Pressure Modulator Radiometer (PMR) tests

The pressure modulator technique was evaluated for monitoring pollutant gases in the Earth's atmosphere of altitude levels corresponding to the mid and lower troposphere. Using an experimental set up and a 110 cm sample cell, pressure modulator output signals resulting from a range of gas concentrations in the sample cell were examined. Then a 20 cm sample cell was modified so that trace gas properties in the atmosphere could be simulated in the laboratory. These gas properties were measured using an infrared sensor

Gilling in Trap‐Net Pots and Use of Catch Data to Predict Lake Whitefish Gilling Rates

Gilling of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in trapnet pots was investigated for three commercial nets set during the fall of 1980 in northern Lake Huron. Approximately 73% of observed giliing occurred as nets were being lifted. Consequently, high percentages of gilled fish were alive when fishermen harvested their catch. More than two‐thirds of the gilled fish were located in side netting, while smaller proportions of gilled fish were found in the back, front, top, and bottom of the pot. A regression model was developed to predict the number of lake whitefish gilled based on total catch. Independent variables for the statistically significant (P < 0.001) model were the number of lake whitefish caught and the square root of the number of lake trout in the pot. Lake whitefish schooling behavior associated with the approach of spawning season was regarded as an important factor in explaining gilling rates. The number of gilled whitefish could be reduced by increasing the frequency of net lifts if it were found to be economically feasible.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141650/1/nafm0294.pd

Lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with chronic ambulatory electrocorticography

OBJECTIVE: Patients with suspected mesial temporal lobe (MTL) epilepsy typically undergo inpatient video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring with scalp and/or intracranial electrodes for 1 to 2 weeks to localize and lateralize the seizure focus or foci. Chronic ambulatory electrocorticography (ECoG) in patients with MTL epilepsy may provide additional information about seizure lateralization. This analysis describes data obtained from chronic ambulatory ECoG in patients with suspected bilateral MTL epilepsy in order to assess the time required to determine the seizure lateralization and whether this information could influence treatment decisions. METHODS: Ambulatory ECoG was reviewed in patients with suspected bilateral MTL epilepsy who were among a larger cohort with intractable epilepsy participating in a randomized controlled trial of responsive neurostimulation. Subjects were implanted with bilateral MTL leads and a cranially implanted neurostimulator programmed to detect abnormal interictal and ictal ECoG activity. ECoG data stored by the neurostimulator were reviewed to determine the lateralization of electrographic seizures and the interval of time until independent bilateral MTL electrographic seizures were recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-two subjects were implanted with bilateral MTL leads and followed for 4.7 years on average (median 4.9 years). Independent bilateral MTL electrographic seizures were recorded in 84%. The average time to record bilateral electrographic seizures in the ambulatory setting was 41.6 days (median 13 days, range 0-376 days). Sixteen percent had only unilateral electrographic seizures after an average of 4.6 years of recording. SIGNIFICANCE: About one third of the subjects implanted with bilateral MTL electrodes required >1 month of chronic ambulatory ECoG before the first contralateral MTL electrographic seizure was recorded. Some patients with suspected bilateral MTL seizures had only unilateral electrographic seizures. Chronic ambulatory ECoG in patients with suspected bilateral MTL seizures provides data in a naturalistic setting, may complement data from inpatient video-EEG monitoring, and can contribute to treatment decisions

AS PROPOSTAS CURRICULARES DE GEOGRAFIA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA DO PARANÁ A PARTIR DA DÉCADA DE 1990

The present work is a result of bibliographical and documentary research having covered the Geography Programs for the final years of Elementary School. These are the Basic Curriculum for the Public School of Paraná, the National Curricular Parameters and the Guidelines for Basic Education for Basic Education, implemented in the state of Paraná, from the 1990s. During the period in question, there were significant changes in education, especially in the area of school programs, which received great influence from international organizations. As a result of the research, we noticed that the curricular plans of Geography present different conceptions of each other, given the historical context in which each was produced.O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental tendo abrangido os Currículos de Geografia para os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. São eles, o Currículo Básico para a Escola Pública do Paraná, os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e as Diretrizes Curriculares Orientadoras da Educação Básica para a Educação Básica, implementados no estado do Paraná, a partir da década de 1990. No período em questão, ocorreram significativas transformações na educação, sobretudo, na área de currículos escolares, que recebeu grande influência dos organismos internacionais. Como resultado da pesquisa, percebemos que as propostas curriculares de Geografia apresentam concepções distintas entre si, haja vista, o contexto histórico em que cada uma foi produzida

