political order. Historians dealing with Muscovite autocracy have been aware of the importance of the trials against persons accused of lese-majesty, but have shown little interest for the European context of these trials and the history of criminal law to which they belong. Consequently, their studies have tended to show that Muscovite Russia was an isolated civilization under the rule of a despot who used his subjects’ conceptions of loyalty to the community and the family to oppress them even harder. This brief communication proposes reconsidering the trials from a broader perspective in order to modify this image of Muscovy

Исследование изменений твёрдости поверхности при азотировании сталей

Contact allergies are complex diseases, and one of the important challenges for public health and immunology. The German 'Federal Institute for Risk Assessment' hosted an 'International Workshop on Contact Dermatitis'. The scope of the workshop was to discuss new discoveries and developments in the field of contact dermatitis. This included the epidemiology and molecular biology of contact allergy, as well as the development of new in vitro methods. Furthermore, it considered regulatory aspects aiming to reduce exposure to contact sensitisers. An estimated 15-20% of the general population suffers from contact allergy. Workplace exposure, age, sex, use of consumer products and genetic predispositions were identified as the most important risk factors. Research highlights included: advances in understanding of immune responses to contact sensitisers, the importance of autoxidation or enzyme-mediated oxidation for the activation of chemicals, the mechanisms through which hapten-protein conjugates are formed and the development of novel in vitro strategies for the identification of skin-sensitising chemicals. Dendritic cell cultures and structure-activity relationships are being developed to identify potential contact allergens. However, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) presently remains the validated method of choice for hazard identification and characterisation. At the workshop the use of the LLNA for regulatory purposes and for quantitative risk assessment was also discussed

Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap in preventing Frey's syndrome after parotidectomy: A systematic review

Background Parotidectomy is a common procedure and Frey's syndrome (gustatory sweating) is a common side effect. The current literature was assessed concerning the effectiveness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) flap to prevent Frey's syndrome after parotidectomy. Methods A bibliography search was conducted for studies published between 1966 and 2010 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies with patients undergoing parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation. The outcome measures of particular interest were the incidence of Frey's syndrome and cosmetic impairment. Results In all, 12 studies were selected (1 meta‐analysis of all interventions to prevent Frey's syndrome, 2 RCTs, and 9 cohort studies). The trials were too heterogeneous to perform a meta‐analysis on the effect of the SCM flap. The results reported by the authors of each study suggest an objective decrease in Frey's syndrome when the SCM flap was used, but there was no difference in the patients' subjective reporting of symptoms. However, this conclusion is prone to the biases inherent in these studies, and thus overall it is impossible to make any recommendation. Conclusion Current reported evidence is inconclusive as to the use of SCM muscle flap as an intervention to prevent Frey's syndrome following parotid surgery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90266/1/21722_ftp.pd

Direct enzymatic esterification of cotton and Avicel with wild-type and engineered cutinases

In this work, the surface of cellulose, either Avicel or cotton fabric, was modified using cutinases without any previous treatment to swell or to solubilise the polymer. Aiming further improvement of cutinase ester synthase activity on cellulose, an engineered cutinase was investigated. Wild-type cutinase from Fusarium solani and its fusion with the carbohydrate-binding module N1 from Cellulomonas fimi were able to esterify the hydroxyl groups of cellulose with distinct efficiencies depending on the acid substrate/solvent system used, as shown by titration and by ATR-FTIR. The carbonyl stretching peak area increased significantly after enzymatic treatment during 72 h at 30 °C. Cutinase treatment resulted in relative increases of 31 and 9 % when octanoic acid and vegetable oil were used as substrates, respectively. Cutinase-N1 treatment resulted in relative increases of 11 and 29 % in the peak area when octanoic acid and vegetable oil were used as substrates, respectively. The production and application of cutinase fused with the domain N1 as a cellulose ester synthase, here reported for the first time, is therefore an interesting strategy to pursuit.This work was co-funded by the European Social Fund through the management authority POPH and FCT, Postdoctoral fellowship reference: SFRH/BPD/47555/2008. The authors also want to thank Doctor Raul Machado for his valuable help on FTIR spectral data treatment

Excess mortality in England during the 2019 summer heatwaves

There is increasing evidence that rising temperatures and heatwaves in the United Kingdom are associated with an increase in heat-related mortality. However, the Public Health England (PHE) Heatwave mortality monitoring reports, which use provisional death registrations to estimate heat-related mortality in England during heatwaves, have not yet been evaluated. This study aims to retrospectively quantify the impact of heatwaves on mortality during the 2019 summer period using daily death occurrences. Second, using the same method, it quantifies the heat-related mortality for the 2018 and 2017 heatwave periods. Last, it compares the results to the estimated excess deaths for the same period in the PHE Heatwave mortality monitoring reports. The number of cumulative excess deaths during the summer 2019 heatwaves were minimal (161) and were substantially lower than during the summer 2018 heatwaves (1700 deaths) and summer 2017 heatwaves (1489 deaths). All findings were at variance with the PHE Heatwave mortality monitoring reports which estimated cumulative excess deaths to be 892, 863 and 778 during the heatwave periods of 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Issues are identified in the use of provisional death registrations for mortality monitoring and the reduced reliability of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) daily death occurrences database before 2019. These findings may identify more reliable ways to monitor heat mortality during heatwaves in the future