OPERATIONALIZATION OF PRACTICE AS A CURRICULAR COMPONENT IN GEOGRAPHIC COURSES: A CASE STUDY OF THREE PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES OF PARANÁ

A formação inicial é um grande desafio tanto para o acadêmico quanto para o professor formador, pois precisa ser pensada para que se possa compreender os diferentes aspectos da prática profissional, articulando o conhecimento da área específica àqueles próprios da educação. Portanto, o distanciamento entre o que é aprendido na instituição formadora e o conhecimento necessário às escolas é o dilema a ser superado. Nesse contexto, as mudanças propostas às licenciaturas, por meio das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (de 01/2002 e 02/2015) têm impulsionado as discussões sobre as demandas da sociedade e do mundo do trabalho. Diante do exposto, o presente texto tem o objetivo de apresentar como algumas Instituições do Ensino Superior (IES) no Paraná têm organizado os currículos do curso de Licenciatura em Geografia, quanto à inclusão da prática como componente curricular obrigatório. Como metodologia adotou-se a análise documental dos Projetos Curriculares dos Cursos de Geografia de três IES públicas estaduais do Paraná, nominadas no trabalho como IES 1, 2 e 3. As categorias de análise foram: contextual, conceitual e operativa, com base nos estudos de Eyng (2002). Verificou-se na pesquisa, que todas as IES atenderam à resolução nº 01/2002, mas ainda estão em processo de elaboração das mudanças propostas pela resolução nº 02/2015. Nas IES 1 e 3, as disciplinas destinadas às práticas como componente curricular incentivam o acadêmico a refletir sobre a educação, o ensino de Geografia e prática pedagógica do professor; estimulam a pesquisa em educação e em ensino da Geografia; e apresentam novas metodologias de ensino, para a intervenção nos ensinos fundamental e médio. Enquanto a IES 2, demonstra ter menos clareza quanto à compreensão da prática como componente curricular, na medida em que o curso não apresenta uma identidade específica e, embora carregue a nomenclatura de “Licenciatura”, está mais voltada ao bacharelado.The initial teacher training is a big challenge as for the scholar much as for the trainer teacher since it needs to be imagined to comprehend the different issues of professional practice, linking the knowledge in the specific area to those of education itself. Therefore, the estrangement between what is learned at training institution and the knowledge that is needed to schools is the dilemma to be overcome. In this context, the changes proposed to graduation courses, by means of National Curricular Guidelines (01/2002 and 02/2015) [Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (de 01/2002 e 02/2015)] have boosted the discussions on the social demands and the world of work. Based on this, the goal of this text is to show how some Higher Education Institutions [Instituições de Ensino Superior [IES] in Paraná-Brazil have organized the Geography degree courses curriculums, in terms of inclusion of the practice as a compulsory curricular component. As a methodology, it has been embraced the documental analysis of Geography courses curricular projects of three Higher Education Institutions of Paraná-Brazil, called here as IES 1, 2 and 3. The analysis categories were: contextual, conceptual and operational, based on studies by Eyng (2002). It has verified in the research, that all the IES have met to the resolution 01/2002, but they are still in elaboration process of the changes proposed by the resolution 02/2015. At the institutions 1 and 3, the subjects destined to the practices as curricular component they encourage the scholar to reflect on education, Geography teaching and the pedagogical practice of teacher; stimulate the research in education and in Geography teaching; and show new teaching methodologies, for the intervention in high school and elementary teaching. While the IES 2, demonstrates have less clarity about practice comprehension as a curricular component, as far as the course doesn’t show a specific identity and, although it has the nomenclature of “degree”, it is more directed to the bachelor degree.Keywords: Initial Training; Geography Degree; Theory-Practice; Practice as a Curricular Component

Re^3 Glass: a Reduce/Reuse/Recycle Strategy

The applicability of glass in structures is continuously ascending, as the transparency and high compressive strength of the material render it the optimum choice for realizing diaphanous structural components that allow for light transmittance and space continuity. The fabrication boundaries of the material are constantly stretching: visible metal connections are minimized and glass surfaces are maximized, resulting to pure all-glass structures. Still, due to the prevalence of the float glass industry, all-glass structures are currently confined to the limited forms and shapes that can be generated by planar, 2D glass elements. Moreover, despite the fact that glass is fully recyclable, most of the glass currently employed in buildings is neither reused nor recycled due to its perplexed disassembly and its contamination from coatings and adhesives. Cast glass can be the answer to the above restraints, as it can escape the design limitations generated from the 2-dimensional nature of float glass. By pouring molten glass into moulds, solid 3-dimensional glass components can be attained of considerably larger cross-sections and of virtually any shape. These monolithic glass objects can form repetitive units for large all glass-structures that do not buckle due to slender proportions and thus can take full advantage of the stated compressive strength of glass. Such components can be accordingly shaped to interlock towards easily assembled structures that do not require the use of adhesives for further bonding. In addition, cast glass units–due to their increased cross section– can tolerate a higher degree of impurities and thus can be produced by using waste glass as a raw source

Re^3 Glass

The applicability of glass in structures is continuously ascending, as the transparency and high compressive strength of the material render it the optimum choice for realizing diaphanous structural components that allow for light transmittance and space continuity. The fabrication boundaries of the material are constantly stretching: visible metal connections are minimized and glass surfaces are maximized, resulting to pure all-glass structures. Still, due to the prevalence of the float glass industry, all-glass structures are currently confined to the limited forms and shapes that can be generated by planar, 2D glass elements. Moreover, despite the fact that glass is fully recyclable, most of the glass currently employed in buildings is neither reused nor recycled due to its perplexed disassembly and its contamination from coatings and adhesives. Cast glass can be the answer to the above restraints, as it can escape the design limitations generated from the 2-dimensional nature of float glass. By pouring molten glass into moulds, solid 3-dimensional glass components can be attained of considerably larger cross-sections and of virtually any shape. These monolithic glass objects can form repetitive units for large all glass-structures that do not buckle due to slender proportions and thus can take full advantage of the stated compressive strength of glass. Such components can be accordingly shaped to interlock towards easily assembled structures that do not require the use of adhesives for further bonding. In addition, cast glass units–due to their increased cross section– can tolerate a higher degree of impurities and thus can be produced by using waste glass as a raw source

Renal and multisystem effectiveness of 3.9 years of migalastat in a global real-world cohort : Results from the Fabry registry

Fabry disease is a progressive, X-linked lysosomal disorder caused by reduced or absent α-galactosidase A activity due to GLA variants. The effects of migalastat were examined in a cohort of 125 Fabry patients with migalastat-amenable GLA variants in the followME Pathfinders registry (EUPAS20599), an ongoing, prospective, patient-focused registry evaluating outcomes for current Fabry disease treatments. We report annualised estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and Fabry-associated clinical events (FACEs) in a cohort of patients who had received ≥3 years of migalastat treatment in a real-world setting. As of August 2022, 125 patients (60% male) had a mean migalastat exposure of 3.9 years. At enrolment, median age was 58 years (males, 57; females, 60) with a mean eGFR of 83.7 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (n = 122; males, 83.7; females, 83.8) and a median left ventricular mass index of 115.1 g/m 2 (n = 61; males, 131.2; females, 98.0). Mean (95% confidence interval) eGFR annualised rate of change in the overall cohort (n = 116) was −0.9 (−10.8, 9.9) mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year with a similar rate of change observed across patients with varying levels of kidney function at enrolment. Despite population age and baseline morbidity, 80% of patients did not experience a FACE during the mean 3.9 years of migalastat exposure. The incidence of renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular events was 2.0, 83.2, and 4.1 events per 1000 patient-years, respectively. These data support a role of migalastat in preserving renal function and multisystem effectiveness during ≥3 years of migalastat treatment in this real-world Fabry population

4-Aminopyridine-induced epileptogenesis depends on activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases such as ERK1 [p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] and ERK2 (p42 MAPK) are activated in the CNS under physiological and pathological conditions such as ischemia and epilepsy. Here, we studied the activation state of ERK1/2 in rat hippocampal slices during application of the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4AP, 50 lM), a procedure that enhances synaptic transmission and leads to the appearance of epileptiform activity. Hippocampal slices superfused with 4AP-containing medium exhibited a marked activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation that peaked within about 20 min. These effects were not accompanied by changes in the activation state of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), another member of the MAP kinase superfamily. 4AP-induced ERK1/2 activation was inhibited by the voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (1 lM). We also found that application of the ERK pathway inhibitors U0126 (50 lM) or PD98059 (100 lM) markedly reduced 4AP-induced epileptiform synchronization, thus abolishing ictal discharges in the CA3 area. The effects induced by U0126 or PD98059 were not associated with changes in the amplitude and latency of the field potentials recorded in the CA3 area following electrical stimuli delivered in the dentate hylus. These data demonstrate that activation of ERK1/2 accompanies the appearance of epileptiform activity induced by 4AP and suggest a cause-effect relationship between the ERK pathway and epileptiform synchronization